Carbon Pricing and International Trade, Andrei Marcu, Founder and Executive Director - European Roundtable on Climate Change and Sustainable Transition
This document discusses assessing progress towards the global goal on adaptation as part of the Paris Agreement's Global Stocktake process. It outlines key challenges including the difficulty of aggregating national adaptation efforts to determine global progress. Countries face challenges assessing vulnerability, prioritizing actions, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. The document also discusses opportunities to leverage existing frameworks and enhance adaptation action through the stocktake process. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring, evaluation, and learning systems for adjusting adaptation over time.
Article 6 (carbon markets) will be a huge focus at COP25 in December. This webinar will explain the basics of Article 6, its importance, status of negotiations and more.
Carbon Trading, Emission Balance, Types of Carbon Credit, Voluntary Emissions Reduction (VER), Certified Emissions Reduction (CER), Price of Carbon Credit, Emissions Trading Systems (ETS), Carbon tax , How does carbon pricing work?, Carbon Markets, Trading of Carbon Credits, Trading of Carbon Credits in India
The document discusses key concepts related to global carbon markets and climate change mitigation efforts. It describes the Kyoto Protocol and mechanisms like emissions trading, joint implementation, and the Clean Development Mechanism. China is the largest supplier of emissions reductions credits but Africa accounts for a small share of projects. There is debate around whether requirements should apply equally to developed and developing countries given differences in emissions histories and development levels. Carbon markets aim to reduce emissions cost-effectively but some argue they have not adequately supported projects in countries most vulnerable to climate change.
An Introduction to Carbon Offsets, Markets and ProjectsThe Climate Trust
The document provides an outline and information about carbon offset projects. It discusses that The Climate Trust was founded in 1997 to acquire carbon offsets for new power plants regulated by the Oregon Carbon Dioxide Standard. It developed processes to evaluate, quantify, verify and register offset projects. The document also discusses the types of offset projects including forestry, agriculture, cookstoves, and fertilizer. It provides examples of offset projects in Latin America.
This document discusses assessing progress towards the global goal on adaptation as part of the Paris Agreement's Global Stocktake process. It outlines key challenges including the difficulty of aggregating national adaptation efforts to determine global progress. Countries face challenges assessing vulnerability, prioritizing actions, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. The document also discusses opportunities to leverage existing frameworks and enhance adaptation action through the stocktake process. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring, evaluation, and learning systems for adjusting adaptation over time.
Article 6 (carbon markets) will be a huge focus at COP25 in December. This webinar will explain the basics of Article 6, its importance, status of negotiations and more.
Carbon Trading, Emission Balance, Types of Carbon Credit, Voluntary Emissions Reduction (VER), Certified Emissions Reduction (CER), Price of Carbon Credit, Emissions Trading Systems (ETS), Carbon tax , How does carbon pricing work?, Carbon Markets, Trading of Carbon Credits, Trading of Carbon Credits in India
The document discusses key concepts related to global carbon markets and climate change mitigation efforts. It describes the Kyoto Protocol and mechanisms like emissions trading, joint implementation, and the Clean Development Mechanism. China is the largest supplier of emissions reductions credits but Africa accounts for a small share of projects. There is debate around whether requirements should apply equally to developed and developing countries given differences in emissions histories and development levels. Carbon markets aim to reduce emissions cost-effectively but some argue they have not adequately supported projects in countries most vulnerable to climate change.
An Introduction to Carbon Offsets, Markets and ProjectsThe Climate Trust
The document provides an outline and information about carbon offset projects. It discusses that The Climate Trust was founded in 1997 to acquire carbon offsets for new power plants regulated by the Oregon Carbon Dioxide Standard. It developed processes to evaluate, quantify, verify and register offset projects. The document also discusses the types of offset projects including forestry, agriculture, cookstoves, and fertilizer. It provides examples of offset projects in Latin America.
This document discusses carbon credits and carbon banking. It begins by defining carbon credits as representing one ton of carbon. It then explains how carbon credits were created to control greenhouse gas emissions and how they work as part of an emissions trading system. It discusses the key concepts and mechanisms behind carbon credits, including additionality, criticism of the system, and how carbon credits can benefit countries and companies.
