The Nagakin Capsule Tower stands in the Ginza district of Tokyo, Japan, one of the most expensive neighborhoods in the city. The building was designed by Kisho Kurokawa based on his concept of "Metabolism", which envisioned architectural structures as organic and able to restructure and grow over time. The tower consists of two reinforced concrete and steel pillars with prefabricated modular capsules attached, housing living and working spaces. While innovative in its modular design, the unique structure has proven difficult to maintain over time due to issues like asbestos, water leaks, and the challenges of repairing exterior capsules.
The Nakagin Capsule Tower in Tokyo, Japan is considered the world's first modular building. It consists of 140 prefabricated steel capsules stacked around a central concrete core. Each detachable and replaceable capsule measures 2.5m x 4.5m x 2.5m and contains a bathroom, kitchenette, and living space. Designed by architect Kisho Kurokawa in 1972 based on his concept of metabolism, the capsules were intended to be replaceable as needs and technology changed over time, though lack of maintenance has now threatened the landmark structure.
Renzo Piano is an Italian architect born in 1937 in Genoa. In 1971, he won a competition to design the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris with Richard Rogers, which turned the typical museum design inside out with its exposed colored pipes and ducts. One of Piano's notable designs is the Paul Klee Center in Bern, Switzerland, which takes the form of three grass-covered hills of different sizes that house the museum's functions. Piano's style is defined by solid construction using excellent materials and designs that integrate with nature.
Norman Foster is a renowned British architect known for his high-tech and environmentally-conscious designs. Some of his most famous works include 30 St Mary Axe (nicknamed "The Gherkin") in London, which uses an unusual diamond shape and double-glazed skin to maximize natural light while minimizing energy usage. He also designed the Hong Kong International Airport, known for its innovative structural design, as well as the Hearst Tower in New York, featuring an unusual articulated structural expression of the building. Foster's designs are focused on sustainability and human experience, featuring natural ventilation, maximum use of light, and blending new and old architectural styles. He has received numerous awards and is considered one of the most influential architects
Hassan Fathy was an Egyptian architect known for designing housing for the poor using local materials and construction methods. One of his most famous projects was New Gourna Village near Luxor, where he worked with villagers to design multifamily homes of mud brick that incorporated passive cooling techniques. Though the village was never completed, Fathy's work highlighted the importance of considering climate, culture and community involvement in architecture. He left behind over 160 projects demonstrating sustainable design appropriate for developing regions.
Tadao Ando is a self-taught Japanese architect born in 1941 known for his use of light, concrete, and simple geometric forms. Some of his notable works include the Church of Light built in a tight urban space with minimal windows, the Amuza Housing which depicts traditional Japanese living with an interior courtyard, and the underground Chichu Art Museum on Naoshima island with a series of skylights bringing natural light to the galleries. Ando aims to create architectural order through geometry while connecting buildings to their natural surroundings. He has received the Pritzker Architecture Prize and other honors for his contributions to architecture.
Norman Foster is a renowned British architect known for high-tech and sustainable architecture. Some key points about his works and design philosophy:
- He believes architecture should enhance people's quality of life and accommodate technological changes over time.
- His designs emphasize natural light, energy efficiency, and flexible, adaptable spaces.
- Notable works include 30 St Mary Axe (London), known as "The Gherkin", which uses its curved, aerodynamic shape to reduce wind loads and maximize natural ventilation. His City Hall building in London also prioritizes sustainability through its spherical form.
Norman Foster is a renowned British architect born in 1935 in Manchester, England. He received his master's degree from Yale University and established Foster and Partners in 1967. Some of his most notable designs include the Hearst Tower in New York City, 30 St. Mary Axe in London (nicknamed "The Gherkin"), and the new Wembley Stadium in London. Foster is inspired by synthesizing all elements of a building and utilizes new technologies in an environmentally-conscious way. He has received the AIA Gold Medal and Pritzker Architecture Prize for his contributions to the field.
The Nakagin Capsule Tower in Tokyo, Japan is considered the world's first modular building. It consists of 140 prefabricated steel capsules stacked around a central concrete core. Each detachable and replaceable capsule measures 2.5m x 4.5m x 2.5m and contains a bathroom, kitchenette, and living space. Designed by architect Kisho Kurokawa in 1972 based on his concept of metabolism, the capsules were intended to be replaceable as needs and technology changed over time, though lack of maintenance has now threatened the landmark structure.
Renzo Piano is an Italian architect born in 1937 in Genoa. In 1971, he won a competition to design the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris with Richard Rogers, which turned the typical museum design inside out with its exposed colored pipes and ducts. One of Piano's notable designs is the Paul Klee Center in Bern, Switzerland, which takes the form of three grass-covered hills of different sizes that house the museum's functions. Piano's style is defined by solid construction using excellent materials and designs that integrate with nature.
Norman Foster is a renowned British architect known for his high-tech and environmentally-conscious designs. Some of his most famous works include 30 St Mary Axe (nicknamed "The Gherkin") in London, which uses an unusual diamond shape and double-glazed skin to maximize natural light while minimizing energy usage. He also designed the Hong Kong International Airport, known for its innovative structural design, as well as the Hearst Tower in New York, featuring an unusual articulated structural expression of the building. Foster's designs are focused on sustainability and human experience, featuring natural ventilation, maximum use of light, and blending new and old architectural styles. He has received numerous awards and is considered one of the most influential architects
Hassan Fathy was an Egyptian architect known for designing housing for the poor using local materials and construction methods. One of his most famous projects was New Gourna Village near Luxor, where he worked with villagers to design multifamily homes of mud brick that incorporated passive cooling techniques. Though the village was never completed, Fathy's work highlighted the importance of considering climate, culture and community involvement in architecture. He left behind over 160 projects demonstrating sustainable design appropriate for developing regions.
Tadao Ando is a self-taught Japanese architect born in 1941 known for his use of light, concrete, and simple geometric forms. Some of his notable works include the Church of Light built in a tight urban space with minimal windows, the Amuza Housing which depicts traditional Japanese living with an interior courtyard, and the underground Chichu Art Museum on Naoshima island with a series of skylights bringing natural light to the galleries. Ando aims to create architectural order through geometry while connecting buildings to their natural surroundings. He has received the Pritzker Architecture Prize and other honors for his contributions to architecture.
Norman Foster is a renowned British architect known for high-tech and sustainable architecture. Some key points about his works and design philosophy:
- He believes architecture should enhance people's quality of life and accommodate technological changes over time.
- His designs emphasize natural light, energy efficiency, and flexible, adaptable spaces.
- Notable works include 30 St Mary Axe (London), known as "The Gherkin", which uses its curved, aerodynamic shape to reduce wind loads and maximize natural ventilation. His City Hall building in London also prioritizes sustainability through its spherical form.
Norman Foster is a renowned British architect born in 1935 in Manchester, England. He received his master's degree from Yale University and established Foster and Partners in 1967. Some of his most notable designs include the Hearst Tower in New York City, 30 St. Mary Axe in London (nicknamed "The Gherkin"), and the new Wembley Stadium in London. Foster is inspired by synthesizing all elements of a building and utilizes new technologies in an environmentally-conscious way. He has received the AIA Gold Medal and Pritzker Architecture Prize for his contributions to the field.
