1) The document discusses using media and events to generate publicity and discusses traditional and modern technologies used for event promotion and media coverage.
2) Social media is an important tool for event promotion that allows organizers to build relationships with audiences and share event information widely.
3) Creating social media pages and posting engaging content about industry news, events, clients are effective ways to promote events and businesses online.
This chapter discusses advertising, including its definition, classification, history, and key components. Advertising is defined as nonpersonal promotion of ideas, goods, or services paid for by an identified sponsor. It can be classified by audience, geography, and purpose. The chapter outlines the development of advertising from early print to modern mass media like television and the internet. It distinguishes the three main parts of the advertising industry as advertisers, agencies, and media companies. The impact of new digital technologies on advertising models and strategies is also addressed.
The document discusses how technology has impacted music audiences and labels. It defines audience types as mass or niche and how they are fragmented. Mass audiences consume mainstream media while niche audiences have unique interests. Major labels target mass audiences for profit through advertising, while indie labels focus on niche audiences. Technology allows labels to market directly to audiences through various methods like print, viral, and cross-media marketing. It has also changed distribution from physical to digital formats, benefiting indie labels' niche audiences but negatively impacting profits for major labels. Both labels still use traditional distribution methods.
This chapter discusses the history and current state of the magazine industry. It begins with an overview of the origins of magazines in colonial America and their evolution throughout history. Key developments included the penny press era expanding audiences, improved printing enabling mass circulation, and specialization of content in the 20th century. Currently, the industry faces challenges from declining advertising revenue and competition from digital media. Publishers are adapting by strengthening their online presence and experimenting with digital formats and apps. The chapter also outlines the organizational structure of the magazine industry and how magazines are produced.
An audience refers to individuals or groups that consume media content such as radio listeners, TV viewers, newspaper/magazine readers, or website visitors. Audiences are important because media organizations produce content to attract audiences and make a profit. New digital technologies have led to fragmented audiences across multiple platforms, making it harder for media companies to measure audiences. Companies profile audiences by demographics like gender, age, socioeconomic status, and interests to target advertising and content to attract the right audiences.
Changing social contexts caused by technological advances have led to a long-term decline in newspaper circulation. Newspapers have responded by diversifying into digital platforms like websites and apps to compensate for falling print revenue. For example, both The Daily Mail and The Guardian have developed their online presence through websites, Twitter feeds, and Facebook pages to attract audiences fragmented across multiple platforms and combat declining print sales.
This document summarizes a report on journalistic startups and their business models in nine countries. It finds that business models can be divided into two groups: storytelling-oriented models, which focus on producing original content and monetizing it through ads and paywalls, and service-oriented models, which provide platforms and curated content without focusing on monetizing the content directly. It also identifies several common revenue sources among the startups, including advertising, paywalls, donations, and selling additional services. The report is based on in-depth case studies of 69 startups across Europe, the US, and Japan, with the goal of understanding how different countries approach sustainable journalism and providing guidance to others looking to start their own
The document discusses internet advertising as a media. It defines internet as a global network connecting millions of computers worldwide. It then discusses internet advertising in detail, including its types, importance, features, advantages like low cost and ability to update ads easily, and disadvantages like limited market scope. The document concludes that internet advertising provides a global audience and interactive marketing through instant responses.
1) The document discusses using media and events to generate publicity and discusses traditional and modern technologies used for event promotion and media coverage.
2) Social media is an important tool for event promotion that allows organizers to build relationships with audiences and share event information widely.
3) Creating social media pages and posting engaging content about industry news, events, clients are effective ways to promote events and businesses online.
This chapter discusses advertising, including its definition, classification, history, and key components. Advertising is defined as nonpersonal promotion of ideas, goods, or services paid for by an identified sponsor. It can be classified by audience, geography, and purpose. The chapter outlines the development of advertising from early print to modern mass media like television and the internet. It distinguishes the three main parts of the advertising industry as advertisers, agencies, and media companies. The impact of new digital technologies on advertising models and strategies is also addressed.
The document discusses how technology has impacted music audiences and labels. It defines audience types as mass or niche and how they are fragmented. Mass audiences consume mainstream media while niche audiences have unique interests. Major labels target mass audiences for profit through advertising, while indie labels focus on niche audiences. Technology allows labels to market directly to audiences through various methods like print, viral, and cross-media marketing. It has also changed distribution from physical to digital formats, benefiting indie labels' niche audiences but negatively impacting profits for major labels. Both labels still use traditional distribution methods.
This chapter discusses the history and current state of the magazine industry. It begins with an overview of the origins of magazines in colonial America and their evolution throughout history. Key developments included the penny press era expanding audiences, improved printing enabling mass circulation, and specialization of content in the 20th century. Currently, the industry faces challenges from declining advertising revenue and competition from digital media. Publishers are adapting by strengthening their online presence and experimenting with digital formats and apps. The chapter also outlines the organizational structure of the magazine industry and how magazines are produced.
An audience refers to individuals or groups that consume media content such as radio listeners, TV viewers, newspaper/magazine readers, or website visitors. Audiences are important because media organizations produce content to attract audiences and make a profit. New digital technologies have led to fragmented audiences across multiple platforms, making it harder for media companies to measure audiences. Companies profile audiences by demographics like gender, age, socioeconomic status, and interests to target advertising and content to attract the right audiences.
Changing social contexts caused by technological advances have led to a long-term decline in newspaper circulation. Newspapers have responded by diversifying into digital platforms like websites and apps to compensate for falling print revenue. For example, both The Daily Mail and The Guardian have developed their online presence through websites, Twitter feeds, and Facebook pages to attract audiences fragmented across multiple platforms and combat declining print sales.
