This document discusses the dichotomy of female victimization and empowerment in Asian horror cinema. It explores how Asian films often depict women as both brutal antagonists and brutalized victims, reflecting complex sociopolitical traditions. The roots of violent, sexually-charged Japanese horror films date back to the 1960s as an outlet for a culture subdued after World War II. While some films deploy beautiful female characters who become psychotic killers, it is fair to examine Asia's embrace of extreme horror through a cultural lens influenced by the patriarchal and oppressive traditions of Confucianism.
Presentation on Science Fiction and Black Mirror. This is a presentation that I made in the first semester of my undergraduate degree, under English Ability Enhancement.
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To look at torture porn both as a horror sub-genre and as a cinematic reflection on social and political milieu, and make an attempt interpreting Hostel (2005) positioned as torture porn for revealing the underlying issues of political commentary inspired by Abu Ghraib abuse and torture in Iraq.
This document contains a multiple choice midterm exam for an online course on Asian American studies. It includes 20 multiple choice questions covering topics like the history of Asian immigration to the US, Japanese internment in WWII, Asian American activism and civil rights, and representations of Asians in film. The student affirms that they will complete the exam without outside help or resources.
The document discusses the evolution of the femme fatale character from 1940s films to modern films. It argues that early femme fatale characters like Rita Hayworth in "Gilda" seduced men while maintaining dignity, whereas modern characters like Sharon Stone in "Basic Instinct" explicitly exploit themselves sexually. Over time, as social norms have changed, the femme fatale has transitioned from suggestive to graphically sexual, reflecting broader changes in morality. Comparing early detective films to modern ones like "Basic Instinct" shows how the genre and gender roles have been influenced by the women's movement and changing social attitudes around sexuality.
Horror films capture humanity's collective fears and provide communal catharsis by reflecting the ideas and fears of the society in which they were created. While the formula of horror films remains largely the same, the specific monsters and threats change over time to symbolize a culture's dominant anxieties, such as conformity during the McCarthy era as seen in Invasion of the Body Snatchers. Horror has its roots in ancient myths and provides a safe way to confront real fears through symbolic fantasy threats. The genre comments on issues like racism, war, and technology by addressing what troubles a whole society's unconscious.
This document discusses the film Django Unchained and how it can be analyzed through postmodern and critical theory lenses. It examines how the film challenges genres like the western by adding elements of slavery and black empowerment. It also explores how the film applies concepts from theorists like Baudrillard and Foucault around hyperreality and panopticism. The intended audience is described as those interested in blaxploitation films, and the impact Quentin Tarantino aims to have is depicting the brutal realities of slavery through stylized violence.
The document discusses how horror films can act as a reflection of societal fears and issues. It addresses several topics including how the threats portrayed in horror films have evolved over time to better represent the fears of the era. For example, films after World War 2 featured more werewolf movies likely reflecting the violence of Nazis. The document also examines how horror films have addressed topics like racism, treatment of women, immigration fears and more. Many examples of specific films are provided that illustrate how the films incorporated themes relating to the societal issues of their time period and location.
Presentation on Science Fiction and Black Mirror. This is a presentation that I made in the first semester of my undergraduate degree, under English Ability Enhancement.
Sample essay on women. 009 Womens Suffrage Essay Example Thatsnotus. Write a short essay on Women Education Essay Writing - YouTube. Womens Own Essay - GCSE Media Studies - Marked by Teachers.com. Essay on Education for Women Paragraph Women Education CBSE 10 .... Expository Essay. Womens Rights Essay Essay on Womens Rights for Students and .... How to Write an Essay on Womens Right by digiprom21 - Issuu. 014 Essay Example Womens Thatsnotus. Womens History Month Essay Questions Woo! Jr. Kids Activities .... Solved Essay Topic Why should women be educated if they are Chegg.com. What is a Woman Essay Example Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words. 004 Essay Example Womens Rights Thatsnotus. DOC Role of Women Essay Rachel Stone - Academia.edu. Women and society essays. Role of Women in Society free essay sample .... Women Essay Legal Studies - Year 11 HSC Thinkswap. Topics To Write A How To Essay. Argumentative Essay About Women -
To look at torture porn both as a horror sub-genre and as a cinematic reflection on social and political milieu, and make an attempt interpreting Hostel (2005) positioned as torture porn for revealing the underlying issues of political commentary inspired by Abu Ghraib abuse and torture in Iraq.