This presentation covers carbon trading, including what it is, its key features, history, criticisms, examples, and carbon credit trading in India. Carbon trading allows countries that exceed their emission limits to purchase credits from countries that emit less. It began as a response to the Kyoto Protocol to limit greenhouse gas emissions. However, critics argue that carbon trading does not effectively address climate change and benefits corporate polluters. Major carbon trading schemes exist in countries like Australia, the EU, and Japan. In India, over 30 million carbon credits have been generated and traded.
This document discusses carbon credits and the carbon trading market. It provides background on climate change and greenhouse gas emissions. It summarizes the Kyoto Protocol and mechanisms established under it like the Clean Development Mechanism, emissions trading, and joint implementation. CDM projects in India like the Himachal Pradesh forestry project and Delhi Metro are highlighted. India is well positioned in the carbon market as a supplier of credits and there are opportunities for accountants and auditors in this growing area.
Carbon credits are certificates awarded for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. They are measured in units of carbon dioxide reduction and can be traded on exchanges. The Kyoto Protocol established a carbon trading system where countries must meet emission reduction targets or purchase credits from countries that have excess. The goal is to lower overall emissions of six greenhouse gases. While developed countries have mandatory targets, developing countries do not due to their historically low emissions per capita.
Introduction to the EU Emission Trading SystemLeonardo ENERGY
The EU ETS Directive is the centrepiece of the European Union’s climate policy. It has created the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), which is a unique and quite com-plex system.
The EU ETS establishes a scheme for greenhouse gas emissions allowances trading within 31 European countries. Its functioning is based on a “cap and trade” principle, which sets a cap on the total amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by all participating installations. Within the cap, companies receive or buy emission allowances which they can trade with one another as needed.
Today, the EU ETS covers almost half of EU’s emissions and is part of the daily life of a large number of companies.
The EU ETS Directive represents the backbone of EU’s action against climate change, but it also works in combination with several other pieces of legislation in a delicate balance.
Our European system has very much evolved during the last 15 years. The existing legislation operates until 2020. It has set a greenhouse gas emissions reduction target in line with EU’s 2050 low carbon economy roadmap. The time has also come to discuss the post-2020 period and the European Commission will soon put forward a new proposal with a 2030 emissions reduction target.
Being the first one to have been setup, the European scheme is analysed and taken as exam-ple in other regions of the world where emissions trading starts being implemented.
This course aims at giving a presentation of the EU ETS Directive, the main features of the sys-tem, the balance with other pieces of EU legislation and at offering perspectives for the on-coming review of the scheme.
1) Green bonds are fixed income instruments that raise capital for projects with environmental benefits. The market has grown rapidly, with estimated issuance reaching $100 billion in 2015 and $1 trillion by 2020.
2) Green bonds ensure that proceeds are used only for eligible green projects and that environmental impacts are properly monitored and reported. Standards like the Green Bond Principles provide guidelines for issuance and transparency.
3) Drivers of growth include increasing demand from socially responsible investors, efforts to mitigate climate change, and policy directives in Asia to develop green bond markets. However, challenges remain around standardization, developing secondary markets, and ensuring a steady pipeline of high-quality projects.
BEPS Webcast #8 - Launch of the 2015 Final ReportsOECDtax
Senior members from the OECD's Centre for Tax Policy and Administration (CTPA) commented on the final outputs of the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Project Shifting Project, including the next steps and the involvement of developing countries.
Kyoto and Beyond: The Evolution of Multilateral Agreements on Climate ChangeISCIENCES, L.L.C.
The document provides an overview of the evolution of multilateral agreements on climate change from the 1970s to present day, with a focus on the Kyoto Protocol. It describes several important early agreements and conventions in the 1970s-1980s that helped bring international attention to environmental issues. It then outlines the key developments in the 1990s that led to the drafting of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. The document discusses the Kyoto Protocol period from 2005-2008 and challenges faced by countries in meeting emissions targets. It concludes by looking at climate change discussions and agreements after 2009, including negotiations on the future of the Protocol.
The document discusses carbon offset mechanisms and markets. It provides an overview of The Climate Trust, a carbon fund manager with expertise in developing climate solutions projects. It then summarizes several carbon pricing programs and markets including cap and trade systems in California and China, as well as offset standards and project types. Specific project examples discussed include livestock digesters, forestry, and nutrient management. Pricing data is provided for compliance and voluntary carbon markets.