This document summarizes a report on journalistic startups and their business models in nine countries. It finds that business models can be divided into two groups: storytelling-oriented models, which focus on producing original content and monetizing it through ads and paywalls, and service-oriented models, which provide platforms and curated content without focusing on monetizing the content directly. It also identifies several common revenue sources among the startups, including advertising, paywalls, donations, and selling additional services. The report is based on in-depth case studies of 69 startups across Europe, the US, and Japan, with the goal of understanding how different countries approach sustainable journalism and providing guidance to others looking to start their own
The document discusses internet advertising as a media. It defines internet as a global network connecting millions of computers worldwide. It then discusses internet advertising in detail, including its types, importance, features, advantages like low cost and ability to update ads easily, and disadvantages like limited market scope. The document concludes that internet advertising provides a global audience and interactive marketing through instant responses.
Mass media refers to various communication methods used to interact with large audiences. It includes traditional print media like newspapers, magazines, brochures and books as well as electronic media like television, radio and new technologies like the internet, mobile phones and computers. The document discusses the different types of traditional print media and how electronic and digital media have increasingly replaced print media over time due to advantages like lower costs, interactivity and ability to update information constantly. It outlines key internet technologies that have transformed mass communication like emails, websites, social media and video platforms like YouTube.
Here is a possible continuation of the answer:
The decline in print circulation has had significant economic consequences for both newspapers. For example, The Guardian's print circulation has fallen from over 400,000 in the early 2000s to around 160,000 today. This has reduced an important source of revenue from print advertising and sales. However, The Guardian has seen online readership grow substantially, with over 120 million readers worldwide per month. It has adapted its business model to focus on online advertising, events, and a donation scheme to attract regular financial support from readers. In contrast, the Daily Mail's print circulation remains higher but it also monetizes its large online audience through targeted digital advertising. Both newspapers provide extensive free online content to attract audiences, relying
The document discusses the typology and changing nature of mass media audiences. It identifies four main categories of media audiences: the elite audience, the mass audience, the specialized audience, and the interactive audience. It also discusses factors that have affected the changing nature of audiences, including the multiplication of channels, conglomeration increasing audience sizes, fragmentation of mass audiences, and segmentation according to market characteristics. The escape of audiences from management and measurement has also led to new types of interactive and consultative audiences.
This document provides an overview of key concepts and themes relating to marketing and media platforms that will be covered in an upcoming course. It discusses the proliferation of multi-platform media and how publishers are converging content across platforms. Major platforms like TV, radio, print, billboards, and online are summarized in terms of their reach and how publishers generate revenue from them. The emergence of Web 2.0 and user-generated content is covered, as well as concepts like "the long tail" and how digital natives are shaping media consumption. Upcoming reading assignments and a student presentation are also outlined.
The document discusses various factors to consider when selecting advertising media. It defines advertising media as channels used to communicate promotional messages to potential customers. Key factors mentioned include the advertising objectives, targeting the intended consumer audience, matching the media circulation to the product distribution, and choosing media that can effectively present the desired advertising message. A variety of traditional and digital media types are also outlined.
The document provides guidance for a case study on a UK music magazine as part of a media studies exam. It outlines 15 topics for research on the magazine's publisher (IPC Media or Future PLC), the production and distribution processes, regulation, advertising approaches, specific magazines (NME and Metal Hammer), audience analysis, and the future of the magazine industry. Students are instructed to analyze how the magazine is produced, distributed, promoted, sold, and consumed in both print and digital formats while considering the importance of advertising revenue.
The political context influences newspaper ownership and regulation in several ways. Newspaper ownership is concentrated among a few large companies, with the top three owners controlling over 80% of daily circulation. This concentration decreases quality and choice. The Guardian and Daily Mail differ in their ownership and regulation - The Guardian is owned by the Scott Trust which protects its editorial independence, while the Daily Mail has a proprietor who can influence its political stances. Regulation also affects newspapers differently based on their political alignments.
Media producers use multiple media platforms to promote media texts in order to generate interest and awareness, develop brand loyalty, and encourage viral marketing. They employ both traditional promotional methods as well as newer digital technologies. The Dark Knight marketing campaign utilized various websites, trailers, promotional partnerships, and real-world interactive games to engage audiences across multiple platforms before the film's release. By experiencing media texts through different forms and platforms, audiences now have a broader experience that media institutions seek to capitalize on for maximum promotional success.
Producers target audiences to maximize profits from media texts. As technology fragments audiences across multiple platforms, measuring audience sizes and profiling their demographics and psychographics becomes increasingly important. Producers categorize audiences into mass or niche groups and research audience demographics like age, income, and lifestyles to tailor content and place targeted advertisements that appeal to specific audience types. Understanding audience profiles allows producers to effectively engage their target viewers.
This CD advert uses large red capital letters for the band's name to attract attention. The color red is emotionally intense and associated with qualities reflected in the band's music, like danger and power. While effective for a non-interactive printed product, digital formats allow for more advanced advertising methods.
This document provides guidance to students on a controlled assessment task for a GCSE Media Studies course. Students are asked to create an integrated media campaign promoting a positive image of young people. They must conduct research, develop ideas for two media products, present their ideas, and produce the two media products along with an evaluation. They will be assessed on their research, planning, presentation, production, and evaluation skills. The document outlines the requirements, assessment criteria, timeline, and guidance on approaching the task.
The document discusses 5 emerging media trends for communicators to be aware of:
1) Shortening news cycles due to the speed of social media and on-demand content.
2) The decline of traditional press clippings due to electronic monitoring and text analytics.
3) Increased media multi-tasking, especially among youth, using multiple channels simultaneously.
