A bank is a financial institution that creates money by lending money to borrowers, generating corresponding deposits on its balance sheet. Cash books and pass books are accounting records used by banks and customers. A bank reconciliation statement reconciles the balance in a cash book to the balance in a pass book, accounting for discrepancies like outstanding deposits or checks. Common reconciling items include checks that have been deposited but not cleared, checks issued but not cashed, bank charges, interest earned, and direct payments made by the bank.
Here is the bank reconciliation statement presented to show the overdraft balance:
- Begin with the overdraft balance per the cash book
- Add any items that increase the overdraft
- Deduct any items that decrease the overdraft
- End with the overdraft balance per the bank statement
This presentation clearly shows the bank overdraft position.
Group 2's bank reconciliation statement topic covers the definition of a bank reconciliation as explaining differences between a cash book and bank statement balances. It defines a cash book as recording all cash receipts and payments, while a bank statement is issued monthly listing transactions and the account balance. Common reconciling items include unpresented cheques, deposit transit cheques, service charges, dishonored cheques, interest allowed, and miscellaneous bank charges and credits.
This document discusses bank reconciliation statements. It defines a bank reconciliation statement as a schedule that reconciles any differences between the bank balance shown on the bank statement and the cash book. The document outlines reasons for differences between the two balances, including unpresented checks, uncredited deposits, and bank charges. It provides rules for debiting and crediting items in a bank reconciliation statement and steps to prepare the reconciliation, including identifying omitted transactions and adjusting entries to make the balances agree.
Monetary policy aims to control the money supply and credit in an economy to achieve objectives like full employment, investment growth, price stability, and balanced trade. Central banks use quantitative tools like bank rates, open market operations, and reserve requirements as well as qualitative tools like margin requirements and moral persuasion to influence monetary conditions. Economic indicators provide statistical data on the current state of the economy and can be leading, coincident, or lagging based on whether they change before, with, or after the overall economy. Coincident indicators reflect present conditions while leading indicators predict future performance and lagging indicators trail overall economic changes.
The document discusses the concept of goodwill in business valuation. It defines goodwill as the favorable reputation and brand name of a business that generates profits year after year. Factors that contribute to goodwill are good public relations, regular customers, quality maintenance, management skills, location, and employee relations. Methods discussed to value goodwill include the average profits method, super profits method, and capitalization method. The average profits and capitalization methods involve calculating average or super profits and capitalizing them based on a normal rate of return to determine goodwill value.
The document describes journal entries, ledger accounts, and a trial balance for a business called Campus Laundromat. It provides details of transactions during the first month of operations in September 2017, including an owner investment of $20,000 cash, $1,000 paid for rent, $1,200 paid for insurance, and $700 withdrawn for personal use. Journal entries are made for each transaction and ledger accounts are opened and balanced. A trial balance at September 30, 2017 lists the balances of each account.
The document discusses the key aspects of a cash book, which is used to record all cash receipts and payments. It notes that a cash book has two parts - cash receipts and cash payments. Transactions are recorded chronologically with receipts on the debit side and payments on the credit side. The cash book serves as both a journal and ledger. It allows the business owner to ascertain cash and bank balances without physically counting amounts. The document also discusses features of double-column and triple-column cash books, which include additional columns for discounts, and contra entries that affect both cash and bank balances.
A bank is a financial institution that creates money by lending money to borrowers, generating corresponding deposits on its balance sheet. Cash books and pass books are accounting records used by banks and customers. A bank reconciliation statement reconciles the balance in a cash book to the balance in a pass book, accounting for discrepancies like outstanding deposits or checks. Common reconciling items include checks that have been deposited but not cleared, checks issued but not cashed, bank charges, interest earned, and direct payments made by the bank.
Here is the bank reconciliation statement presented to show the overdraft balance:
- Begin with the overdraft balance per the cash book
- Add any items that increase the overdraft
- Deduct any items that decrease the overdraft
- End with the overdraft balance per the bank statement
This presentation clearly shows the bank overdraft position.