Renzo Piano is an Italian architect known for high-tech and sustainable designs that integrate with nature. Some of his most notable works include the Centre Pompidou in Paris, known for its "inside-out" design that features exposed colored pipes on the exterior. He also designed the Paul Klee Center in Germany, which takes the form of three grass-covered hills housing different functions. Additionally, Piano designed the Tjibaou Cultural Center in New Caledonia, which evokes traditional Kanak huts through its wooden structure and comb-like shape. Piano's designs aim to be solidly constructed using excellent materials and take advantage of the surrounding topography and natural environment.
Rem Koolhaas is a renowned Dutch architect known for his innovative and gravity-defying structures. After graduating from architecture school in 1972, he founded OMA, his architecture firm, which takes an experimental approach to design through research, model-making, and allowing creative freedom. Some of Koolhaas' most notable buildings include the CCTV Headquarters in Beijing, Casa da Música in Porto, and Seattle Central Library, which showcase his bold visions for reinventing typologies through unique forms and spatial experiences.
The Taipei Performing Arts Center in Taiwan elevates a substantial part of its program to create an open public square underneath. By lifting the main plateau, panoramic views of the city are created. The building contains more void space in the form of this three-dimensional urban square than mass. The square fundamentally becomes part of the building and is activated by various balconies and terraces with different programs. The four "legs" of the building that support the horizontal slab are each programmed differently and contain performance spaces at varying altitudes, connected by a system of loops, stairs, and elevators.
This mock project that focuses on green building design. This project features floorplans, elevations and 3D renderings of condominium micro-units, a rooftop restaurant bar and grille, coffee shop and outdoor gym. Focusing on green design strategies, the building leverages passive air circulation, daylighting, green roofs, bay filter system and sustainable materials.
The document provides details on 4 proposed or constructed high-rise buildings - the Namasté Tower in Mumbai, India, the Pearl River Tower in Guangzhou, China, the Taipei Performing Arts Center in Taipei, Taiwan, and the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong. Key information included on each building is the location, architect, details on sustainable design elements and energy efficiency strategies, as well as conceptual descriptions and images.
The Hearst Tower in New York City was designed by Norman Foster and completed in 2006. It rises 46 floors from the preserved 1928 Art Deco building that formerly housed Hearst offices. The tower uses a diagonal bracing system that eliminates the need for interior columns and allows free floor plans. It was the first skyscraper in NYC to receive gold certification for sustainable design, through features like rainwater recycling, efficient energy systems, and use of recycled materials.
The mixed-use Hästen 21 development in central Stockholm comprises retail, office space, and housing integrated into a complex respecting the city's history. Designed by Schmidt Hammer Lassen Architects, it features shops on lower floors and offices on upper floors with terraces, while apartments are located in a separate vertical volume with balconies. The building aims to revitalize the area with new passages and pockets of public space to enhance pedestrian experience.
Michael Graves was an American architect known for his postmodern style. He designed several notable buildings including the Humana Building, Walt Disney World Dolphin and Swan Hotels, and the Denver Central Library. Graves had a philosophy of reinterpreting traditional architectural forms and drawing inspiration from existing architecture. Some of his signature design elements included classical tripartite facades with distinct base, shaft, and cornice sections as well as playful use of color and patterned materials. The document provides details on Graves' education, influences, architectural style and philosophy through descriptions and images of several major works.
Rem Koolhaas is a Dutch architect, founder of OMA, and known for his experimental and unconventional approach to architecture. He sees architecture as both omnipotent and impotent, and as a chaotic adventure. Some of his notable works include the Seattle Central Library, which features an unusual design with angled walls and skylights to maximize natural light. It has received both praise for its innovation and criticism for its unconventional design. Koolhaas takes a rigorous analytical approach to his projects, exploring the capabilities of materials and proper use of color.
"Architecture is an artistic craft, but at the same time it is also a scientific profession, it is precisely its distinctiveness"
"Architecture is a service."
"When style gets to become a brand, a personal seal, this becomes a cage"
"The architect is first and foremost a builder, but also should be a poet, and above all a humanist''
1) The document proposes a design for an Applied Arts Crafts and Design Campus inspired by the works of architect Charles Correa.
2) It will incorporate Correa's approach of blending modernism with traditional Indian architecture through stepped platforms, outdoor classrooms, and connecting indoor and outdoor spaces.
3) The design aims to make education feel sacred through its organization of academic blocks at the highest level, with recreational areas below, evoking traditional Indian concepts.
The document discusses energy efficiency in buildings. It defines renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Renewable sources include solar, wind, and hydro power that can be replenished, while non-renewable sources like fossil fuels are finite. The document then discusses the Hearst Tower in New York City, designed by Norman Foster. It has a diagrid steel frame that uses 20% less steel. 90% of the steel is recycled. The tower achieves LEED Gold certification and uses efficient lighting and rainwater collection.
This document provides information about American architect Robert Venturi and his design philosophies and works. It discusses how Venturi rejected modernist ideas of simplicity and embraced complexity, contradiction, ambiguity, and references to popular and vernacular culture. It summarizes some of his key works like the Vanna Venturi House and additions to the Allen Memorial Art Museum. Venturi incorporated unexpected juxtapositions of elements and aimed to accommodate the inherent conflicts in a site or project. His buildings typically combine architectural styles and references in unconventional ways.
Santiago Calatrava is a Spanish architect and engineer known for designing buildings and structures that resemble moving human figures. He was born in 1951 in Spain and studied architecture and civil engineering. Calatrava draws inspiration from nature and the human body, blending visual style with engineering principles. Some of his notable works include the Turning Torso building in Sweden, the Auditorio de Tenerife concert hall in Spain's Canary Islands, and the Lyon-Satolas TGV railway station in France, which resembles a giant bird. Calatrava's structures are symbolic, using long sweeping lines, and capturing a sense of movement through static designs.
The document proposes a vertical architecture collage campus that consolidates architecture education facilities into a single high-density, high-rise building. The project aims to innovatively introduce architecture departments in an iconic building that encourages social interaction and cultural activities. It seeks to bridge the gap between public access to architecture and optimize land use by creating a "city within a city". The methodology will include case studies of skyscrapers and a site in Mumbai to design the campus with required academic spaces, recreational areas, and structural and service systems in compliance with regulations.
Norman Foster is a renowned British architect known for high-tech and sustainable architecture. Some of his most famous buildings include London City Hall, 30 St Mary Axe (known as the Gherkin), and the Reichstag building in Berlin. For London City Hall, Foster designed a uniquely bulbous shape to reduce energy needs by decreasing surface area. 30 St Mary Axe's distinctive cigar shape maximizes airflow and minimizes wind impact. For the Reichstag, Foster sensitively restored the historic structure and added a transparent dome symbolizing democracy. Across all projects, Foster aims to fulfill functional needs while creating aesthetically pleasing landmarks through innovative design.
The Turning Torso is a 190-meter residential skyscraper located in Malmo, Sweden that was designed by architect Santiago Calatrava. Some key details:
- It has a twisting form composed of nine concrete cubes that twist 90 degrees from the base to the top.
- The central concrete core provides structural support, containing elevators and staircases. An exterior steel exoskeleton transfers wind loads and allows the concrete floors to cantilever.
- Construction began in 2001 and was completed in 2005, using a unique climbing form system to pour the concrete floors which rotated 1.6 degrees with each level.