4) The rise of "influencers" who curate and recommend content on social media.
5) The integration of social media, mobile devices, and geolocation into search and content delivery.
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to news and online media industries, audiences, and contexts. It discusses how news is shaped by production, distribution, ownership and economic factors. It highlights the impact of technological changes and regulation. Theories from scholars like Curran and Seaton, and Hesmondhalgh are presented for analyzing media industries. Political, economic and historical contexts that influence news media are also outlined. The document then examines how newspapers target specific audiences using techniques like pricing, promotions, and partnerships to appeal to demographic and psychographic groups.
This document discusses news and online media from several perspectives. It addresses how news is shaped by its production, distribution, ownership and economic factors. It also examines how news industries maintain audiences nationally and globally through targeting demographics, psychographics, and using various marketing techniques. Finally, it explores how audiences interpret and use news media differently based on their needs and gratifications.
11.public service broadcasting by radio -challenges aheadAlexander Decker
This document discusses the challenges facing public service broadcasting (PSB) by radio. PSB aims to inform, educate, and entertain the public, but it faces competition from commercial broadcasting seeking advertising revenue. While commercial broadcasting prioritizes entertainment, PSB must balance public welfare messages with attracting audiences. Financing PSB is also challenging as it relies on sources like license fees rather than advertising. Developing countries like India still greatly benefit from PSB, so its role must be supported and not undermined by growing commercial broadcasting.
This document discusses media kits and compares traditional and new media. It defines a media kit as a pre-packaged set of promotional materials distributed to members of the media. Common components of media kits include background information, fact sheets, biographies, press coverage, photos, and contact details. Traditional media refers to older forms like television, radio, newspapers and magazines while new media encompasses digital and interactive technologies like the internet, websites, and computer games. New media has advantages over traditional media in terms of reach, cost, and allowing for greater consumer exposure and interaction.
Working Title is a British film production company that focuses on targeting specific audiences through careful planning and representation. They identify typical audience members and tailor films through genre, positioning, and stereotypes. Audience theories like uses and gratifications and reception theory help explain how audiences interact with and interpret media texts based on their own experiences. Representation and stereotypes are also important for how audiences view social groups portrayed in films.
A cross-cultural comparison of U.S. and Taiwanese print advertising_sStanley Wu
This document summarizes a master's thesis that examines print advertising strategies in the U.S. and Taiwan through a content analysis of magazine food advertisements from 2008. Specifically, it compares the portrayal of multiethnic groups and presentation of creative campaign strategies between the two countries. The thesis aims to provide insights into how culture influences advertising by exploring differences in the use of models, representation of ethnic diversity, and employment of individualism vs. collectivism. It also analyzes the use of direct and indirect comparative advertising between the U.S. and Taiwan. The results of this study can help advertising practitioners develop more culturally appropriate strategies internationally.
1. Public relations aims to shape favorable media coverage and public perception of individuals and organizations. Early PR involved press agents staging stunts to promote clients, while modern PR applies research and strategic communications.
2. PR developed alongside industries like railroads and utilities in the late 19th/early 20th century, transitioning from deceptive practices to advising honesty. Founders like Ivy Lee and Edward Bernays established PR's use of psychology and sociology to influence the public.
3. Modern PR practices include researching audiences, distributing press releases and conducting media relations, planning special events, and managing community/consumer and government relations. PR also assists during crises and adapts to new media like the internet and social networks.
Local Newspapers: trends and developments in the USADamian Radcliffe
Slides of keynote on US local newspapers given at the 6th International Conference of proximity media, Barcelona, 21st November 2017. http://jornades.amic.media/default.php?id=3065
The four main types of media are:
1. Print media - This includes newspapers, magazines, books, flyers etc. Information is printed on paper.
2. Broadcast media - Also known as electronic media or mass media. It uses electronic equipment to transmit audio and video content to a wide audience like radio, television etc.
3. Digital/Online media - Also known as new media. It delivers content through the internet and digital platforms like websites, blogs, social media, emails etc.
4. Outdoor media - It delivers messages to audiences directly when they are outdoors through billboards, posters at bus stops or metro stations to reach a mass audience.
An introduction to what an audience is, how this relates to media studies and why audiences are important. Presentation talks about categorisation, audience fragmentation, the impact of new technology and links to help support your learning.
Mass media refers to various communication methods used to interact with large audiences. It includes traditional print media like newspapers, magazines, brochures and books as well as electronic media like television, radio and new technologies like the internet, mobile phones and computers. The document discusses the different types of traditional print media and how electronic and digital media have increasingly replaced print media over time due to advantages like lower costs, interactivity and ability to update information constantly. It outlines key internet technologies that have transformed mass communication like emails, websites, social media and video platforms like YouTube.
Here is a possible continuation of the answer:
The decline in print circulation has had significant economic consequences for both newspapers. For example, The Guardian's print circulation has fallen from over 400,000 in the early 2000s to around 160,000 today. This has reduced an important source of revenue from print advertising and sales. However, The Guardian has seen online readership grow substantially, with over 120 million readers worldwide per month. It has adapted its business model to focus on online advertising, events, and a donation scheme to attract regular financial support from readers. In contrast, the Daily Mail's print circulation remains higher but it also monetizes its large online audience through targeted digital advertising. Both newspapers provide extensive free online content to attract audiences, relying
The document discusses the typology and changing nature of mass media audiences. It identifies four main categories of media audiences: the elite audience, the mass audience, the specialized audience, and the interactive audience. It also discusses factors that have affected the changing nature of audiences, including the multiplication of channels, conglomeration increasing audience sizes, fragmentation of mass audiences, and segmentation according to market characteristics. The escape of audiences from management and measurement has also led to new types of interactive and consultative audiences.