Verra’s Consolidated REDD methodology for high-integrity forest carbon projectsCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Basanta Gautam (Verra) at "Bonn Climate Change Conference (SB58) side event: High-integrity forest carbon markets: from global stock-taking to advancing science" on 8 Jun 2023
Presentation on IEA Net Zero Pathways/RoadmapIEA-ETSAP
Presentation on IEA Net Zero Pathways/Roadmap
Uwe Remme, IEA
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Presentation from the OECD Workshop “Climate transition scenarios: integrating models into risk assessment under uncertainty and the cost of delayed action” (6 July 2022) - Session 1, Stéphane Dees, and Annabelle De Gaye, Banque de France
Forests, Climate Change and REDD+: A brief introductionCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Maria Brockhaus at a workshop on 'Sharing insights across REDD+ countries: Opportunities and obstacles for effective, efficient, and equitable REDD+ carbon and non-carbon results', held from 21-23 February 2017 in Naypyidaw, Myanmar.
Status and potential of energy and carbon trading in indiaAbhik Tushar Das
The document discusses carbon markets and carbon trading in India. It provides background on greenhouse gases and the Kyoto Protocol. Key points:
1) The Kyoto Protocol established a carbon market to allow countries to meet emissions reduction targets through buying credits from other countries.
2) Countries can engage in projects to reduce emissions and generate credits through the Clean Development Mechanism or Joint Implementation. Emissions trading also allows countries to trade allowances.
3) India has significant potential for carbon trading through renewable energy and energy efficiency projects that generate credits under the Clean Development Mechanism. However, issues around additionality and sustainable development still need to be addressed.
In a joint effort, CDP, the UN Global Compact, WRI and WWF launched the Science Based Targets initiative to engage companies in setting ambitious GHG reduction targets as a response to the urgent call of the IPCC to decarbonize the economy. Ecofys was commissioned as consultancy partner to support the development of a new methodology to guide companies in setting science-based targets.
In this webinar Giel Linthorst will present the developed methodology, called the Sectoral Decarbonization Approach (SDA). Next to this, he will also present the results of applying this SDA-methodology to various multinational companies and highlight some specific cases.
This document discusses carbon credits and their role in addressing climate change. It begins by explaining the causes and impacts of climate change. It then defines carbon credits as certificates issued for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Countries can trade carbon credits on the international market under the Kyoto Protocol's emissions trading mechanism. The document provides details on how carbon credits are generated and traded, and the role of the Clean Development Mechanism and other frameworks in facilitating emissions reductions between developed and developing countries. It concludes by emphasizing the social and economic benefits of participating in carbon credit markets.
A general overview on carbon tax and carbon trading describing it's mechanism and advantages and disadvantages. A summarization of their effects on economy and environment remarking the conclusion
Carbon credits represent the right to emit one ton of carbon dioxide. The Kyoto Protocol established a cap and trade system where countries are assigned emission limits and can trade carbon credits. If a country emits less than its limit, it can sell excess credits to countries that exceed their limits. While carbon trading provides incentives to reduce emissions, it has been criticized for allowing countries to simply buy credits rather than reduce their own emissions and lacking a unified global framework.
Mary Veronica Tovsak Pleterski's power-point presentationtankesmedjanfores
The document summarizes key aspects of the future of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) in Phase 3 from 2013-2020 and beyond. It outlines that the ETS will have a predictable, linear cap on emissions that declines each year. It will also expand to cover more industrial sectors and greenhouse gases. Auctioning will be the default method to allocate allowances, and free allocation will phase out for most industrial sectors by 2027. A common auction platform and oversight measures will help ensure integrity and prevent market abuse. International credits will be restricted to increase incentives for more ambitious domestic emissions reductions. The long term vision is for the ETS and other carbon markets to incentivize more countries and sectors to adopt cap and trade
Presentation by The Climate Trust's Executive Director, Sean Penrith, at the Northwest Legislators Carbon Policy Forum. Presentation includes: the basics of cap, tax and dividend; real world performance; Oregon's choices; and implications for the region and compliance with the Clean Power Plan.
This document discusses carbon credits and carbon banking. It begins by defining carbon credits as representing one ton of carbon. It then explains how carbon credits were created to control greenhouse gas emissions and how they work as part of an emissions trading system. It discusses the key concepts and mechanisms behind carbon credits, including additionality, criticism of the system, and how carbon credits can benefit countries and companies.