- The skyscraper contains residential units and office space and utilizes sustainable design principles
Tadao Ando is a self-taught Japanese architect born in 1941 in Osaka. He was inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright's Imperial Hotel and decided to pursue architecture after leaving his boxing career. Ando attended night classes to learn drawing and took correspondence courses in interior design. He established his own firm, Tadao Ando Architects and Associates, in 1968 after visiting buildings by Le Corbusier, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Louis Kahn. Ando's architectural style emphasizes nothingness and empty space to represent simplicity and he favors complex spatial circulation with an appearance of simplicity while maintaining influences from Japanese culture and language.
This document provides information on the design of a convention center, including:
- A brief history of early convention centers dating back to the 15th century.
- Details on the typical spaces found in convention centers like meeting rooms, ballrooms, and exhibit halls.
- Considerations for the design such as zoning, circulation, accessibility, services, and parking.
- Standards for areas per person, hall capacities, and dimensions of spaces.
- The need to incorporate sustainability features like renewable energy use, green spaces, and waste management.
The document discusses architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's philosophy of "Less is More" as it relates to architectural design and several of his famous works that exemplified this philosophy. Some key points made in the document include:
- Mies van der Rohe believed that buildings should be stripped down to their essential structural and functional elements without unnecessary ornamentation or complexity.
- His works like the Barcelona Pavilion (1929) and Farnsworth House (1951) featured simple geometric forms, open floor plans, and use of industrial materials like steel and glass to let the structure take center stage.
- Other buildings like the Seagram Building (1958) and Lake Shore Drive Apartments (1951) in
The Nagakin Capsule Tower in Tokyo, Japan was designed in 1970 and built in 1972. It consists of prefabricated capsules that serve as living and working spaces. The architect, Kisho Kurokawa, conceived of the building as a "megastructure" made up of interchangeable, recyclable, and sustainable capsule modules. The capsules are prefabricated steel boxes that were transported to the site and plugged into the central tower structures to form the residential and office spaces.
Renzo Piano is an Italian architect known for high-tech and sustainable designs that integrate with nature. Some of his most notable works include the Centre Pompidou in Paris, known for its "inside-out" design that features exposed colored pipes on the exterior. He also designed the Paul Klee Center in Germany, which takes the form of three grass-covered hills housing different functions. Additionally, Piano designed the Tjibaou Cultural Center in New Caledonia, which evokes traditional Kanak huts through its wooden structure and comb-like shape. Piano's designs aim to be solidly constructed using excellent materials and take advantage of the surrounding topography and natural environment.
Rem Koolhaas is a renowned Dutch architect known for his innovative and gravity-defying structures. After graduating from architecture school in 1972, he founded OMA, his architecture firm, which takes an experimental approach to design through research, model-making, and allowing creative freedom. Some of Koolhaas' most notable buildings include the CCTV Headquarters in Beijing, Casa da Música in Porto, and Seattle Central Library, which showcase his bold visions for reinventing typologies through unique forms and spatial experiences.
The Taipei Performing Arts Center in Taiwan elevates a substantial part of its program to create an open public square underneath. By lifting the main plateau, panoramic views of the city are created. The building contains more void space in the form of this three-dimensional urban square than mass. The square fundamentally becomes part of the building and is activated by various balconies and terraces with different programs. The four "legs" of the building that support the horizontal slab are each programmed differently and contain performance spaces at varying altitudes, connected by a system of loops, stairs, and elevators.
This mock project that focuses on green building design. This project features floorplans, elevations and 3D renderings of condominium micro-units, a rooftop restaurant bar and grille, coffee shop and outdoor gym. Focusing on green design strategies, the building leverages passive air circulation, daylighting, green roofs, bay filter system and sustainable materials.
The document provides details on 4 proposed or constructed high-rise buildings - the Namasté Tower in Mumbai, India, the Pearl River Tower in Guangzhou, China, the Taipei Performing Arts Center in Taipei, Taiwan, and the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong. Key information included on each building is the location, architect, details on sustainable design elements and energy efficiency strategies, as well as conceptual descriptions and images.
The Hearst Tower in New York City was designed by Norman Foster and completed in 2006. It rises 46 floors from the preserved 1928 Art Deco building that formerly housed Hearst offices. The tower uses a diagonal bracing system that eliminates the need for interior columns and allows free floor plans. It was the first skyscraper in NYC to receive gold certification for sustainable design, through features like rainwater recycling, efficient energy systems, and use of recycled materials.
The mixed-use Hästen 21 development in central Stockholm comprises retail, office space, and housing integrated into a complex respecting the city's history. Designed by Schmidt Hammer Lassen Architects, it features shops on lower floors and offices on upper floors with terraces, while apartments are located in a separate vertical volume with balconies. The building aims to revitalize the area with new passages and pockets of public space to enhance pedestrian experience.
Michael Graves was an American architect known for his postmodern style. He designed several notable buildings including the Humana Building, Walt Disney World Dolphin and Swan Hotels, and the Denver Central Library. Graves had a philosophy of reinterpreting traditional architectural forms and drawing inspiration from existing architecture. Some of his signature design elements included classical tripartite facades with distinct base, shaft, and cornice sections as well as playful use of color and patterned materials. The document provides details on Graves' education, influences, architectural style and philosophy through descriptions and images of several major works.
Rem Koolhaas is a Dutch architect, founder of OMA, and known for his experimental and unconventional approach to architecture. He sees architecture as both omnipotent and impotent, and as a chaotic adventure. Some of his notable works include the Seattle Central Library, which features an unusual design with angled walls and skylights to maximize natural light. It has received both praise for its innovation and criticism for its unconventional design. Koolhaas takes a rigorous analytical approach to his projects, exploring the capabilities of materials and proper use of color.
"Architecture is an artistic craft, but at the same time it is also a scientific profession, it is precisely its distinctiveness"
"Architecture is a service."
"When style gets to become a brand, a personal seal, this becomes a cage"
"The architect is first and foremost a builder, but also should be a poet, and above all a humanist''
1) The document proposes a design for an Applied Arts Crafts and Design Campus inspired by the works of architect Charles Correa.
2) It will incorporate Correa's approach of blending modernism with traditional Indian architecture through stepped platforms, outdoor classrooms, and connecting indoor and outdoor spaces.
3) The design aims to make education feel sacred through its organization of academic blocks at the highest level, with recreational areas below, evoking traditional Indian concepts.
The document discusses energy efficiency in buildings. It defines renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Renewable sources include solar, wind, and hydro power that can be replenished, while non-renewable sources like fossil fuels are finite. The document then discusses the Hearst Tower in New York City, designed by Norman Foster. It has a diagrid steel frame that uses 20% less steel. 90% of the steel is recycled. The tower achieves LEED Gold certification and uses efficient lighting and rainwater collection.
This document provides information about American architect Robert Venturi and his design philosophies and works. It discusses how Venturi rejected modernist ideas of simplicity and embraced complexity, contradiction, ambiguity, and references to popular and vernacular culture. It summarizes some of his key works like the Vanna Venturi House and additions to the Allen Memorial Art Museum. Venturi incorporated unexpected juxtapositions of elements and aimed to accommodate the inherent conflicts in a site or project. His buildings typically combine architectural styles and references in unconventional ways.