This document provides an overview of key concepts and themes relating to marketing and media platforms that will be covered in an upcoming course. It discusses the proliferation of multi-platform media and how publishers are converging content across platforms. Major platforms like TV, radio, print, billboards, and online are summarized in terms of their reach and how publishers generate revenue from them. The emergence of Web 2.0 and user-generated content is covered, as well as concepts like "the long tail" and how digital natives are shaping media consumption. Upcoming reading assignments and a student presentation are also outlined.
The document discusses various factors to consider when selecting advertising media. It defines advertising media as channels used to communicate promotional messages to potential customers. Key factors mentioned include the advertising objectives, targeting the intended consumer audience, matching the media circulation to the product distribution, and choosing media that can effectively present the desired advertising message. A variety of traditional and digital media types are also outlined.
The document provides guidance for a case study on a UK music magazine as part of a media studies exam. It outlines 15 topics for research on the magazine's publisher (IPC Media or Future PLC), the production and distribution processes, regulation, advertising approaches, specific magazines (NME and Metal Hammer), audience analysis, and the future of the magazine industry. Students are instructed to analyze how the magazine is produced, distributed, promoted, sold, and consumed in both print and digital formats while considering the importance of advertising revenue.
The political context influences newspaper ownership and regulation in several ways. Newspaper ownership is concentrated among a few large companies, with the top three owners controlling over 80% of daily circulation. This concentration decreases quality and choice. The Guardian and Daily Mail differ in their ownership and regulation - The Guardian is owned by the Scott Trust which protects its editorial independence, while the Daily Mail has a proprietor who can influence its political stances. Regulation also affects newspapers differently based on their political alignments.
Media producers use multiple media platforms to promote media texts in order to generate interest and awareness, develop brand loyalty, and encourage viral marketing. They employ both traditional promotional methods as well as newer digital technologies. The Dark Knight marketing campaign utilized various websites, trailers, promotional partnerships, and real-world interactive games to engage audiences across multiple platforms before the film's release. By experiencing media texts through different forms and platforms, audiences now have a broader experience that media institutions seek to capitalize on for maximum promotional success.
Producers target audiences to maximize profits from media texts. As technology fragments audiences across multiple platforms, measuring audience sizes and profiling their demographics and psychographics becomes increasingly important. Producers categorize audiences into mass or niche groups and research audience demographics like age, income, and lifestyles to tailor content and place targeted advertisements that appeal to specific audience types. Understanding audience profiles allows producers to effectively engage their target viewers.
This CD advert uses large red capital letters for the band's name to attract attention. The color red is emotionally intense and associated with qualities reflected in the band's music, like danger and power. While effective for a non-interactive printed product, digital formats allow for more advanced advertising methods.
This document provides guidance to students on a controlled assessment task for a GCSE Media Studies course. Students are asked to create an integrated media campaign promoting a positive image of young people. They must conduct research, develop ideas for two media products, present their ideas, and produce the two media products along with an evaluation. They will be assessed on their research, planning, presentation, production, and evaluation skills. The document outlines the requirements, assessment criteria, timeline, and guidance on approaching the task.
The document discusses 5 emerging media trends for communicators to be aware of:
1) Shortening news cycles due to the speed of social media and on-demand content.
2) The decline of traditional press clippings due to electronic monitoring and text analytics.
3) Increased media multi-tasking, especially among youth, using multiple channels simultaneously.
4) The rise of "influencers" who curate and recommend content on social media.
5) The integration of social media, mobile devices, and geolocation into search and content delivery.
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to news and online media industries, audiences, and contexts. It discusses how news is shaped by production, distribution, ownership and economic factors. It highlights the impact of technological changes and regulation. Theories from scholars like Curran and Seaton, and Hesmondhalgh are presented for analyzing media industries. Political, economic and historical contexts that influence news media are also outlined. The document then examines how newspapers target specific audiences using techniques like pricing, promotions, and partnerships to appeal to demographic and psychographic groups.
This document discusses news and online media from several perspectives. It addresses how news is shaped by its production, distribution, ownership and economic factors. It also examines how news industries maintain audiences nationally and globally through targeting demographics, psychographics, and using various marketing techniques. Finally, it explores how audiences interpret and use news media differently based on their needs and gratifications.
11.public service broadcasting by radio -challenges aheadAlexander Decker
This document discusses the challenges facing public service broadcasting (PSB) by radio. PSB aims to inform, educate, and entertain the public, but it faces competition from commercial broadcasting seeking advertising revenue. While commercial broadcasting prioritizes entertainment, PSB must balance public welfare messages with attracting audiences. Financing PSB is also challenging as it relies on sources like license fees rather than advertising. Developing countries like India still greatly benefit from PSB, so its role must be supported and not undermined by growing commercial broadcasting.
This document discusses media kits and compares traditional and new media. It defines a media kit as a pre-packaged set of promotional materials distributed to members of the media. Common components of media kits include background information, fact sheets, biographies, press coverage, photos, and contact details. Traditional media refers to older forms like television, radio, newspapers and magazines while new media encompasses digital and interactive technologies like the internet, websites, and computer games. New media has advantages over traditional media in terms of reach, cost, and allowing for greater consumer exposure and interaction.
Working Title is a British film production company that focuses on targeting specific audiences through careful planning and representation. They identify typical audience members and tailor films through genre, positioning, and stereotypes. Audience theories like uses and gratifications and reception theory help explain how audiences interact with and interpret media texts based on their own experiences. Representation and stereotypes are also important for how audiences view social groups portrayed in films.