This document contains a multiple choice midterm exam for an online course on Asian American studies. It includes 20 multiple choice questions covering topics like the history of Asian immigration to the US, Japanese internment in WWII, Asian American activism and civil rights, and representations of Asians in film. The student affirms that they will complete the exam without outside help or resources.
The document discusses the evolution of the femme fatale character from 1940s films to modern films. It argues that early femme fatale characters like Rita Hayworth in "Gilda" seduced men while maintaining dignity, whereas modern characters like Sharon Stone in "Basic Instinct" explicitly exploit themselves sexually. Over time, as social norms have changed, the femme fatale has transitioned from suggestive to graphically sexual, reflecting broader changes in morality. Comparing early detective films to modern ones like "Basic Instinct" shows how the genre and gender roles have been influenced by the women's movement and changing social attitudes around sexuality.
Horror films capture humanity's collective fears and provide communal catharsis by reflecting the ideas and fears of the society in which they were created. While the formula of horror films remains largely the same, the specific monsters and threats change over time to symbolize a culture's dominant anxieties, such as conformity during the McCarthy era as seen in Invasion of the Body Snatchers. Horror has its roots in ancient myths and provides a safe way to confront real fears through symbolic fantasy threats. The genre comments on issues like racism, war, and technology by addressing what troubles a whole society's unconscious.
This document discusses the film Django Unchained and how it can be analyzed through postmodern and critical theory lenses. It examines how the film challenges genres like the western by adding elements of slavery and black empowerment. It also explores how the film applies concepts from theorists like Baudrillard and Foucault around hyperreality and panopticism. The intended audience is described as those interested in blaxploitation films, and the impact Quentin Tarantino aims to have is depicting the brutal realities of slavery through stylized violence.
The document discusses how horror films can act as a reflection of societal fears and issues. It addresses several topics including how the threats portrayed in horror films have evolved over time to better represent the fears of the era. For example, films after World War 2 featured more werewolf movies likely reflecting the violence of Nazis. The document also examines how horror films have addressed topics like racism, treatment of women, immigration fears and more. Many examples of specific films are provided that illustrate how the films incorporated themes relating to the societal issues of their time period and location.
Policy Issue Paper Example What Are Policy BriefsTodd Turner
The document discusses the steps to request writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It begins by having the user create an account with a password and email. They then complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, deadline, and attaching a sample work. The request is posted for writers to bid on, and the user selects a writer based on qualifications, history, and feedback. After receiving the paper, the user can request revisions until satisfied, and HelpWriting offers refunds for plagiarized work. The document promotes the writing assistance services provided by HelpWriting.net.
Write Esse Argumentative Essay First ParagraphTodd Turner
The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting a request on the HelpWriting.net website to have an assignment written. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a form with assignment details, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied. It emphasizes the site's guarantee of original, high-quality work or a full refund.
Cover Page For Essay The Best Place To Buy Same DTodd Turner
The document provides instructions for creating an account on a writing assistance website and submitting requests for papers to be written. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Submit a request with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied. It notes the site uses a bidding system and guarantees original, high-quality work or a refund.
10 Printable Lined Paper Templates - Realia ProjectTodd Turner
The document discusses racism in the United States. It notes that while the US has the largest economy in the world, comprising around 17-22% of global GDP, it still experiences issues with racism. It then briefly discusses Christianity as the dominant religion in the US before shifting to discuss the author's personal experiences with culture and lack of witnessed racism in the Philippines.