Group 2's bank reconciliation statement topic covers the definition of a bank reconciliation as explaining differences between a cash book and bank statement balances. It defines a cash book as recording all cash receipts and payments, while a bank statement is issued monthly listing transactions and the account balance. Common reconciling items include unpresented cheques, deposit transit cheques, service charges, dishonored cheques, interest allowed, and miscellaneous bank charges and credits.
This document discusses bank reconciliation statements. It defines a bank reconciliation statement as a schedule that reconciles any differences between the bank balance shown on the bank statement and the cash book. The document outlines reasons for differences between the two balances, including unpresented checks, uncredited deposits, and bank charges. It provides rules for debiting and crediting items in a bank reconciliation statement and steps to prepare the reconciliation, including identifying omitted transactions and adjusting entries to make the balances agree.
Monetary policy aims to control the money supply and credit in an economy to achieve objectives like full employment, investment growth, price stability, and balanced trade. Central banks use quantitative tools like bank rates, open market operations, and reserve requirements as well as qualitative tools like margin requirements and moral persuasion to influence monetary conditions. Economic indicators provide statistical data on the current state of the economy and can be leading, coincident, or lagging based on whether they change before, with, or after the overall economy. Coincident indicators reflect present conditions while leading indicators predict future performance and lagging indicators trail overall economic changes.
The document discusses the concept of goodwill in business valuation. It defines goodwill as the favorable reputation and brand name of a business that generates profits year after year. Factors that contribute to goodwill are good public relations, regular customers, quality maintenance, management skills, location, and employee relations. Methods discussed to value goodwill include the average profits method, super profits method, and capitalization method. The average profits and capitalization methods involve calculating average or super profits and capitalizing them based on a normal rate of return to determine goodwill value.
The document describes journal entries, ledger accounts, and a trial balance for a business called Campus Laundromat. It provides details of transactions during the first month of operations in September 2017, including an owner investment of $20,000 cash, $1,000 paid for rent, $1,200 paid for insurance, and $700 withdrawn for personal use. Journal entries are made for each transaction and ledger accounts are opened and balanced. A trial balance at September 30, 2017 lists the balances of each account.
The document discusses the key aspects of a cash book, which is used to record all cash receipts and payments. It notes that a cash book has two parts - cash receipts and cash payments. Transactions are recorded chronologically with receipts on the debit side and payments on the credit side. The cash book serves as both a journal and ledger. It allows the business owner to ascertain cash and bank balances without physically counting amounts. The document also discusses features of double-column and triple-column cash books, which include additional columns for discounts, and contra entries that affect both cash and bank balances.
The document discusses the concept of the multiplier, which was originally developed by F.A. Kahn in the 1930s and later refined by Keynes. It refers to the increase in total income and output that results from an initial increase in investment or spending. The multiplier effect occurs as the initial spending works its way through the economy via subsequent rounds of spending. The value of the multiplier depends on the marginal propensity to consume and is calculated as 1/(1-MPC). The document also discusses static versus dynamic multipliers and the assumptions and limitations of the multiplier model.
This document provides information about economics and accounting coaching classes offered by Khalid Aziz. It lists the subjects covered such as microeconomics, macroeconomics, statistics, financial accounting, and cost accounting. Contact details are provided at the end.
The document summarizes journal and ledger posting concepts and procedures. It provides examples of journal entries for capital contributions by partners and transactions involving cash, purchases, sales, and other accounts. It then explains the key aspects of ledger accounts including their format and the posting process to transfer journal entries to respective accounts in the ledger. Procedures for compound journal entries and advantages of the ledger are also outlined.