A cross-cultural comparison of U.S. and Taiwanese print advertising_sStanley Wu
This document summarizes a master's thesis that examines print advertising strategies in the U.S. and Taiwan through a content analysis of magazine food advertisements from 2008. Specifically, it compares the portrayal of multiethnic groups and presentation of creative campaign strategies between the two countries. The thesis aims to provide insights into how culture influences advertising by exploring differences in the use of models, representation of ethnic diversity, and employment of individualism vs. collectivism. It also analyzes the use of direct and indirect comparative advertising between the U.S. and Taiwan. The results of this study can help advertising practitioners develop more culturally appropriate strategies internationally.
1. Public relations aims to shape favorable media coverage and public perception of individuals and organizations. Early PR involved press agents staging stunts to promote clients, while modern PR applies research and strategic communications.
2. PR developed alongside industries like railroads and utilities in the late 19th/early 20th century, transitioning from deceptive practices to advising honesty. Founders like Ivy Lee and Edward Bernays established PR's use of psychology and sociology to influence the public.
3. Modern PR practices include researching audiences, distributing press releases and conducting media relations, planning special events, and managing community/consumer and government relations. PR also assists during crises and adapts to new media like the internet and social networks.
Local Newspapers: trends and developments in the USADamian Radcliffe
Slides of keynote on US local newspapers given at the 6th International Conference of proximity media, Barcelona, 21st November 2017. http://jornades.amic.media/default.php?id=3065
The four main types of media are:
1. Print media - This includes newspapers, magazines, books, flyers etc. Information is printed on paper.
2. Broadcast media - Also known as electronic media or mass media. It uses electronic equipment to transmit audio and video content to a wide audience like radio, television etc.
3. Digital/Online media - Also known as new media. It delivers content through the internet and digital platforms like websites, blogs, social media, emails etc.
4. Outdoor media - It delivers messages to audiences directly when they are outdoors through billboards, posters at bus stops or metro stations to reach a mass audience.
An introduction to what an audience is, how this relates to media studies and why audiences are important. Presentation talks about categorisation, audience fragmentation, the impact of new technology and links to help support your learning.
This document discusses several topics related to social media and B2B marketing:
- It lists several major social media platforms including Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and Instagram.
- It identifies 5 types of social media: social networks, video channels, photo sharing, online communities, and niche content.
- Finally, it provides several tips for maximizing opportunities through social media including developing a plan, managing content, and monitoring engagement.
Study skills develop throughout the course of study, often unnoticed. Writing, reading comprehension and information retrieval skills are the most important study skills, and you should develop them right from the beginning of studies. Conversation and presentation skills also develop naturally as study experiences accumulate. As a university student, you should also assess your own learning and study skills and think about what your strengths as a learner a
The document discusses the goals and audiences of public relations efforts for the Federation, including communicating the value of the Federation and engaging the Jewish and Greater Cincinnati communities. It defines PR as promoting goodwill between an organization and the public and outlines common PR tools like social media, blogs, news releases, and video. The document also provides an example of a successful PR campaign that increased traffic to an article and suggests trends for 2015 like focusing on content and visual storytelling.
Slides from my lecture today to the City University International Journalism MA students... it's meant to be the introduction of thoughts, rather than to provide any certain and specific plans.
The document discusses audiences for media texts. It defines an audience as individuals or groups that consume media. Audiences can be mass or niche. Mass audiences consume mainstream popular texts, while niche audiences are smaller but influential groups with unique interests. Categorizing audiences is important for targeting advertising and understanding who consumes what types of media texts. New technologies have fragmented audiences across multiple platforms. Researchers use both quantitative and qualitative methods to measure and understand audience sizes and characteristics.
The document provides information about newspapers and the newspaper industry in the UK, including:
1) Newspaper circulation has declined 38% since 2004 and is falling at around half a million copies per day. If the rate of decline continues, newspapers may become unviable as a business in the future.
2) Newspapers are attempting to establish new digital business models to monetize their online content as audiences increasingly consume news on the internet. However, charging for online content has met with limited success so far.
3) Technological changes such as smartphones, tablets, and the ability to access up-to-the-minute online news have transformed how audiences consume media and made newspapers less competitive. Newspapers must adapt
Who watches this crap, anyway?
This document discusses the importance of understanding audiences and how media producers construct audiences. It defines what an audience is, explores how audiences are categorized and classified, and examines different theories for how audiences receive and make sense of media texts, such as the hypodermic needle model, two-step flow theory, uses and gratifications theory, and reception theory.
The document discusses various advertising media and strategies. It describes unique selling proposition as offering customers a distinctive benefit that differentiates a product from competitors. It then outlines popular advertising themes like prestige, comfort, economy, health, beauty, and fear. The document proceeds to discuss different types of media like television, print publications, radio, internet, signage, billboards and other emerging media. It emphasizes that effective media planning requires selecting the right combination of media vehicles to optimize long-term brand impact.
Block i unit ii -media selection and measuring its effectivenessNaga Sivaiah
The document discusses various media selection and measurement topics, including:
- Factors to consider when selecting media channels such as target audience habits, product characteristics, message goals, and costs.
- Metrics for measuring audience reach and effectiveness across different media like circulation, readership, TRP, and RAM.
- Guidelines for allocating advertising expenditures over time based on factors like seasons, purchase cycles, and forgetting rates. This includes strategies like continuity, concentration, pulsing and flighting.
- Examples are provided to illustrate media planning concepts for different industries and products.
Newspaper revision guide 2015 revision copyKeith Day
The document discusses newspapers and the challenges they face in the UK media landscape. It provides statistics showing newspapers have lost over half their circulation in the last 12 years. Experts predict that at the current rate of decline, no households will buy newspapers by 2025 unless publications stop or change their business model. The document examines different newspaper models like digital-only versions and paywalls. It suggests the future may involve charging for online content or finding new ways to engage audiences through interactivity and user-generated content.