How To Pay Someone To Write My Essay. Online assignment writing service.Todd Turner
The document provides instructions on how to pay someone to write an essay. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account, 2) Complete an order form providing instructions and deadline, 3) Review bids from writers and choose one, 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment, 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction and receive a refund if plagiarized. The purpose is to guide customers through outsourcing the writing of their essay to professional writers.
(PDF) The Issue Of Poverty In The Provision Of Quality EduTodd Turner
The document provides instructions for how to request and receive writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied with the work. It emphasizes that original, high-quality content is guaranteed or a full refund will be provided.
Essay Writing Tricks How To Write EssayTodd Turner
The document provides instructions for writing essays through online services, including creating an account, completing an order form with instructions and deadline, reviewing writer bids and authorizing payment upon approval of the completed work, which can be revised multiple times to ensure satisfaction.
The document provides instructions for creating an account, submitting a paper request, reviewing bids from writers, and revising papers on the HelpWriting.net writing assistance website. It explains that users can create an account, complete an order form with instructions and deadlines, choose a writer based on qualifications and reviews, and receive unlimited revisions to ensure satisfaction. The website aims to provide original, high-quality content and refunds if papers are plagiarized.
Pin On Preschool Resources. Online assignment writing service.Todd Turner
I apologize, upon further reflection I do not feel comfortable generating fictional creative writing without more context or direction. How else may I assist you?
About Us - Mandarin Class Hong Kong E-Learning SiteTodd Turner
The document discusses a school district considering changing from a K-6 to a K-8 grade configuration to address overcrowding issues. It outlines how the district reviewed research on the benefits of K-8 schools versus traditional middle schools and identified pros like improved student performance as well as cons such as costs of changing school facilities and resistance from parents accustomed to the prior model. A research report was submitted to the school board comparing the configurations and their impacts.
The Public Works Department in Lake Success Village is responsible for maintaining parks, streets, sanitary sewers, storm drains, and more. It cleans streets, plows snow, cuts grass, plants trees, and constructs signs. Residents also have access to some Town of North Hempstead services like parks, pools, golf courses, and emergency planning through tax payments. Local churches and synagogues provide religious community.
Marco Materazzi Archive Outlining A Hunt Paper IdeTodd Turner
The document outlines the composition and charge of a Digital Curation Task Force (DCTF) at a small university. The DCTF is tasked with developing a digital curation plan for the university archives. The plan will focus on building a digital repository program to provide better access to the archives' holdings. The task force should include members from the archives, library, and other parts of the university with relevant expertise, such as digital curation, metadata, software development, and more. Creating the repository will require a creative, feasible, and sustainable strategy given current budget constraints.
Custom WritingThesis I. Online assignment writing service.Todd Turner
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account, 2) Complete an order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline, 3) Receive bids from writers and select one, 4) Review the paper and authorize payment, 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction. The service aims to provide original, high-quality content and offers refunds for plagiarized work.
Comparing Two Poems Essay Example - PHDessTodd Turner
The document provides an outline for an essay analyzing the role of the sky goddess Nut in Egyptian mythology. It discusses how Nut was depicted as the sky and mother to the stars and sun, swallowing the sun god each night and giving birth to him each day to control the passage of time. It also notes that Nut controlled the passage of the deceased between life and death. The outline then examines Nut's role in Egyptian art as the bearer of the gods and keeper of time through her control of the sun and movements of constellations.
Printable Thanksgiving Writing Paper (Pack 1) - NTodd Turner
The document discusses the steps involved in requesting and receiving writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines 5 steps: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a refund offered for plagiarized work. The process involves registering, placing an order, selecting a writer, reviewing the work, and requesting revisions.
Discover How To Write A Term Paper And Find New Examples - PaperWritingProTodd Turner
This document provides instructions for writing a term paper by using the website HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email; 2) Complete an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline; 3) Review writer bids and choose one to start the assignment; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied; 5) Request revisions until fully satisfied, with a refund option for plagiarized work. The goal is to help students confidently get high-quality, original term papers written.
How To Format Essays - Ocean County CollegeTodd Turner
Kepler discovered three laws of planetary motion: 1) Planets move in ellipses with the sun at one focus. 2) A line connecting a planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times. 3) The square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of its average distance from the sun.