The document provides information about bank reconciliation statements including:
- Definitions of cash book, bank statement, and bank reconciliation statement
- Differences that can arise between cash book and bank statement balances due to timing or errors
- Features and importance of preparing bank reconciliation statements
- Examples of bank reconciliation statements that reconcile the cash book and bank statement balances through adjustments for outstanding transactions and errors
The document discusses journal entries in accounting. It defines a journal as a chronological list of all business transactions that identifies the affected accounts, applies debit and credit rules, and records the transaction description. It provides examples of journal entries for various common transactions like starting a business, purchasing goods or assets, paying expenses, and withdrawing cash. For each transaction, it identifies the involved accounts, classifies them as personal, real or nominal, and applies the relevant debit and credit rules to record the transaction in journal entry format.
Journal is the book of original entry that records business transactions chronologically with brief descriptions. It uses double-entry accounting with equal debit and credit entries. Transactions are then posted from the journal to individual accounts in the general ledger to update account balances. An opening entry is made to transfer balances from the previous accounting period.
This document proposes a cash book project and provides details about cash books. It discusses the features, objectives, and types of cash books. The main types are simple cash book, double column cash book, triple column cash book, and petty cash book. Simple cash books record receipts on the debit side and payments on the credit side. Double and triple column cash books add additional columns for discounts and bank transactions. The purpose of cash books is to keep accurate records of cash receipts and payments.
Business transactions involve the exchange of value, such as goods or services for money, between two or more entities. There are two main types of transactions: cash transactions involving an exchange of cash, and credit transactions where payment is promised at a future date. Capital refers to the value invested in a business by its owner, while drawings refer to amounts withdrawn by the owner. Assets are items owned by a business that have value, and liabilities are amounts owed to outside parties. Revenue is the income generated from sales or services, while expenses are costs incurred to generate that revenue.
This document defines and explains the bank reconciliation statement. [1] It reconciles the differences between the bank balance shown in a business's cash book and the balance in their bank statement or passbook. [2] Common causes of differences include outstanding checks and deposits, as well as bank charges and interest that have been applied. [3] Preparing the reconciliation statement regularly helps ensure accurate accounting records and identifies potential errors or fraud.
The document summarizes India's balance of payments (BOP) over several years. It finds that:
1. India's trade balance has consistently been in deficit as imports have exceeded exports. Imports of petroleum products in particular have increased steadily.
2. The current account, which includes both visible and invisible items, recorded deficits from 1990-2001 but surpluses in 2003-2004 and 2005-2006. Invisibles like services and remittances have helped cover trade deficits.
3. Capital account has remained positive due to large inflows of foreign direct investment, foreign institutional investment, and deposits from non-resident Indians. Foreign exchange reserves have fluctuated depending on current and capital accounts.
This document presents an overview of accounting principles for a group project. It discusses key assumptions like the monetary unit assumption, economic entity assumption, and time period assumption. It also covers important principles such as revenue recognition, matching, full disclosure, cost, and conservatism. Examples are provided to illustrate how each concept is applied. The document is intended to explore the basic guidelines that underlie the development of specific accounting rules and standards.
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
Email: arguni.hasnain@gmail.com
Follow Me:
Linkedin: arguni_hasnain
Instagram : arguni.hasnain
Facebook: arguni.hasnain
know the Importance and Need of Bank Reconciliation Statement.
Understand the Causes for Disagreement between Cash Book and Pass Book Balances.
Prepare Bank Reconciliation Statement.
The document discusses bank reconciliation statements. It explains that a bank reconciliation statement is prepared to reconcile differences between a business's bank balance recorded in their cash book and the balance shown on their bank statement. Reasons for differences include outstanding checks, deposited funds not cleared, bank charges, and errors. To prepare the reconciliation statement, items increasing one balance are added and items decreasing it are subtracted. This reconciles the two balances and identifies outstanding transactions.
Askari Bank is a commercial bank in Pakistan that was founded in 1991 and acquired by Fauji Group in 2013. It has expanded to around 250 branches nationwide and an offshore banking unit in Bahrain. The document discusses clearing processes between banks, including inward and outward clearing of checks. It describes the role of the National Institutional Facilitation Technology (NIFT) in facilitating automated check clearing and settlement between banks through centralized processing. Key steps in inward and outward check clearing processes are outlined.