Santiago Calatrava is a Spanish architect and engineer known for designing buildings and structures that resemble moving human figures. He was born in 1951 in Spain and studied architecture and civil engineering. Calatrava draws inspiration from nature and the human body, blending visual style with engineering principles. Some of his notable works include the Turning Torso building in Sweden, the Auditorio de Tenerife concert hall in Spain's Canary Islands, and the Lyon-Satolas TGV railway station in France, which resembles a giant bird. Calatrava's structures are symbolic, using long sweeping lines, and capturing a sense of movement through static designs.
The document proposes a vertical architecture collage campus that consolidates architecture education facilities into a single high-density, high-rise building. The project aims to innovatively introduce architecture departments in an iconic building that encourages social interaction and cultural activities. It seeks to bridge the gap between public access to architecture and optimize land use by creating a "city within a city". The methodology will include case studies of skyscrapers and a site in Mumbai to design the campus with required academic spaces, recreational areas, and structural and service systems in compliance with regulations.
Norman Foster is a renowned British architect known for high-tech and sustainable architecture. Some of his most famous buildings include London City Hall, 30 St Mary Axe (known as the Gherkin), and the Reichstag building in Berlin. For London City Hall, Foster designed a uniquely bulbous shape to reduce energy needs by decreasing surface area. 30 St Mary Axe's distinctive cigar shape maximizes airflow and minimizes wind impact. For the Reichstag, Foster sensitively restored the historic structure and added a transparent dome symbolizing democracy. Across all projects, Foster aims to fulfill functional needs while creating aesthetically pleasing landmarks through innovative design.
The Turning Torso is a 190-meter residential skyscraper located in Malmo, Sweden that was designed by architect Santiago Calatrava. Some key details:
- It has a twisting form composed of nine concrete cubes that twist 90 degrees from the base to the top.
- The central concrete core provides structural support, containing elevators and staircases. An exterior steel exoskeleton transfers wind loads and allows the concrete floors to cantilever.
- Construction began in 2001 and was completed in 2005, using a unique climbing form system to pour the concrete floors which rotated 1.6 degrees with each level.
- The skyscraper contains residential units and office space and utilizes sustainable design principles
Tadao Ando is a self-taught Japanese architect born in 1941 in Osaka. He was inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright's Imperial Hotel and decided to pursue architecture after leaving his boxing career. Ando attended night classes to learn drawing and took correspondence courses in interior design. He established his own firm, Tadao Ando Architects and Associates, in 1968 after visiting buildings by Le Corbusier, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Louis Kahn. Ando's architectural style emphasizes nothingness and empty space to represent simplicity and he favors complex spatial circulation with an appearance of simplicity while maintaining influences from Japanese culture and language.
This document provides information on the design of a convention center, including:
- A brief history of early convention centers dating back to the 15th century.
- Details on the typical spaces found in convention centers like meeting rooms, ballrooms, and exhibit halls.
- Considerations for the design such as zoning, circulation, accessibility, services, and parking.
- Standards for areas per person, hall capacities, and dimensions of spaces.
- The need to incorporate sustainability features like renewable energy use, green spaces, and waste management.
The document discusses architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's philosophy of "Less is More" as it relates to architectural design and several of his famous works that exemplified this philosophy. Some key points made in the document include:
- Mies van der Rohe believed that buildings should be stripped down to their essential structural and functional elements without unnecessary ornamentation or complexity.
- His works like the Barcelona Pavilion (1929) and Farnsworth House (1951) featured simple geometric forms, open floor plans, and use of industrial materials like steel and glass to let the structure take center stage.
- Other buildings like the Seagram Building (1958) and Lake Shore Drive Apartments (1951) in
The Nagakin Capsule Tower in Tokyo, Japan was designed in 1970 and built in 1972. It consists of prefabricated capsules that serve as living and working spaces. The architect, Kisho Kurokawa, conceived of the building as a "megastructure" made up of interchangeable, recyclable, and sustainable capsule modules. The capsules are prefabricated steel boxes that were transported to the site and plugged into the central tower structures to form the residential and office spaces.
The document provides details on Goh Yen Nee's proposed design for a community library project located in Petaling Street, Kuala Lumpur. The design concept is based on a teahouse and features clustered pavilions surrounded by an exterior library space. Precedent studies are presented on bamboo louvers, metal cladding, composite construction, and a skylight roof. Proposed materials for the facade include bamboo louvers and metal cladding to control sunlight and enhance natural ventilation.
Dr. B.V. Doshi is an Indian architect known for his experimental and sustainable designs that blend modern and traditional Indian approaches. Some of his notable works include Sangath Design Laboratory (1978) in Ahmedabad, which uses local materials and passive solar design principles, and the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (1971), featuring courtyards and green corridors inspired by Fatehpur Sikri. Doshi's human-centered philosophy emphasizes flexibility, community, and connecting people with nature. He won several prestigious awards, including the Pritzker Prize in 2018, recognizing his contributions to environmentally-sensitive architecture.
The Beijing National Stadium, also known as the Bird's Nest, is an innovative stadium built for the 2008 Beijing Olympics that draws inspiration from nature. Its design resembles a bird's nest-like structure of interlocking steel beams that encircle the stadium. The stadium can seat 91,000 spectators and withstand earthquakes up to magnitude 8 due to its flexible steel and concrete structure. The Bird's Nest has become an architectural landmark that demonstrates how biomimicry can be applied to modern building design through its nest-like appearance and use of sustainable materials.
This document discusses different types of braced frames used in building structures. It describes braced frames as structural systems that help position, support, strengthen and restrain structural frames using diagonal bracing. Common types of bracing include X-bracing, K-bracing, and XX-bracing. Braced frames are composed of steel members and provide significant stiffness to structures. As an example, the document discusses the Century Tower in Japan, which uses knee bracing in its braced frame structure.
ALVAR ALTO, ERICH MENDELSOHN, KENZOTANGE, EEROSARINEN, RICHARD NEUTRA, OTTOWA...Kiruthika Selvi K J
This document provides information on several modernist architects and their works, with a focus on Alvar Aalto and his organic modernist designs. It summarizes Aalto's Paimio Sanatorium and Villa Mairea, noting their use of natural materials and forms to blur the lines between interior and exterior. It also briefly outlines the philosophies and some key works of Erich Mendelsohn, known for his expressionist designs like the Einstein Tower, and Metabolist architect Kenzo Tange, who designed buildings to grow and change over time like living organisms.
The document summarizes a student group project analyzing the Church of Seed building in China. The building uses a bamboo reinforced concrete structural system and an unusual seed-shaped design that respects the natural environment. The group studied the building's construction methods, modeled it on a small scale using various materials, analyzed its load distribution, and concluded it helped them better understand structural systems for solid construction buildings.
The document summarizes a student group project analyzing the Church of Seed building in China. The building uses a bamboo reinforced concrete structural system and an unusual seed-shaped design that respects the natural environment. The group studied the building's construction methods, modeled it on a small scale using various materials, analyzed its load distribution, and concluded it helped them better understand structural systems for different building types.
The document summarizes a student group project analyzing the Church of Seed building in China. The building uses a bamboo reinforced concrete structural system and an unusual seed-shaped design that respects the natural environment. The group studied the building's construction methods, modeled it on a small scale using various materials, analyzed its load distribution, and gained knowledge on structural systems to apply to future designs.
The document summarizes a student group project analyzing the Church of Seed building in China. The building uses a bamboo reinforced concrete structural system and an unusual seed-shaped design that respects the natural environment. The group studied the building's construction methods, modeled it on a small scale using various materials, analyzed its load distribution, and gained knowledge on structural systems to apply to future designs.