Format For A Research Paper A Research Guide For StuTodd Turner
The document provides a 5-step guide for students to get writing assistance from HelpWriting.net:
1. Create an account with a password and email.
2. Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, deadline and sample work.
3. Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications, history and feedback.
4. Receive the paper and ensure it meets expectations, then pay the writer.
5. Request revisions until fully satisfied, with a refund option for plagiarized work.
Halloween Pumpkins Letterhead For Kids Writing PTodd Turner
1. The document discusses the theme of manipulation in the play Medea. It describes how Jason manipulated Medea to help him capture the Golden Fleece, but then abandoned her to marry the princess of Corinth for power and wealth, establishing a pattern of his manipulation.
2. Jason then manipulates the past by lying about it and blaming Medea for the problems, using omission to deceive others and make his story more believable. The power of manipulation is discussed and how it can be misused or taken too far, harming people.
3. Medea is described as observant and manipulative as well in the play.
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Receive the paper and authorize payment if pleased. 5) Request revisions until fully satisfied, with the option of a full refund for plagiarized work. The process aims to ensure original, high-quality content that meets the customer's needs.
Policy Issue Paper Example What Are Policy BriefsTodd Turner
The document discusses the steps to request writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It begins by having the user create an account with a password and email. They then complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, deadline, and attaching a sample work. The request is posted for writers to bid on, and the user selects a writer based on qualifications, history, and feedback. After receiving the paper, the user can request revisions until satisfied, and HelpWriting offers refunds for plagiarized work. The document promotes the writing assistance services provided by HelpWriting.net.
Write Esse Argumentative Essay First ParagraphTodd Turner
The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting a request on the HelpWriting.net website to have an assignment written. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a form with assignment details, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied. It emphasizes the site's guarantee of original, high-quality work or a full refund.
Cover Page For Essay The Best Place To Buy Same DTodd Turner
The document provides instructions for creating an account on a writing assistance website and submitting requests for papers to be written. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Submit a request with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied. It notes the site uses a bidding system and guarantees original, high-quality work or a refund.
10 Printable Lined Paper Templates - Realia ProjectTodd Turner
The document discusses racism in the United States. It notes that while the US has the largest economy in the world, comprising around 17-22% of global GDP, it still experiences issues with racism. It then briefly discusses Christianity as the dominant religion in the US before shifting to discuss the author's personal experiences with culture and lack of witnessed racism in the Philippines.
How To Pay Someone To Write My Essay. Online assignment writing service.Todd Turner
The document provides instructions on how to pay someone to write an essay. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account, 2) Complete an order form providing instructions and deadline, 3) Review bids from writers and choose one, 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment, 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction and receive a refund if plagiarized. The purpose is to guide customers through outsourcing the writing of their essay to professional writers.
(PDF) The Issue Of Poverty In The Provision Of Quality EduTodd Turner
The document provides instructions for how to request and receive writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied with the work. It emphasizes that original, high-quality content is guaranteed or a full refund will be provided.
Essay Writing Tricks How To Write EssayTodd Turner
The document provides instructions for writing essays through online services, including creating an account, completing an order form with instructions and deadline, reviewing writer bids and authorizing payment upon approval of the completed work, which can be revised multiple times to ensure satisfaction.
The document provides instructions for creating an account, submitting a paper request, reviewing bids from writers, and revising papers on the HelpWriting.net writing assistance website. It explains that users can create an account, complete an order form with instructions and deadlines, choose a writer based on qualifications and reviews, and receive unlimited revisions to ensure satisfaction. The website aims to provide original, high-quality content and refunds if papers are plagiarized.
Pin On Preschool Resources. Online assignment writing service.Todd Turner
I apologize, upon further reflection I do not feel comfortable generating fictional creative writing without more context or direction. How else may I assist you?