The document discusses bank reconciliation statements, including:
- The objective is to understand pass books, cash books, reconciliation statements, and reasons for differences between the two records.
- Reasons for differences can include transactions not recorded in one book, delays in processing checks, or human errors.
- A bank reconciliation statement reconciles the balances in the cash book and pass book and identifies the causes of any differences.
The golden rules in accounting or rules of debit and creditkaslinsas
Journal Entries cannot be recorded without some rules. The rules which are used to record a journal entry are called Golden rules of Accounting. It means debit the person who receives something from the business
The document discusses the concept of the multiplier, which was originally developed by F.A. Kahn in the 1930s and later refined by Keynes. It refers to the increase in total income and output that results from an initial increase in investment or spending. The multiplier effect occurs as the initial spending works its way through the economy via subsequent rounds of spending. The value of the multiplier depends on the marginal propensity to consume and is calculated as 1/(1-MPC). The document also discusses static versus dynamic multipliers and the assumptions and limitations of the multiplier model.
This document provides information about economics and accounting coaching classes offered by Khalid Aziz. It lists the subjects covered such as microeconomics, macroeconomics, statistics, financial accounting, and cost accounting. Contact details are provided at the end.
The document summarizes journal and ledger posting concepts and procedures. It provides examples of journal entries for capital contributions by partners and transactions involving cash, purchases, sales, and other accounts. It then explains the key aspects of ledger accounts including their format and the posting process to transfer journal entries to respective accounts in the ledger. Procedures for compound journal entries and advantages of the ledger are also outlined.
The document provides information about bank reconciliation statements including:
- Definitions of cash book, bank statement, and bank reconciliation statement
- Differences that can arise between cash book and bank statement balances due to timing or errors
- Features and importance of preparing bank reconciliation statements
- Examples of bank reconciliation statements that reconcile the cash book and bank statement balances through adjustments for outstanding transactions and errors
The document discusses journal entries in accounting. It defines a journal as a chronological list of all business transactions that identifies the affected accounts, applies debit and credit rules, and records the transaction description. It provides examples of journal entries for various common transactions like starting a business, purchasing goods or assets, paying expenses, and withdrawing cash. For each transaction, it identifies the involved accounts, classifies them as personal, real or nominal, and applies the relevant debit and credit rules to record the transaction in journal entry format.
Journal is the book of original entry that records business transactions chronologically with brief descriptions. It uses double-entry accounting with equal debit and credit entries. Transactions are then posted from the journal to individual accounts in the general ledger to update account balances. An opening entry is made to transfer balances from the previous accounting period.
This document proposes a cash book project and provides details about cash books. It discusses the features, objectives, and types of cash books. The main types are simple cash book, double column cash book, triple column cash book, and petty cash book. Simple cash books record receipts on the debit side and payments on the credit side. Double and triple column cash books add additional columns for discounts and bank transactions. The purpose of cash books is to keep accurate records of cash receipts and payments.
Business transactions involve the exchange of value, such as goods or services for money, between two or more entities. There are two main types of transactions: cash transactions involving an exchange of cash, and credit transactions where payment is promised at a future date. Capital refers to the value invested in a business by its owner, while drawings refer to amounts withdrawn by the owner. Assets are items owned by a business that have value, and liabilities are amounts owed to outside parties. Revenue is the income generated from sales or services, while expenses are costs incurred to generate that revenue.
This document defines and explains the bank reconciliation statement. [1] It reconciles the differences between the bank balance shown in a business's cash book and the balance in their bank statement or passbook. [2] Common causes of differences include outstanding checks and deposits, as well as bank charges and interest that have been applied. [3] Preparing the reconciliation statement regularly helps ensure accurate accounting records and identifies potential errors or fraud.
The document summarizes India's balance of payments (BOP) over several years. It finds that:
1. India's trade balance has consistently been in deficit as imports have exceeded exports. Imports of petroleum products in particular have increased steadily.
2. The current account, which includes both visible and invisible items, recorded deficits from 1990-2001 but surpluses in 2003-2004 and 2005-2006. Invisibles like services and remittances have helped cover trade deficits.