The document summarizes a student group project analyzing the Church of Seed building in China. The building uses a bamboo reinforced concrete structural system and an unusual seed-shaped design that respects the natural environment. The group studied the building's construction methods, modeled it on a small scale using various materials, analyzed its load distribution, and concluded it helped them better understand structural systems for solid construction buildings.
Kaitlyn Stein is an architectural designer. One of her projects involved designing a kit of parts to imply spaces for gathering and more intimate rooms. She drew the design by hand to understand drawing conventions. Another project involved analyzing tectonic strategies in existing buildings and creating an abstract drawing incorporating these strategies. A further project involved using mass, plane and frame digitally to create the appearance of different building elements.
Asymptote Architecture is an international architecture firm founded in 1989 by Hani Rashid and Lise Anne Couture based in New York City. The firm is known for innovative designs that utilize digital tools and sustainable practices. Notable projects include the ARC River Culture Multimedia Museum in Daegu, South Korea, which features a curved silver building surrounded by water that provides alternating indoor and outdoor experiences. The Velo Towers residential complex in Seoul, South Korea consists of two towers with stacked, rotated volumes to create distinct communities with gardens and views of the Han River. Asymptote Architecture is recognized for designs that merge architecture, art, and technology.
A short and elaborate Case Study on Metropol Parasol located at Seville (Spain) for the course of Urban Design from students of 7th Semester Architecture at VNIT, Nagpur (August- December 2016)
Steel in Highrise building : Application Onal Kothari
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon that is strong, durable, and ductile. It is the most widely used structural material in building construction due to its high strength-to-weight ratio. Steel allows for lighter, more efficient building designs including tall skyscrapers. Modern steel production occurs in over 50 countries worldwide using various furnace processes. Emerging structural systems enable increasingly complex geometries and non-orthogonal high-rise building designs.
Beyond the Basics of A/B Tests: Highly Innovative Experimentation Tactics You...Aggregage
This webinar will explore cutting-edge, less familiar but powerful experimentation methodologies which address well-known limitations of standard A/B Testing. Designed for data and product leaders, this session aims to inspire the embrace of innovative approaches and provide insights into the frontiers of experimentation!
STATATHON: Unleashing the Power of Statistics in a 48-Hour Knowledge Extravag...sameer shah
"Join us for STATATHON, a dynamic 2-day event dedicated to exploring statistical knowledge and its real-world applications. From theory to practice, participants engage in intensive learning sessions, workshops, and challenges, fostering a deeper understanding of statistical methodologies and their significance in various fields."
ViewShift: Hassle-free Dynamic Policy Enforcement for Every Data LakeWalaa Eldin Moustafa
Dynamic policy enforcement is becoming an increasingly important topic in today’s world where data privacy and compliance is a top priority for companies, individuals, and regulators alike. In these slides, we discuss how LinkedIn implements a powerful dynamic policy enforcement engine, called ViewShift, and integrates it within its data lake. We show the query engine architecture and how catalog implementations can automatically route table resolutions to compliance-enforcing SQL views. Such views have a set of very interesting properties: (1) They are auto-generated from declarative data annotations. (2) They respect user-level consent and preferences (3) They are context-aware, encoding a different set of transformations for different use cases (4) They are portable; while the SQL logic is only implemented in one SQL dialect, it is accessible in all engines.
#SQL #Views #Privacy #Compliance #DataLake
4th Modern Marketing Reckoner by MMA Global India & Group M: 60+ experts on W...Social Samosa
The Modern Marketing Reckoner (MMR) is a comprehensive resource packed with POVs from 60+ industry leaders on how AI is transforming the 4 key pillars of marketing – product, place, price and promotions.
Analysis insight about a Flyball dog competition team's performanceroli9797
Insight of my analysis about a Flyball dog competition team's last year performance. Find more: https://github.com/rolandnagy-ds/flyball_race_analysis/tree/main
Global Situational Awareness of A.I. and where its headedvikram sood
You can see the future first in San Francisco.
Over the past year, the talk of the town has shifted from $10 billion compute clusters to $100 billion clusters to trillion-dollar clusters. Every six months another zero is added to the boardroom plans. Behind the scenes, there’s a fierce scramble to secure every power contract still available for the rest of the decade, every voltage transformer that can possibly be procured. American big business is gearing up to pour trillions of dollars into a long-unseen mobilization of American industrial might. By the end of the decade, American electricity production will have grown tens of percent; from the shale fields of Pennsylvania to the solar farms of Nevada, hundreds of millions of GPUs will hum.
The AGI race has begun. We are building machines that can think and reason. By 2025/26, these machines will outpace college graduates. By the end of the decade, they will be smarter than you or I; we will have superintelligence, in the true sense of the word. Along the way, national security forces not seen in half a century will be un-leashed, and before long, The Project will be on. If we’re lucky, we’ll be in an all-out race with the CCP; if we’re unlucky, an all-out war.
Everyone is now talking about AI, but few have the faintest glimmer of what is about to hit them. Nvidia analysts still think 2024 might be close to the peak. Mainstream pundits are stuck on the wilful blindness of “it’s just predicting the next word”. They see only hype and business-as-usual; at most they entertain another internet-scale technological change.
Before long, the world will wake up. But right now, there are perhaps a few hundred people, most of them in San Francisco and the AI labs, that have situational awareness. Through whatever peculiar forces of fate, I have found myself amongst them. A few years ago, these people were derided as crazy—but they trusted the trendlines, which allowed them to correctly predict the AI advances of the past few years. Whether these people are also right about the next few years remains to be seen. But these are very smart people—the smartest people I have ever met—and they are the ones building this technology. Perhaps they will be an odd footnote in history, or perhaps they will go down in history like Szilard and Oppenheimer and Teller. If they are seeing the future even close to correctly, we are in for a wild ride.
Let me tell you what we see.
Codeless Generative AI Pipelines
(GenAI with Milvus)
https://ml.dssconf.pl/user.html#!/lecture/DSSML24-041a/rate
Discover the potential of real-time streaming in the context of GenAI as we delve into the intricacies of Apache NiFi and its capabilities. Learn how this tool can significantly simplify the data engineering workflow for GenAI applications, allowing you to focus on the creative aspects rather than the technical complexities. I will guide you through practical examples and use cases, showing the impact of automation on prompt building. From data ingestion to transformation and delivery, witness how Apache NiFi streamlines the entire pipeline, ensuring a smooth and hassle-free experience.
Timothy Spann
https://www.youtube.com/@FLaNK-Stack
https://medium.com/@tspann
https://www.datainmotion.dev/
milvus, unstructured data, vector database, zilliz, cloud, vectors, python, deep learning, generative ai, genai, nifi, kafka, flink, streaming, iot, edge
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Predictably Improve Your B2B Tech Company's Performance by Leveraging DataKiwi Creative
Harness the power of AI-backed reports, benchmarking and data analysis to predict trends and detect anomalies in your marketing efforts.
Peter Caputa, CEO at Databox, reveals how you can discover the strategies and tools to increase your growth rate (and margins!).
From metrics to track to data habits to pick up, enhance your reporting for powerful insights to improve your B2B tech company's marketing.
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This is the webinar recording from the June 2024 HubSpot User Group (HUG) for B2B Technology USA.