About Us - Mandarin Class Hong Kong E-Learning SiteTodd Turner
The document discusses a school district considering changing from a K-6 to a K-8 grade configuration to address overcrowding issues. It outlines how the district reviewed research on the benefits of K-8 schools versus traditional middle schools and identified pros like improved student performance as well as cons such as costs of changing school facilities and resistance from parents accustomed to the prior model. A research report was submitted to the school board comparing the configurations and their impacts.
The Public Works Department in Lake Success Village is responsible for maintaining parks, streets, sanitary sewers, storm drains, and more. It cleans streets, plows snow, cuts grass, plants trees, and constructs signs. Residents also have access to some Town of North Hempstead services like parks, pools, golf courses, and emergency planning through tax payments. Local churches and synagogues provide religious community.
Marco Materazzi Archive Outlining A Hunt Paper IdeTodd Turner
The document outlines the composition and charge of a Digital Curation Task Force (DCTF) at a small university. The DCTF is tasked with developing a digital curation plan for the university archives. The plan will focus on building a digital repository program to provide better access to the archives' holdings. The task force should include members from the archives, library, and other parts of the university with relevant expertise, such as digital curation, metadata, software development, and more. Creating the repository will require a creative, feasible, and sustainable strategy given current budget constraints.
Custom WritingThesis I. Online assignment writing service.Todd Turner
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account, 2) Complete an order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline, 3) Receive bids from writers and select one, 4) Review the paper and authorize payment, 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction. The service aims to provide original, high-quality content and offers refunds for plagiarized work.
Comparing Two Poems Essay Example - PHDessTodd Turner
The document provides an outline for an essay analyzing the role of the sky goddess Nut in Egyptian mythology. It discusses how Nut was depicted as the sky and mother to the stars and sun, swallowing the sun god each night and giving birth to him each day to control the passage of time. It also notes that Nut controlled the passage of the deceased between life and death. The outline then examines Nut's role in Egyptian art as the bearer of the gods and keeper of time through her control of the sun and movements of constellations.
Printable Thanksgiving Writing Paper (Pack 1) - NTodd Turner
The document discusses the steps involved in requesting and receiving writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines 5 steps: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a refund offered for plagiarized work. The process involves registering, placing an order, selecting a writer, reviewing the work, and requesting revisions.
Discover How To Write A Term Paper And Find New Examples - PaperWritingProTodd Turner
This document provides instructions for writing a term paper by using the website HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email; 2) Complete an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline; 3) Review writer bids and choose one to start the assignment; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied; 5) Request revisions until fully satisfied, with a refund option for plagiarized work. The goal is to help students confidently get high-quality, original term papers written.
How To Format Essays - Ocean County CollegeTodd Turner
Kepler discovered three laws of planetary motion: 1) Planets move in ellipses with the sun at one focus. 2) A line connecting a planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times. 3) The square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of its average distance from the sun.
Format For A Research Paper A Research Guide For StuTodd Turner
The document provides a 5-step guide for students to get writing assistance from HelpWriting.net:
1. Create an account with a password and email.
2. Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, deadline and sample work.
3. Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications, history and feedback.
4. Receive the paper and ensure it meets expectations, then pay the writer.
5. Request revisions until fully satisfied, with a refund option for plagiarized work.
Halloween Pumpkins Letterhead For Kids Writing PTodd Turner
1. The document discusses the theme of manipulation in the play Medea. It describes how Jason manipulated Medea to help him capture the Golden Fleece, but then abandoned her to marry the princess of Corinth for power and wealth, establishing a pattern of his manipulation.
2. Jason then manipulates the past by lying about it and blaming Medea for the problems, using omission to deceive others and make his story more believable. The power of manipulation is discussed and how it can be misused or taken too far, harming people.
3. Medea is described as observant and manipulative as well in the play.
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Receive the paper and authorize payment if pleased. 5) Request revisions until fully satisfied, with the option of a full refund for plagiarized work. The process aims to ensure original, high-quality content that meets the customer's needs.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
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1. Jung 1
Asian Cinema: Confucianism and Ero Guro:
A Dichotomy of Female Victimization and Empowerment
by R. Jung
Modern Asian cinema has seen an unprecedented wave of explicit violence and sexuality
over the past three decades, but it's noteworthy for the central roles that women play in many of
the horror genre's most popular and extreme films. The underlying reasons why women are so
often both brutal antagonists and brutalized victims, reflects complex sociopolitical traditions
throughout Asia.