3. Capital account has remained positive due to large inflows of foreign direct investment, foreign institutional investment, and deposits from non-resident Indians. Foreign exchange reserves have fluctuated depending on current and capital accounts.
This document presents an overview of accounting principles for a group project. It discusses key assumptions like the monetary unit assumption, economic entity assumption, and time period assumption. It also covers important principles such as revenue recognition, matching, full disclosure, cost, and conservatism. Examples are provided to illustrate how each concept is applied. The document is intended to explore the basic guidelines that underlie the development of specific accounting rules and standards.
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
Email: arguni.hasnain@gmail.com
Follow Me:
Linkedin: arguni_hasnain
Instagram : arguni.hasnain
Facebook: arguni.hasnain
know the Importance and Need of Bank Reconciliation Statement.
Understand the Causes for Disagreement between Cash Book and Pass Book Balances.
Prepare Bank Reconciliation Statement.
The document discusses bank reconciliation statements. It explains that a bank reconciliation statement is prepared to reconcile differences between a business's bank balance recorded in their cash book and the balance shown on their bank statement. Reasons for differences include outstanding checks, deposited funds not cleared, bank charges, and errors. To prepare the reconciliation statement, items increasing one balance are added and items decreasing it are subtracted. This reconciles the two balances and identifies outstanding transactions.
Askari Bank is a commercial bank in Pakistan that was founded in 1991 and acquired by Fauji Group in 2013. It has expanded to around 250 branches nationwide and an offshore banking unit in Bahrain. The document discusses clearing processes between banks, including inward and outward clearing of checks. It describes the role of the National Institutional Facilitation Technology (NIFT) in facilitating automated check clearing and settlement between banks through centralized processing. Key steps in inward and outward check clearing processes are outlined.
The document discusses bank reconciliation statements, including:
- The objective is to understand pass books, cash books, reconciliation statements, and reasons for differences between the two records.
- Reasons for differences can include transactions not recorded in one book, delays in processing checks, or human errors.
- A bank reconciliation statement reconciles the balances in the cash book and pass book and identifies the causes of any differences.
The golden rules in accounting or rules of debit and creditkaslinsas
Journal Entries cannot be recorded without some rules. The rules which are used to record a journal entry are called Golden rules of Accounting. It means debit the person who receives something from the business
2. (Balance of Payment)
“The balance of payment of a country is a systematic record of all economic
transactions (i.e. transactions in goods, services and assets) between the
residents of a country and the rest of the world, during a year.”
भुगतान शेष
एक देश का भुगतान शेष उस देश के ननवाससयों
तथा ववदेशी देश के ननवाससयों के बीच में ककए गए
सभी आर्थिक सौदौं का क्रमबद्ध लेखा है |
3. Accounts of Balance of payment
(भुगतान शेष के खाते )
Current Account (चालू खाता)
Capital Account (पूूंजी खाता)
Official Reserves Account(सरकारी कोष खाता)
4. Current Account
“Transactions relating to trade in goods and services and transfer payments constitute
the current account.”
It records inflows and outflows of foreign
exchange relating to current transactions of goods,
services and unilateral transfers.
चालू खाता (i) वस्तुओूं के ननयाित(X) एवूं आयात(M) ,(ii)
सेवाओूं के ननयाित एवूं आयात तथा (iii) चालू हस्ताूंतर ों का
ररकॉर्ि रखता है।
5. Components of Current Account
1. Visual trade-It includes the exports and imports
of all physical goods.