Watch the video recording at https://youtu.be/5vjwGfPN9lw
Sign up for future HUG events at https://events.hubspot.com/b2b-technology-usa/
Learn SQL from basic queries to Advance queriesmanishkhaire30
Dive into the world of data analysis with our comprehensive guide on mastering SQL! This presentation offers a practical approach to learning SQL, focusing on real-world applications and hands-on practice. Whether you're a beginner or looking to sharpen your skills, this guide provides the tools you need to extract, analyze, and interpret data effectively.
Key Highlights:
Foundations of SQL: Understand the basics of SQL, including data retrieval, filtering, and aggregation.
Advanced Queries: Learn to craft complex queries to uncover deep insights from your data.
Data Trends and Patterns: Discover how to identify and interpret trends and patterns in your datasets.
Practical Examples: Follow step-by-step examples to apply SQL techniques in real-world scenarios.
Actionable Insights: Gain the skills to derive actionable insights that drive informed decision-making.
Join us on this journey to enhance your data analysis capabilities and unlock the full potential of SQL. Perfect for data enthusiasts, analysts, and anyone eager to harness the power of data!
#DataAnalysis #SQL #LearningSQL #DataInsights #DataScience #Analytics
The Building Blocks of QuestDB, a Time Series Databasejavier ramirez
Talk Delivered at Valencia Codes Meetup 2024-06.
Traditionally, databases have treated timestamps just as another data type. However, when performing real-time analytics, timestamps should be first class citizens and we need rich time semantics to get the most out of our data. We also need to deal with ever growing datasets while keeping performant, which is as fun as it sounds.
It is no wonder time-series databases are now more popular than ever before. Join me in this session to learn about the internal architecture and building blocks of QuestDB, an open source time-series database designed for speed. We will also review a history of some of the changes we have gone over the past two years to deal with late and unordered data, non-blocking writes, read-replicas, or faster batch ingestion.
The Building Blocks of QuestDB, a Time Series Database
Capsule housing
1.
2. INTRODUCTION
THE IDEA OF HABITATS CAPSULES.
DESIGN IDEAS INTERCHANGEABILITY,
RECYCLABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY IN
ARCHITECTURAL WORKS. ONE OF THE NEIGHBORHOODS MOST ECONOMIC
ACTIVITY OF THE CITY OF TOKYO, JAPAN.
THE BUILDING WAS DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR
THOSE WORKING IN CENTRAL TOKYO BUT LIVING
IN THE SUBURBS.
THE PROJECT HAD THE FUNCTION OF SERVING AS A
HOTEL BEDROOM OR STUDIO BUILDING.
THE PROJECT NAGAKIN CAPSULE TOWER CONSISTS
OF TWO TOWERS OR STRUCTURAL CORES OF
ELEVEN, THIRTEEN STORIES HIGH THAT
INCORPORATE THE SERVICES AND FACILITIES; 140
CAPSULES TO 8 DIFFERENT TYPES ARE ATTACHED.
THE SET COMES COMPLETE WITH A GROUND FLOOR
LOCATED A CAFE AND A FIRST FLOOR WHERE
OFFICES ARE LOCATED. UNLIKE TRADITIONAL JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE,
NAGAKIN CAPSULE TOWER IS NOT A FINISHED OR
COMPLETE ARCHITECTURE, IT IS CONSIDERED AS A
BUILDING CHANGING OVER TIME. DESPITE THIS, IT
NOT COMPLETELY IGNORES THE TRADITION,
BECAUSE IN THE SMALL SCALE OF THE DESIGN OF
THE CAPSULES IS THE PROPORTION OF JAPANESE
TATAMI. One possible layout of
a 4 1⁄2 mat room
https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Nakagin-
capsule_2-1024x768.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co
mmons/thumb/c/c0/Tearoom_layout.svg/3
30px-Tearoom_layout.svg.png
3. The Nagakin Capsule Tower stands at Tokyo, Japan, in the
district of Ginza, one of the most expensive neighborhoods of
the city, as its name, which translates as silver district. This is
a focal point of the city where both the business and
business is concentrated.
THE NAGAKIN CAPSULE TOWER STANDS AT TOKYO, JAPAN, IN THE DISTRICT OF GINZA, ONE OF THE
MOST EXPENSIVE NEIGHBORHOODS OF THE CITY, AS ITS NAME, WHICH TRANSLATES AS SILVER
DISTRICT. THIS IS A FOCAL POINT OF THE CITY WHERE BUSINESS IS CONCENTRATED.
LOCATION
5. CONCEPT
“HUMAN SOCIETY IS LIKE A VITAL PROCESS, A CONTINUOUS
DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOM TO THE NEBULA. THE REASON WHY WE
USE THE BIOLOGICAL TERM “METABOLISM” IS THAT WE BELIEVE THAT
DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY SHOULD DENOTE HUMAN VITALITY”
(KISHO KUROKAWA)
IT WAS A POST-WAR
JAPANESE ARCHITECTURAL MOVEMENT
THAT FUSED IDEAS
ABOUT ARCHITECTURAL MEGASTRUCTURES
WITH THOSE OF ORGANIC BIOLOGICAL
GROWTH
THE WORD METABOLISM DESCRIBES THE
PROCESS OF MAINTAINING LIVING CELLS.
THE POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF JAPAN’S
CITIES SPAWNED NEW IDEAS ABOUT THE
FUTURE OF URBAN DESIGN AND PUBLIC
SPACES.
METABOLIST ARCHITECTS AND DESIGNERS
BELIEVED THAT CITIES AND BUILDINGS ARE
NOT STATIC ENTITIES, BUT ARE EVER
CHANGING ORGANIC WITH A “METABOLISM”.
POST WAR STRUCTURES OF THE FUTURE ARE
THOUGHT TO HAVE A LIMITED LIFESPAN AND
SHOULD BE DESIGNED AND BUILT TO BE
REPLACED.
METABOLISM LOOKING SYNTHESIS OF PUBLIC
AND PRIVATE SPACES AND REFLECTED THE
LATTER IN THE FORM OF CAPSULES OF SMALL
SIZE THAT ARE PRODUCED INDUSTRIALLY
THESE 1960 AVANT-GARDE IDEAS BECAME
METABOLISM
CHARACTERISTICS SEEN IN THIS PROJECT.
METABOLICALLY DESIGNED ARCHITECTURE IS
BUILT AROUND A SPIN-LIKE INFRASTRUCTURE
WITH PREFABRICATED, REPLACEABLE CELL-LIKE
PART EASILY ATTACHED.
IT IS BUILT WITH MODULAR UNITS.
YOU CAN ENABLE A LARGE EXPANSION AND EVEN
“UNLIMITED”
IT IS A STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK IN WHICH THEY
CAN BUILD – OR EVEN “PLUG” OR “HOLD”, HAVING
BEEN PREFABRICATED ELSEWHERE – MINOR
STRUCTURAL UNITS (EG, ROOMS, HOUSES AND
SMALL BUILDINGS OF OTHER TYPES.
IT IS A STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK TO A MUCH
LONGER SHELF LIFE THAN THE SMALLER UNITS
THAT COULD SUPPORT…
HIS DESIGN WAS
INSPIRED BY A
TRADITIONAL JAPANESE
PUZZLE GAME THAT
PLAYS OFF OF
INTERWOVEN BLOCKS OF
WOOD.