The document discusses audiences for media texts. It defines an audience as individuals or groups who consume media. Audiences are important because media organizations produce content to attract audiences and make a profit. New technologies have fragmented audiences across multiple platforms. Media companies categorize audiences by factors like social class, interests, and demographics to target specific groups. Audience measurement organizations provide data on audience sizes for television, radio, newspapers and other media.
This document defines audiences and discusses how they are categorized. It explains that an audience is a group of people who consume media and that audiences are important because media organizations produce content to attract audiences and make a profit. It also discusses how technology has fragmented audiences across multiple platforms and how media companies target specific audience demographics with advertising to continue generating revenue.
The document provides an overview of news and online media, outlining that it is important to understand how news is shaped by its production, distribution, ownership and economic factors. It also discusses the impact of technological changes and regulation on the news industry. Theories around media industries and how different contexts like political, economic and historical influences shape news are also examined.
Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) involves coordinating all aspects of marketing to deliver a unified message and maximize impact. This includes advertising, promotions, public relations, social media, and more. The goal is to create seamless experiences for consumers across all touchpoints and communicate a consistent brand message. Modern IMC must account for an evolving media landscape where consumers are more active and obtain information from many sources.
This document defines and discusses audience analysis. It begins by defining an audience as people who interact with a product. To effectively market a product, the audience must be profiled based on factors like age, gender, interests etc. This is done through qualitative research like interviews and focus groups to understand audiences, or quantitative research like surveys for statistical data. Understanding the target audience allows companies to tailor their products and advertising appropriately. Examples are given of magazines and how they profile their audiences based on demographics, interests and other factors.
Similaire à AQA GCSE Media Studies Revision - Section A (Publishing) (20)
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
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তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
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Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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3. Identifying a Target Audience
• In order to fully understand the needs of their target audience, many publications will often use
research methods in order to determine the needs of the audience from the product.
• These publications will often conduct primary or Secondary research in the form of:
– Questionnaires – These are surveys which they will give to their readers to allow them to find out what kind
of features the demographic are looking for from the publication. These may include: certain types of
articles or more opportunities to get involved and interact with the media.
– Researching into existing products – A publishing company may research into similar publications to find out
how they cater to the needs of their intended audience. From this they may be able to take various ideas on
how to improve readership and gratification to their own products. For example: If a company found out
that an online discussion forum was a success with readers they may wish to implement one for their own
publication.
– Consumer Trials – A company may consort a group of people who reflect the general demographic of which
they are trying to entice. They will often issue a prototype copy to test their reactions to the content to
ensure what they are producing meets the gratificational needs of the target audience. This is useful as it
means the company doesn’t waste time developing a product which may potentially not be successful.
4. How the audience control an end-product
• The audience have a great influence over the final product which is produced. This is because if a product
doesn’t meet the specific needs of the demographic it ultimately won’t be successful because it wouldn’t
have the appeal of which they were looking for.
• To ensure for a successful end product, producers will often cater to the audiences needs based on
existing insights into the types of products an audience would want to have. This data is compiled by an
independent research board and then sent to producers to allow them to make an economically viable
product.
• An example of a company which conducts research into publication demographics is the National
Readership Survey (NRS). They conduct research into demographics based on numerous demographic and
psychographic factors and manipulate this data into a variety of readership categories which are: A, B, C1,
C2, D and E. They look for crucial factors such as: the appeal of certain topics to different demographics,
the viability of cross-platform publishing and the importance of correctly structuring and advertising
publications. This is important to allow them to have a secure understanding that the product they are
creating will be successful in accomplishing its intended purpose.
5. Establishing Demographics
• As mentioned earlier, research boards will often separate their demographics
based on a variety of factors such as:
– Age and Gender
– Psychographic details (Interests)
– Lifestyle factors (Class, Income and Sexual Orientation)
• Research boards will divide their audience into the following categories:
Grade Social Status Types of Jobs
A Upper Class High managerial or executive placements.
B Middle Class Lower departmental managerial positions.
C1 Lower Middle Class Supervisory placements and Junior Managerial placements.
C2 Skilled Working Class Skilled manual workers.
D Working Class Semi/Unskilled Manual Workers.
E Lower Working Class Single earners with lower wage and grade positions.
6. The Impact of New Media Technologies on
Publishing
• The advancements in technology ahs changed the ways in which various demographics are able to consume the
media. In the past the conventional way of consuming media was by buying a print publication such as a
newspaper or magazine.
• However, with advancements such as the iPhone and the considerable improvements made to wireless
infrastructure, conventional means of accessing the media have started to diminish with the ever changing
demands of the audience. This has come in the form of e-publication subscriptions (through services such as
Apple Newsstand) and through the use of mobile applications and social media feeds (such as with The Guardian
for example). This has become a large proportion of the income for many publications through the use of more
targeted and interactive advertising as well as subscription based services such as The Guardian and The Observer.
• To try and maintain the viability of print publications, many companies have started to offer much cheaper
magazine subscriptions which are well publicised to ensure that they target wide proportions of their
corresponding demographics. Another thing many conglomerates are doing is starting up free newspapers (such
as the Metro) with the intent of appealing to a city-worker demographic. This has been successful through the
wide availability of such publications on various means of public transport (such as buses and trains). These are
largely funded by advertising and appeal to their audience because they are able to provide the audience with the
content in areas with limited Wireless Infrastructure (such as the London Underground).
7. Uses & Gratifications Theory
• Uses and Gratifications theory is used to identify the needs of certain demographics from a product and
how they should be effectively met.