दृश्य मदों का व्यापार – इस व्यापार से आसय भौनतक वस्तुओूं के
आयात एवूं ननयाित से है।
The difference in the value of exports and imports of
goods is called as trade balance. Therefore –
Trade balance(व्यापार संतुलन )
Balanced (if Imports = Exports) संतुलन
Surplus (if Imports < Exports) आधिक्य
Deficit (if Imports > Exports) घाटा
6. 2.Invisible Trade – Trade in services is called invisible
trade. Because they can not be seen to cross national
borders. It can be divided in to two follwing sub-groups:
2.Invisible
Trade
Factor
Income
Non factor
Income
7. अदृश्य मदों का व्यापार- सेवायें के ननयाित एवूं आयात को कहते
हैं।
क्योंकक यह सीमाओूं को पार करते समय नहीूं ददखता है।
सेवाओं को आगे ववभाजित ककया गया है :-
गैर-कारक आयकारक आय
अदृश्य मदों का
व्यापार
8. 3.Transfer Payments – Transfer payments refer to those receipts or
payments which take place without getting any thing in return.
These payments includes unilateral transfers like
foreign gifts, donations, military aid, and foreign
assistance. Transfer payments are of two types: (i)
official transfer payments given by foreign
governments. (ii) private transfer payments given
by the foreign residents.
9. 3. हसतांतरण भुगतान – हस्ताूंतर भुगतान से असभप्राय ऐशे
भुगतान से है जो बबना ककसी प्राप्ती के ककया जाता है ।
यह उपहार , अनुदान एवूं कमिचाररयों द्वारा भेजी गई रासश के
रुप में एक-पक्षीय अूंतर हैं।
हस्ताूंतर भुगतान दो प्रकार के होते हैं:-
1. कायाालय हसतांतरण भुगतान ( ववदेशी सरकार)
2. ननिी हसतांतरण भुगतान (ववदेशी ननवासी)
10. Capital account – Capital account represents
international capital transactions which includes sale
and purchase of assets such as bonds, equities, lands
and bank accounts etc.
पंिी खाता- पूूंजी खाता वह खाता है जो एक देश के ननवाससयों
एवूं शेष ववश्व के ननवाससयों के द्वारा ककये गए उन सभी लेन-
देनों को ररकॉर्ि करता है जजनसे पररसम्पवियों के स्वासमत्व में
पररवतिन होता है।
12. Difference Between Current account and
Capital account
1. Current account deals with payments for currently
produced goods and services. On the other hand
capital account deals with international sale and
purchase of assets.
2. Current account has a direct influence on the level
of national income. On the other hand capital
account influences the volume of assets which a
country holds.
3. Current account includes all items of a flow nature,
hence current account is a flow concept. On the
other hand capital account includes all items
expressing changes in stocks, hence it is a stock
concept.
13. चालू खाता और पूूंजी खाता में अूंतर
चालू खाता वतिमान में वस्तुओूं और सेवाओूं पर ककये गए व्यय
एवूं भुगतान से सम्बूंर्धत हैं । दूसरी तरफ पूूंजी खाता का
तात्पयि ववदेशों में सम्पनतयों के क्रय एवूं ववक्रय से है।
चालू खाता राष्ट्रीय आये पर प्रत्यक्ष प्रभाव र्ालता है, दूसरी
तरफ पूूंजी खाता देश के सम्पनतयों के मात्रा को प्रभाववत करता
है
चालू खाता प्रवाह प्रकृ नत का होता है, इससलये यह प्रवाह
ववचारधारा कर अूंतगित रखा जाता है, क्योंकक इसका मूलयाूंकन
एक ननजश्चत समयावर्ध में होता है , दूसरी तरफ पूूंजीगत खाता
स्टॉक अवधारना से सूंबूंर्धत होता क्योंकक ओशकक ग ना एक
ननजश्चत समय मे की जाती है।
14. Current Account Balance = (Visible Exports + Invisible Exports)
– (Visible Imports + Invisible Imports)
OR
= Balance of Trade + Balance of Invisibles
Capital Account Balance = Receipts from the sale of