7. THE CAPSULES WERE DESIGNED AS
PREFABRICATED MODULES DESIGNED SO THAT ALL
CONTAIN THE SAME PARTS, FACTORY ASSEMBLED,
IN ORDER TO TRANSFER THE FINISHED CAPSULES
TO WORK FOR PLACEMENT IN THE BUILDING.
THE CAPSULES ADHERE TO THE CORES BY FOUR
BOLTS HIGH STRENGTH.
THE PROCESS OF BUILDING THESE WORKS SIMILAR
TO SHIPPING CONTAINERS, WHERE A BOX-SHAPED
STRUCTURE OF STEEL, AS LIGHT AS POSSIBLE, TO
WHICH ALL OTHER PARTS ARE WELDED.
THE EXTERIOR OF THE CAPSULES IS COMPOSED OF PANELS OF
GALVANIZED STEEL OF 1 X 2 M 2 X 3 M. THESE MEASURES ARE DUE
TO THE NUMBER REQUIRED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ALL
CAPSULES AND THE SMALL SIZE OF THE FACTORIES WHERE THEY
ARE PRODUCED PANELS. THE GALVANIZED STEEL PANELS ALSO
RECEIVED A TREATMENT BASED PAINT AND BRIGHT SPRAY CALLED
KENITEX TO PREVENT THE FORMATION OF RUST AND CORROSION.
FOR THE FIRE RESISTANCE OF THE BUILDING, THE STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS WERE COATED WITH A LAYER OF ASBESTOS SPRAY
ABOUT 45 MM THICK. EXTERIOR PANELS ALSO COVERED WITH A
LAYER ABOUT 30 MM THICK OF THE SAME SUBSTANCE.
CAPSULE
8. SPACES
EIGHT TYPES OF
CAPSULES ACCORDING
TO THE POSITION OF
THE WINDOW, THE
ARRANGEMENT OF THE
ENTRANCE AND
PLACEMENT OF
FURNITURE FINISHING
MATERIALS ARE
PROJECTED.
https://wikiarquitectura.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Nakagin-
capsule_28229-500x375.jpg
(photo from Kisho Kurokawa: Metabolism and Symbiosis)
THE CAPSULES ARE DEVISED AS MODULES
COVERING THE BASIC NEEDS OF A CABIN. THEY
ARE DESIGNED AS AN INEXPENSIVE PIECE THAT
WILL BE BUILT AT THE FACTORY AND
TRANSPORTED TO THE BUILDING SITE TO BE
INSERTED IN SITU, SO IT SHOULD BE EASILY
TRANSPORTABLE AND LIGHTWEIGHT.
THESE PREFABRICATED CELLS
HAVE DIMENSIONS OF 4 X 2.5 M.
9. FACILITIES
DUE TO THE EXPECTED LIFETIME OF THE
CAPSULES AND THE POSSIBLE USE OF THESE
CHANGING, THE BUILDING WAS DIVIDED INTO
THREE AREAS: THE STRUCTURAL AXES,
CAPSULES AND EQUIPMENT.
A LAMINATE OF PREFABRICATED PIPING
SYSTEM WHERE EACH UNIT CONSISTED OF A
SET OF FLAT BARS DIVIDED INTO SIX ZINC
PIPES CONTAINING HOT WATER, COLD WATER
AND DRAINAGE WAS USED. EACH UNIT SERVED
THREE FLOORS.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ELEVATORS ALSO
MADE FROM PREFABRICATED PARTS AND
THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES, WHICH
WAS A QUICK ASSEMBLY, THIS DOES NOT STOP
BEING EFFECTIVE.
FACILITIES CAPSULES JOINED BY FLEXIBLE
TUBES OF A METER. SOME OPENINGS IN THE
FLOOR OF THE CAPSULES ALLOW ACCESS TO
THESE TUBES FOR CONNECTION, TESTING AND
REPAIR.
STRUCTURAL JOINTS:
THE BONDS OF THE CAPSULES WITH
STRUCTURAL TOWERS WERE MADE POSSIBLE BY
THE USE OF CRANES. THEY RAISED CAPSULES AND
PLACED AT THE DESIRED HEIGHT TO BE WELDED
TO THE TOWER SITE.
TORRES
THE TOWERS, BESIDES BEING THE STRUCTURAL
BASIS OF THE PROJECT, ALSO CONTAIN
BUILDING ENTRANCES AND VERTICAL
COMMUNICATION CORES CONTAIN THE
EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES OF THE PROJECT
AND ARE THE HEART THAT IS “PLUGGED”
CAPSULES.
THE BASE OF THE BUILDING AND THE TOWERS
WERE BUILT WITH A RIGID STRUCTURE OF
STEEL AND REINFORCED CONCRETE, LEAVING
THE LIGHTER CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
CAPSULES.
ENTRANCE
TORRES
SERVICES
10. •PREVENTION SYSTEMS
NOT ONLY IT MET THE LEGAL REQUIREMENTS OF
SECURITY IN THE BUILDING, BUT HE WAS ALSO
ENDOWED WITH EXTRA ESCAPE ROUTES IN CASE
OF FIRE.
THE ADVANTAGE OF HAVING TWO VERTICAL
COMMUNICATION CORES WAS THAT IT INCREASED
THE NUMBER OF ESCAPE ROUTES.
THE STAIRWAYS WERE JOINED BY SEVERAL POINTS
CREATING FLOORS AND BOTH WERE UNITED AND
FLOORS THAT WERE INDEPENDENT.
•TRANSPORT
THE EXECUTION ON SITE HAD SEVERAL PROBLEMS
RELATED TO THE TRANSPORT OF THE MATERIAL.
ON THE ONE HAND, BEING A LOCATION IN THE CITY
CENTER, THE TRUCKS COULD ONLY REACH THE SUN
AT CERTAIN TIMES OF DAY.
THE SITE WAS ALSO REDUCED IN SIZE
CONSIDERING THAT THE WORK HAD TO ARRIVE
AND REMAIN STORED UNTIL ITS USE IN
CONSTRUCTION MANY LARGE PREFABRICATED
ELEMENTS.
ALL THESE PROBLEMS ARE NOT ENVISAGED BY THE
PROJECT TEAM, MADE ONLY COULD CARRY AND SET
A SPECIFIC NUMBER OF CAPSULES A DAY, SLOWING
SOMEHOW PLACING.
MATERIALS
STRUCTURAL CORES ARE
CONSTRUCTED OF RIGID STEEL
FRAMES AND CONCRETE. FROM THE
GROUND FLOOR TO THE SECOND
FLOOR IT WAS USED REINFORCED
CONCRETE WHILE THE UPPER FLOORS
LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE WAS USED.
TO USE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE OF THE
STAIRS, PRECAST CONCRETE WAS
USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE
TOWERS IN SOILS AND PLANT
ENTRANCES TO THE ELEVATORS.
THE CAPSULES ARE COMPOSED OF
STEEL BOXES AND FINISHED WITH
GALVANIZED STEEL PANELS
REINFORCED THOSE WHO ARE GIVEN
AN ANTI OXIDE AND A LAYER OF
SPRAY KENITEX.
OTHER DETAILS
13. THE UNIQUE DESIGN OF THE BUILDING HAS LED TO SOME
MAINTENANCE ISSUES IN RECENT YEARS.