• There are various needs of gratification which a producer must cater to. These include:
– Escapism – this is where the audience is able to detach from society and immerse themselves in a make-believe world. An
example of a medium for this is with comic books.
– Information & Education – this is where the audience need for information is fulfilled regarding a certain subject which is
being discussed. This idea is prominent in the category of newspapers.
– Entertainment – this is the need to gain gratification from being entertained by the media. This need is predominant in
genres such as Comedy to engage the audience.
– Personal Identity – This is where the audience can imagine themselves in the position of a character (for example in a soap
opera, they may be able to relate to personal problems that a character is going through or in a news programme they
may be able to relate to a person featured on the programme with regards to their views and their lifestyle).
– Social Interaction – This is where the audience enjoys the social interaction that comes with reading a publication. This can
be presented in various different forms such as via Social Media (to discuss certain ideas in the news currently), with family
and friends (to share different ideologies regarding different news events) or with work colleagues or classmates (the
following day).
9. Conglomerates (News Corp)
• News Corporation (or News Corp) is an organisation based in America which
publishes content for the mass media worldwide.
• They own a variety of media companies, notably The Sun in the United Kingdom,
Foxtel in Australia and Wall Street Journal in the United States.
– The Sun – This is a newspaper located in Britain which provides its readers with information
regarding current affairs. They have a conservative political agenda which they convey to their
audience in their articles. They have often been known to become involved in a few
controversies for how they present certain people in the media.
– Foxtel – This is an Australian Cable and Satellite Television company which operates and
delivers numerous TV Channels as well as producing a variety of content which is exclusively
distributed across the Foxtel network.
– Wall Street Journal – This is an American newspaper which primarily focuses of business and
financial news. It also produces European and Asian editions making it the largest newspaper
in the United States in terms of circulation.
10. Smaller Organisations: Future PLC
• Future is an organisation which specialises in publishing in a variety
of genres which appeal to younger demographics such as: Music,
Games and Technology.
• They own numerous publications including: Techradar, Lifehacker
and Games Master. These each have their own demographic and
psychographic appeal to their corresponding audiences.
• They distribute their content to their audiences via numerous
platforms including: print magazines, websites, social media and
mobile apps. These allow the convergence for a much greater
proportion of the available target demographic – hence increasing
the success and effectiveness of these publications.
11. Issues facing content producers
• Horizontal Integration is where companies of different industries merge together to deliver a variety of products and services to their
consumers. An example of this is Condé Nast which owns numerous publications featured on both print and electronic forms such as
Vogue, Tatler and Wired.
• Vertical Integration is where a company acquires various stages of the production of content. An example of thiswould be where a
publishing company produced their own content (through a team of journalists and writers), self-manufactured the design of the
publication (with in-house editors) and finally managing its own distribution (through owning printing companies or self-managing their
online and social media feeds).
• Issues of bias are very prominent in aspects of publishing. This is because of the variety of publications available to the consumer which
are able to better cater to their specific needs of gratification. The idea of bias amongst newspapers and the publishing industry during
the 2015 Election where each of the specific papers with political agendas would be primarily producing content in order to ensure
their values and ideals are seen by the potential demographic. However, controversy can arise due to the potential lack of clarity
between fact and opinion which s an issue that isn’t as apparent in the Television industry.
• Media Imperialism is the idea that with the rise of bigger companies, smaller companies opinions aren't being recognised. This idea is
prominent with the ideologies of national and local newspapers as the national papers (such as The Sun, The Times or The Guardian)
generally lead the path of people who conform to their ideologies whilst leaving the values of smaller newspapers (such as the Hull
Daily Mail) behind.
• An example of a recent controversy was that of the News of The World phone-hacking scandal in 2011. Many newspapers criticised the
News of The World and The Sun for the ways in which it compiled information that it intended to publish thus sparking huge debate as
to how publications are legally allowed to operate.
13. Jobs in Publishing
• There are numerous opportunities for employment positions in Publishing. These include:
– Writers – The main job of a writer is to produce the content which is delivered to the consumer. The
responsibilities of this include: Ensuring that the content being produced is of the highest standard
possible (to successfully appeal to the target audience) and is appropriate (as not to offend any
potential consumers – which would have serious repercussions).
– Journalists – The job of a Journalist is to actively discover the latest news and information which is to
be printed in the publication. Their main responsibilities are to: ensure that appropriate methods are
used to gather such content (an example of defiance being the News of The World Phone hacking
scandal) and to ensure that all demographics being represented are portrayed fairly and equally
(which can cause issues with current affairs such as politics).
– Editors – The role of an editor is to make the final cut as to what content is going to be featured in
the publication. Their responsibilities associated with this are: to ensure that the content is
appropriate for all potential demographics (and succeeds in enticing them towards the product) and
to ensure that the publication is effective in conveying its ideologies to the reader.
14. Freelance Opportunities
• In Print Media, many employment opportunities are centred around
freelance employment. This is where a person is employed by a company
for a short amount of time, generally to contribute in completing a project
that a company may be working on. Examples of job opportunities
include:
– Area Managers – These may be employed for a couple of months due to an
unexpected absence or restructure of the company whilst they attempt to find
new staff to ensure the job is still done during the mean time.
– Designers & Writers – Designers and Writers may be employed if a company
intends to do a one-off project (such as an advertising campaign). This is
useful if the company only needs them for a set amount of time and
employing them long-term wouldn’t be financially viable.