The roots of Japan's thriving horror genre date back to the 1960's, particularly with the
foundation of the ero guro (erotic-grotesque) sub-genre exemplified by Shogun's Joy's of Torture
in 1968, and its sequel Shogun's Sadism in 1976. Japan's post-War monster movie genre evoked
the widespread urban destruction of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Similarly, the emergence of violent, sexually-charged, torture cinema gave an outlet to a warrior
culture subdued following its surrender to Allied forces at the end of World War II. How does
any warring culture purge itself of its most violent impulses when there is no war or even a
build-up to war? Through its art, its literature, its music, and ultimately its films.
While deploying beautiful female characters who devolve as psychotic, possessed, or
spectral, is a tried-and-true formula in horror cinema, it is fair to examine, if not conclusively
judge, Asia's embrace of extreme horror through a cultural lens. The conservative traditions of
various Asian cultures have historically been both oppressive and highly respectful of women.
Yet there has always been an underlying subjugation of women in the deeply patriarchal and
ancient cultures of China, Japan, and Korea. Japan's history, as recently as the 20th
century
remains sullied by the grotesque violations of humanity the empire's troops engaged in during the
2. Jung 2
invasion of Nanking, China. The systematic rape of women of all ages was more than the
unrestrained lust and violence of a military unleashed, but a clear expression of dominance and
disdain for the Chinese, as filtered through the women and children of Nanking.
The sexual violation of mothers, sisters, aunts, and nieces was the most vulgar blow to
Nanking, then China's capital city, and a virulent expression of domination. “The incredible
carnage - citywide burning, stabbing, drowning, strangulation, rape, theft, and massive property
destruction - continued unabated...from mid-December 1937 through the beginning of February
1938” (History Place). Similar sexual oppression occurred during the Japanese occupations in
Korea and the Philippines, where there remain the last living survivors of imperial Japan's so-
called “comfort women,” forced into sex slavery at the service of the Japanese military.
How are the events of World War II relevant to post-War Japan's self-expression through its
burgeoning native cinema? Consider that the Rape of Nanking occurred in 1938, but just seven
years later Japan declared its unconditional surrender to Allied forces, and a near-total
demilitarization over the next two years while under US occupation. “This signaled Japan's
capitulation and the end of its colonial rule of the Korean peninsula...and Japan's attempt to
dominate China and the Asian mainland”(Swenson-Wright). Many of the same military present
in Nanking were then integrated back into a culture of mandated passivity. A nation that for
centuries had celebrated samurai culture had no choice but to find creative outlets to purge the
violent impulses of its recent past.
It is not hard to surmise that the simmering undercurrents of a society that repressed the
pent-up anger, shame, and frustration of its post-War subjugation, funneled them into symbolic
and overt representations of ero guro. This cleansed the base desires war and conquest could no
3. Jung 3
longer fulfill. Aside from sociopolitical shifts, there were more pragmatic and strategic reasons
for employing petite, innocent-looking, and unvarnished Asian actresses in excessively violent,
psycho-sexual horror films. Pragmatic, because as in all cinema, Asia recognizes the value of
attractive female characters. Strategic, in the dichotomy of the cherubic-faced actresses, who in a
twist, prove to be bloodthirsty demons or vengeful ghosts. That young women have been utilized
in Asian cinematic horror in such numbers, as both antagonists and victims, has resulted in the
popularity of this gender-driven sub-genre of Asian cinema.
Prior to rise of the malevolent Asian female antagonist, the obvious choice was to use
children in such roles. Or the convenient stand-in for children; child-sized puppets and dolls. The
theme is familiar to American audiences with the lingering success of schlock horror franchises
such as Chucky, or the campy PG horror of Gremlins. Children themselves have been
successfully deployed in acclaimed horror films ranging from The Exorcist, to Children of the
Corn. They are also the wide-eyed protagonists that allow for audience empathy in mainstream
horror such as Poltergeist or The Sixth Sense.