1. ASBESTOS. TO PROVIDE FIRE PROTECTION FOR THE
THE CAPSULES, SPRAY-ON ASBESTOS (CONTAINING
(CONTAINING 12% AMOSITE) WAS USED INSIDE THE
THE CAPSULES UNDER THE FLOORS, AND BEHIND THE
BEHIND THE CEILING AND WALLS. SPRAY ON ASBESTOS
ASBESTOS WAS BANNED IN 1975. THIS MEANS
ASBESTOS REMOVAL EXPERTS ARE REQUIRED TO
TO REMOVE ASBESTOS AND ANY CAPSULE OWNERS
OWNERS SHOULD BE VERY CAUTIOUS WHEN
CONDUCTING RENOVATIONS AS THIS TYPE OF
ASBESTOS CAN BE EASILY DISPERSED.
2. PERSISTENT WATER LEAKS SINCE THE 1980S WHICH
WHICH HAVE LED TO RUST AND CORROSION.
3. AGEING WATER PIPES. SOME WATER PIPES CANNOT BE
CANNOT BE ACCESSED DUE TO THE DESIGN OF THE
THE CAPSULES.
4. DUE TO CONCERNS ABOUT THE DISPERSAL OF
ASBESTOS, THE CENTRAL AIR-CONDITIONING IS OUT
IS OUT OF SERVICE.
5. THE CENTRAL HOT WATER SYSTEM IS BROKEN AND NO
AND NO HOT WATER CAN BE SUPPLIED TO THE
CAPSULES. A SINGLE PORTABLE SHOWER-UNIT IS
IS LOCATED IN THE BUILDING’S GARAGE FOR
RESIDENTS WHO WANT A HOT SHOWER.
6. THE ROUND WINDOWS IN SOME OF THE CAPSULES
CAPSULES ARE FIXED AND CANNOT BE OPENED
(WINDOWS THAT COULD BE OPENED WERE AN
OPTIONAL EXTRA WHEN THE CAPSULES WERE NEW).
NEW).
7. INSTALLING SCAFFOLDING TO REPAIR THE EXTERIOR
EXTERIOR HAS PROVEN DIFFICULT PRESENT TIME CONDITION
14. • NAKAGIN TOWER BASED OF HIS
SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPT CALLED
“METABOLISM” ENCASING HIS VISION OF AN
ARCHITECTURAL MOVEMENT
REPRESENTATIVE OF ORGANIC GROWTH &
RESTRUCTURING WITHIN BUILDING. • IT IS
EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT & RECYCLABLE. • IT
USES SPACE WISELY & HAS A SLENDER
DESIGN, WHICH IS BENEFICIAL FOR THE
• ELEGANT AS AN ABSTRACT CONCEPT, AND
BEAUTIFUL IN DESIGN TO OTHER
ARCHITECTS, THE TOWER TURNED OUT TO BE
ALMOST UNBEARABLE TO ITS INHABITANTS.
TINY APARTMENTS, 8 × 12 × 7 FT, THEY WERE
CONSTANTLY CRAMPED, AND THE GIANT
CONCRETE SHELL WAS UGLY AND
DEHUMANIZING. IN ADDITION, MAINTENANCE
COSTS STARTED TO PILE UP, AND THE VALUE
OF REAL-ESTATE IN THE CENTER OF THE
FAMOUS AND EXPENSIVE GINZA DISTRICT
BEGAN TO PLUMMET.
• REPUTED TO BE THE WORLD’S FIRST
STRUCTURE THAT IMPLEMENTED THE
INNOVATIVE IDEA OF CAPSULE
ARCHITECTURE, KISHO
KUROKAWA DESIGNED THE NAKAGIN
CAPSULE TOWER BASED OFF OF HIS
SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPT CALLED
“METABOLISM”, ENCASING HIS VISION OF
AN ARCHITECTURAL MOVEMENT
REPRESENTATIVE OF ORGANIC GROWTH
AND RESTRUCTURING WITHIN
BUILDINGS.
• THE NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER IS A “MIXED-
SYSTEM” STRUCTURE, UTILIZING BOTH
TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE WITH MODERN
TECHNOLOGY WITHIN ONE ENTITY. IT IS
MADE OF TWO REINFORCED CONCRETE AND
STEEL FRAME PILLARS OF ASYMMETRIC
HEIGHTS, BOTH HOUSING PUBLIC UTILITIES
SUCH AS STAIRS, ELEVATORS, PLUMBING, AND
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS (KUROKAWA 105).
CRITICS
15. 1.Koolhaas & Obrist (2011), p. 388
2.^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Nicolai Ouroussoff, Architecture: Future Vision Banished to the Past, The New York Times, July 7, 2009, Accessed July 7, 2009.
3.Jump up^ Axel Deroubaix, Our Office in the Nakagin Capsule Tower, EYExplore Life, September 24, 2016, Accessed August 12, 2017.
4.^ Jump up to:a b Watanabe (2001), p. 148-149
5.^ Jump up to:a b Forster, Katie Tokyo’s tiny capsules of architectural flair October 3, 2014Japan Times Retrieved March 15, 2016
6.^ Jump up to:a b Yuki Solomon, Kurokawa’s Capsule Tower To Be Razed, Architectural Record, April 30, 2007, Accessed July 7, 2009.
7.Jump up^ "Miko's apartment building". Heroes Wiki. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
8.Jump up^ Movie Locations for The Wolverine Retrieved March 15, 2016
9.Jump up^ Nakagin Capsule Tower on IMDb
10.Jump up^ Nakagin Capsule Tower on IMDb
11.Jump up^ Nakagin Capsule Tower on IMDb
12.Jump up^ Recurring views of Tokyo’s utopian dream Mar 12, 2016 Japan Times Retrieved March 15, 2016
•Noboru Kawazoe, et al. (1960). Metabolism 1960: The Proposals for a New Urbanism. Bitjsutu Shuppan Sha.
•Kisho Kurokawa (1977). Metabolism in Architecture. Studio Vista. ISBN 978-0-289-70733-3
•Kisho Kurokawa (1992). From Metabolism to Symbiosis. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-85490-119-4
•Thomas Daniell (2008). After the Crash: Architecture in Post-Bubble Japan. Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 978-1-56898-776-7
External links[edit]
•Kisho Kurokawa portfolio entry
Notes de l'éditeur
There are rules concerning the number of tatami mats and the layout of the tatami mats in a room. In the Edo period, "auspicious" tatami arrangements and "inauspicious" tatami arrangements were distinctly differentiated, and the tatami accordingly would be rearranged depending on the occasion. In modern practice, the "auspicious" layout is ordinarily used. In this arrangement, the junctions of the tatami form a "T" shape; in the "inauspicious" arrangement, the tatami are in a grid pattern wherein the junctions form a + shape.
An inauspicious layout is said to bring bad fortune
CONSTRUCTION:• Each capsule is tied to one of the concrete cores with only four hightension bolts: two each on the upper & lower sides. That means that every unit is removable &, by updating the capsules, the whole system would be renewed. • The capsule measures 7.5ft x 12.5ft x 7ft, & is built of welded lightweight steel frames-identical to the structure & size of a shipping container-& covered with galvanized rib-reinforced steel panels finished with a coat of kenitex glossy spray. • There is a Plexiglas porthole window on each capsule 4-1/4 ft in diameter
The equipment of each type of capsule varies, but always as basic elements remain the bed, closets for clothes, desk, full bathroom, telephone, air conditioning, color TV, audio equipment, sheets, blankets, toothbrushes and utensils normally offered by hotels.