domestic assets – Spending on
buying foreign assets
Balance of Payment = Current Account Balance +
Capital Account Balance
Surplus BOP – When total receipts > total payments
Deficit BOP – When total receipts < total payments
Balance BOP – When total receipts = total payments
15. चाल खाता भुगतान:-
(दृश्य मदों का ननयाित + अदृश्य मदों का ननयाित )
–
(दृश्य मदों का आयात + अदृस्य मदों का आयात)
पंिी खाता भुगतान:-
(घरेलू सूंपवि के बबक्री से प्राजप्तयाूं)
–
(ववदेसी पररसम्पनतयों को खरीदने पर ककया गया व्यय)
भुगतान शेष:- चालू खाता भुगतान + पूूंजी खाता भुगतान
1. आधिक्य BOP = जब कु ल प्राजप्तयाूं > कु ल भुगतान
2. घाटा BOP= जब कु ल प्राजप्तयाूं < कु ल भुगतान
3. संतुलन BOP= जब कु ल प्राजप्तयाूं = कु ल भुगतान
16. Balance of Payment
Balance of Current
Account
Balance of
Trade
Balance of Invisibles &
Transfer Payments
Exports Imports
Inflows Outflows
Inflows Outflows
Debt
Creating
Non Debt
Creating
Balance of Capital
Account
18. Balance of Payment is always in Balance
Overall balance of payment is the sum total of BOP on current
account and BOP on capital account. Balance of Payment of a
country is always in balance because of the following:
Balance of Payment = Current account Balance + Capital account
Balance
Current Account (Surplus) + Capital Account (Deficit)
Or
Current Account (Deficit) + Capital Account (Surplus)
In case the value of capital account surplus is not equal to the value
of current account deficit, the country will take resort to its foreign
exchange reserves.
In case capital account surplus is more than the current account
deficit, the balance will be transferred to foreign exchange reserves.
19. भुगतान शेष हमेशा संतुलन में होता है।
सूंनिप्त में भुगतान शेष का अथि चालू खाता एवूं पूूंजी खाता का
योग होता है। भुगतान शेष हमेशा सूंतुलन में होता है। इश्के
कार ननजम्लखखत हैं:-
भुगतान शेष :- चालू खाता भुगतान + पूूंजी खाता भुगतान
चालू खाता ( आर्धक्य) + पूूंजी खाता (घटा)
और
चालू खाता (घाटा) + पूूंजी खाता (आर्धक्य)
यदद पूूंजी खाता , चालू खाता के घाट के बराबर नही है तब देश
ववदेशी मुद्रा भूंर्ार में कामी करेगा। यदद पूूंजीगत खाता अर्धशेष
चालूगत खाता अर्धशेष से ज्यादा है तब ववदेशी मुद्रा भूंर्ार में
वृर्ध ककया जायेगा( ववदेशी मुद्रा भूंर्ार में वृजदद नाम मद में
एवम कमी जाम माध में रखा जाता है।)
20. Autonomous Items in BOP – Autonomous transactions refer to
those international economic transactions which are taken with the motive of profit.
The main autonomous items are:
(i) imports and exports of goods and services.
(ii) unilateral transactions (receipts and payments)
(iii) capital transactions (receipts and payments)
Accommodating Items in BOP – Accommodating transactions refers to those
transactions which are taken up by the government in order to keep the balance of payments,
balanced. Such as addition and withdrawal of foreign reserves.
21. भुगतान शेष के सवतंत्र मद:- कब भुगतान सूंतुलन लाभ की
प्रेर ा से ककया जाता हज टैब ऐश भुगतान सेष खाता को सवतंत्र
मद कहते हैं।
स्वतूंत्र मद के ननम्नसलखखत मद हैं:-
1. वस्तु का आयात एवम ननयाित
2. एकपक्षीय लेन-देन( कारक एवम गैर कारक सेवाओूं की प्राजप्त एवम
भुगतान)
3. पूूंजीगत लेन-देन ( प्राजप्त एवम भुगतान )
भुगतान शेष के समायोजित मद :- भुगतान शेष के समायोजजत मद
का तातपयि ऐशे मद से है जो भुगतानशेष को सूंतुसलत करने के सलए
ककया जाता है। जैसे:- ववदेशी मुद्रा भूंर्ार में वृद्र्ध एवम्ननकसी