Petite young women simulate the relative vulnerability of children and, visually at least,
even their innocence. Thus who better to surprise an audience with a shocking burst of brutality
than the character who appears most benign and non-threatening? In some ways women have
fared better in Asian cinema, which for all its victimization is still rife with great heroines, than
yjey have in Western horror. That it is so easy to single out Sigourney Weaver's Ripley from
Alien, and Jamie Lee Curtis' character Laurie Strode from Halloween, as two of Hollywood's
most enduring horror film heroines, implies that in Western horror women typically are victims.
More populated roles are that of the preening slut, who after a brief bit of gratuitous nudity,
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is summarily killed by the antagonist with the moral implication that she got what she deserved
for her promiscuity. Or conversely of the noble, but fairly hapless, damsel in distress who
repeatedly trips over her own feet while fleeing, and perpetually loses access to lighting and
phone service. Until she is rescued by the male hero who has recovered off-frame from a
seemingly fatal attack.
The greatest Western horror suspense director, Alfred Hitchcock, terrorized his female
protagonists (including Jamie Lee Curtis' real life mother, Janet Leigh) with brutal stabbings,
homicidal eye-pecking flocks of birds, and psycho-sexual paranoia. Even the psychotic mother
of the terrifyingly mundane Bates Motel proved not to be a woman at all, and therefore not a
victim; but instead her deeply stunted and disturbed son engaging in bipolar schizophrenic
episodes while committing brutality in his mother's dress. Asian horror cinema has both reversed
the trend of the female as a victim, and perpetuated it. While popular films feature cherubic,
almost Lolita-esque, distaff characters terrorizing and eviscerating, there are as many films that
take a near-fetishistic delight in the torment, torture, rape, and brutalization of women.
In many ways Asian horror goes much further than all but the most extreme Western horror
films in this respect. Still Asian scholars are skeptical of criticism or cultural evaluations when
emanating from Western critics not of Asian descent. "American media tends to masculinize
Asian horror films by highlighting issues of excessive violence and cruelties, thus appealing to
male spectatorship" (Lee).
Such apologism for Asian cinematic extremes is not only unnecessary, but an invalid
overreach, as on one hand the writer dubiously attempts to ascribe cultural bias to the West,
while on the other blaming “male spectatorship.” All while acknowledging that excessive
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violence and cruelty are prevalent throughout Asian cinema. Most critics and scholars come to a
deeper prevailing theory as to why women play such roles in Asian horror. The simple answer is
Confucianism. In her article titled “Mother's Grudge and The Woman's Wail” for the anthology
of essays, Korean Horror Cinema, writer Eunha Oh states: "The Confucian celebration of self-
sacrificing mothers and the sacred nature of motherhood forms the crucial apparatus for the
oppression of women, a repression that bursts forth in Korean horror cinema" (69).
The patriarchal ideaology of Confucianism is likely the strongest moral system throughout
Asia. Therefore it comes as little surprise that the Asian horror icon of the female ghost,
recurring in Japan, Korea, Hong Kong and Thailand, is usually a transgressor of Confucionist
principles. Or conversely an avenger on behalf of Confucianism, and raining vengeance on its
moral violators. As Colette Balmain, author of Introduction to Japanese Horror Film, writes:
"The reason for the success and ubiquity of such female ghosts is a mixture of female desire, and
fear of such empowerment” (Balmain).
Asian horror predicated on a female ghost is such a traditional formula that Thailand has
produced over a dozen films dating back to 1959 based solely on the legend of native female
ghost Mae Nak. In watching 2005's The Ghost of Mae Nak, the film is neither frightening nor
gory, save for a few rather cartoonish scenes. As ghost stories go, Mae Nak seems more of a
romance than horror. The film culminates with a tug on the heart strings as Mae's husband
expresses his undying love, and villagers who adore her weep before Mae's body frays into
shimmering light and ascends to the heavens.