15. 4) REGULATION & ETHICAL/LEGAL CONSTRAINTS
Section A - Publishing
16. Regulation in Publishing
• The organisation which regulates the industry of publishing is the IPSO. They are
responsible for ensuring the content being received by the consumers is fair,
accurate and appropriate. To ensure that organisations stick to this the IPSO have
created an Editor’s Code which discusses the following issues:
– Accuracy – This amendment states that the information being conveyed by a media organisation
must be as accurate as possible. An example of a way organisations should conform to this is by
clearly separating fact from opinion as not to cloud the public’s opinion regarding a certain issue.
– Privacy – This amendment cites that any individual should have the right to their own privacy in a
private location. This means that Editors must be able to justify any intrusions into privacy and that if
asked to desist by the subject they comply.
– Children – This clause cites that young people under the age of 16 should be able to live their lives
without any media intrusion. Any intrusion into their lives must be asked via their parents and with a
valid reason.
17. Case Study: Hyland-Ward v The Argus (Brighton)
• Ben Hyland-Ward complained to the IPSO regarding an article published in The Argus
newspaper called “Update: teenager arrested on suspicion of fraud following Bestival ticket
upset”. He cited that his concerns arose with the inclusion of the complainant’s phone
number which he deemed to breach Clause 3 of the Editor’s code regarding privacy.
• The complainant believed that the inclusion of his mobile phone number was irrelevant to
the article being discussed and filed a complaint against The Argus. The IPSO informed the
newspaper of this on behalf of the complainant whereby the newspaper stated that they had
already been alerted to this by an external source and had removed the accidentally printed
information.
• As a result the IPSO stated that the inclusion of the mobile phone number was a breach of
Clause 3 for privacy in spite of the newspaper claiming that it was an accident. The IPSO
recommended that because the article was published on the website, the adjudication
should remain on the homepage for 24 hours before being archived in the usual form.
18. Company-Specific Guidelines: The Guardian
• The Guardian have devised a set of guidelines which all editorial staff are expected
to follow. The purpose of this is to ensure content is created fairly and
appropriately. These guidelines cite:
– Anonymous Sources – This amendment states that wherever possible, sources should be cited
to provide information for the reader and not to create any confusion. However, all
precautions should be taken to ensure the confidentiality of any anonymous sources remains
secret due to the vulnerability of many of these sources.
– Children – when reporting on cases involving children, parental consent must be sought prior
to any potential interviewing or photographing. The identification of children generally should
not be undertaken unless in exceptional circumstances whereby the identity is genuinely
relevant and appropriate to the story.
– Race – Information regarding a subject’s race should not be published unless genuinely
relevant to the issues being discussed in the story. For example, a case where it would be
appropriate to specify race would be in a report regarding a hate crime.
19. The Data Protection Act
• The Data Protection Act 1998 is an act which covers a variety of forms of data to ensure security
and validity.
• The Act states various key principles including:
– The data acquired must only be use for its intended purpose as stated to the supplier. This means that the
data cannot be used for anything other than what the owner consented to.
– The data must only be kept for the least amount of time as is possible to prevent data theft/loss. This means
that when the data is no longer needed it should be removed from the systems.
– The data must always be as accurate as possible. This means that false information must not be present in
the database.
– The data can only be transferred to countries outside the EU with a similar level of data protection and
security. This is to prevent data fraud and loss in foreign locations.
– Appropriate measures need to be taken in order to decrease the likelihood of data theft. This may involve
things such as data encryption.
• In Publishing, The Data Protection Act is used in terms of online services (such as article
subscriptions with The Guardian) whereby a user’s contact details are necessary for their
identification.
21. The Impact of technological advances on
Publishing
• The implementation of technologies into society has changed the way in which consumers access the media. For
example, with the rise of devices such as Apple’s iPhone, we are beginning to see a decrease in consumers accessing
publications via traditional means (i.e. magazines and newspapers) with a greater amount of people seeking internet
sources. The impact of this on publishing is substantial because of the fact that traditional publishing and advertising
via this would have been their main source of income that is constantly diminishing. In response to this, publications
have started to integrate their content onto more technologically based platforms such as The Internet or Mobile
Devices. The companies now have a new means of funding through advertising (which is present on the websites in
image and video form) as well as through subscription pay-walls (which will often offer enticing features such as no
advertisements or exclusive content). These means of funding help make up for the encountered loss due to
diminishing magazine and newspaper sales.
• Moreover, another impact on traditional means of consumption is that of Social Media. This is because it provides
them with information instantly via networks such as Twitter and Facebook. This has a significant appeal to commuters
because of the convenience associated with these methods as it utilises a device that they already have and allows
them to access the content from pretty much anywhere (due to the advancements in Wireless Technologies).
Moreover, these technologies provide more in terms of interactivity with the media because of the ability to comment
and discuss certain issues that are prevalent in the world today (a need of which was difficult to fulfil with a
newspaper).
22. Technology Case Study: The Guardian Mobile App
• The Guardian Mobile App is an application available on numerous mobile
platforms including iOS and Android. The app allows the user to be able to catch
up on the latest news and current affairs from anywhere in the world.
• The app provides numerous features to the end-user including: Access to image
and video content (which wouldn’t otherwise be possible with conventional
media), The ability to comment (which allows for the fulfilment of the need of
social interaction – providing the user with gratification), and the ability to
customise their experience (which provides the user with gratification through the
ability to choose and control what they are able to see).
• Another feature which has been implemented is the ability to save articles to read
later. This is a useful feature for commuters on public transport – such as Metro
services – where there is often reduced access to data services. This helps entice
them to this platform because of the additional functionality which replaces their
need for media consumption via traditional sources (i.e. Newspapers).
23. The Guardian (iOS)
The images to the right showcase the
features available on The Guardian
mobile application. These include: Live
updates and Video Content.