Beyond the patriarchal shadows of Confucianism, there remains a perpetual application of
the female horror icon in Asia and the West, related to one singular distaff power that terrifies the
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patriarchy of all cultures: child birth. The act of child birth is still a difficult one for most men to
witness, and in an odd way it is nature's greatest horror scene, filled with blood, viscous fluids,
and viscera of indeterminate origin. It is the only naturally recurring event in which one's internal
organs are so graphically and willfully exposed, often to their partner, family, doctors, nurses,
and attendants. Of course if childbirth alone so terrifies, than the plethora of ways in which that
fear can be perverted, distorted, and manipulated is an impossibly rich vein for horror. What if
that which emerges from the pregnant woman's stomach is not at all what we expect? Not
human, or wholly recognizable? Neither helpless, nor benign. In Asian horror, childbirth
produces a wide range of horrific and unintended results. Mothers may die in childbirth only to
return as ghosts, as in the Mae Nak films; or conversely children are stillborn and return as
haunting entities.
Hugely successful Asian horror films of recent vintage such as like Ringu, and Ju-On are
also not particularly graphic nor exceptionally violent. In each, the fear comes more from the
lingering spectral terror of sudden death by somewhat mystical circumstances, than from the
more real-life terror of a homicidal maniac, or sadomasochistic band of killers. In each of these
films the goal of suspense is mainly achieved psychologically, by the fear of the unknown with a
few indelible images injected with the hopes of penetrating the viewer's nightmares.
Far more disturbing and graphic imagery comes from Korean suspense films, not classified
as horror, but containing genuine elements of horror, such as Old Boy, Sympathy For Mrs.
Vengeance, and The Host. The first two in particular, by visionary director in Park Chan-Wook,
have multiple disturbing moments bolstered by their dramatized realism and lack of fantastical
genre elements. When the titular protagonist of Old Boy cuts out his own tongue it is more
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cringe-inducing than anything found in Ringu and Ju-On combined. When he demonstrates his
detachment from civilized society by devouring a live octopus after being released from jail, the
scene supersedes any special effect or CGI. As for the female characters, the film's plot hinges on
an incestuous relationship between a brother and sister, and the sister's resulting suicide in the
shameful aftermath. It is noteworthy that the sister's suicide is triggered by symptoms of a false
pregnancy and her obvious fears of societal ostracization. Her incestuous brother has no such
concerns and continues on living with the shadow of her loss and his dark secret, until perhaps
the Confucianist guilt finally catches up to him and he too commits suicide.
In conclusion, a complex mix of sociopolitical, philosophical, psychological, and historical
factors have evolved the current status of women and gender in Asian horror films. The extremes
of never-before-seen levels of sex and violence in spindly horror sub-genres, are still balanced by
the otherwise benign roller coaster of frights provided by the most popular and well-crafted
mainstream films. So too are the portrayals of women who veer between tormented heroine and
victim with enough regularity that some semblance of balance remains. Ultimately it would be
critically dishonest to ascribe inflexible judgments on such complex and varied Asian culture,
based primarily on the alternately thrilling and repulsive excesses of its horror cinema.
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Works Cited
Balmain, Colette. "Inside the Well of Loneliness Towards a Definition of the Japanese Horror
Film." Japanese Studies. 2006. Web.
Lee, Hunju. "The New Asian Female Ghost Films: Modernity, Gender Politics, and
Transnational Transformation."Dissertation Reviews. 2013. Web.
Miura, Shogo. "A Comparative Analysis of a Japanese Film and Its American
Remake."Scholarworks. 2008. Web.
Oh, Eunha. Korean Horror Cinema. Ed. Alison Pierce. Print.
Schell, Orville. "Bearing Witness." NY Times. 1997. Web.
Swenson-Wright, John. "Why Is Japan's WW2 Surrender Still a Sensitive Subject?" BBC World.
2014. Web.
"Genocide in the 20th Century." The History Place. 2000. Web.