This presentation covers carbon trading, including what it is, its key features, history, criticisms, examples, and carbon credit trading in India. Carbon trading allows countries that exceed their emission limits to purchase credits from countries that emit less. It began as a response to the Kyoto Protocol to limit greenhouse gas emissions. However, critics argue that carbon trading does not effectively address climate change and benefits corporate polluters. Major carbon trading schemes exist in countries like Australia, the EU, and Japan. In India, over 30 million carbon credits have been generated and traded.
This document discusses carbon credits and the carbon trading market. It provides background on climate change and greenhouse gas emissions. It summarizes the Kyoto Protocol and mechanisms established under it like the Clean Development Mechanism, emissions trading, and joint implementation. CDM projects in India like the Himachal Pradesh forestry project and Delhi Metro are highlighted. India is well positioned in the carbon market as a supplier of credits and there are opportunities for accountants and auditors in this growing area.
Carbon credits are certificates awarded for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. They are measured in units of carbon dioxide reduction and can be traded on exchanges. The Kyoto Protocol established a carbon trading system where countries must meet emission reduction targets or purchase credits from countries that have excess. The goal is to lower overall emissions of six greenhouse gases. While developed countries have mandatory targets, developing countries do not due to their historically low emissions per capita.
Introduction to the EU Emission Trading SystemLeonardo ENERGY
The EU ETS Directive is the centrepiece of the European Union’s climate policy. It has created the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), which is a unique and quite com-plex system.
The EU ETS establishes a scheme for greenhouse gas emissions allowances trading within 31 European countries. Its functioning is based on a “cap and trade” principle, which sets a cap on the total amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by all participating installations. Within the cap, companies receive or buy emission allowances which they can trade with one another as needed.
Today, the EU ETS covers almost half of EU’s emissions and is part of the daily life of a large number of companies.
The EU ETS Directive represents the backbone of EU’s action against climate change, but it also works in combination with several other pieces of legislation in a delicate balance.
Our European system has very much evolved during the last 15 years. The existing legislation operates until 2020. It has set a greenhouse gas emissions reduction target in line with EU’s 2050 low carbon economy roadmap. The time has also come to discuss the post-2020 period and the European Commission will soon put forward a new proposal with a 2030 emissions reduction target.
Being the first one to have been setup, the European scheme is analysed and taken as exam-ple in other regions of the world where emissions trading starts being implemented.
This course aims at giving a presentation of the EU ETS Directive, the main features of the sys-tem, the balance with other pieces of EU legislation and at offering perspectives for the on-coming review of the scheme.
1) Green bonds are fixed income instruments that raise capital for projects with environmental benefits. The market has grown rapidly, with estimated issuance reaching $100 billion in 2015 and $1 trillion by 2020.
2) Green bonds ensure that proceeds are used only for eligible green projects and that environmental impacts are properly monitored and reported. Standards like the Green Bond Principles provide guidelines for issuance and transparency.
3) Drivers of growth include increasing demand from socially responsible investors, efforts to mitigate climate change, and policy directives in Asia to develop green bond markets. However, challenges remain around standardization, developing secondary markets, and ensuring a steady pipeline of high-quality projects.
BEPS Webcast #8 - Launch of the 2015 Final ReportsOECDtax
Senior members from the OECD's Centre for Tax Policy and Administration (CTPA) commented on the final outputs of the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Project Shifting Project, including the next steps and the involvement of developing countries.
Kyoto and Beyond: The Evolution of Multilateral Agreements on Climate ChangeISCIENCES, L.L.C.
The document provides an overview of the evolution of multilateral agreements on climate change from the 1970s to present day, with a focus on the Kyoto Protocol. It describes several important early agreements and conventions in the 1970s-1980s that helped bring international attention to environmental issues. It then outlines the key developments in the 1990s that led to the drafting of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. The document discusses the Kyoto Protocol period from 2005-2008 and challenges faced by countries in meeting emissions targets. It concludes by looking at climate change discussions and agreements after 2009, including negotiations on the future of the Protocol.
The document discusses carbon offset mechanisms and markets. It provides an overview of The Climate Trust, a carbon fund manager with expertise in developing climate solutions projects. It then summarizes several carbon pricing programs and markets including cap and trade systems in California and China, as well as offset standards and project types. Specific project examples discussed include livestock digesters, forestry, and nutrient management. Pricing data is provided for compliance and voluntary carbon markets.
Verra’s Consolidated REDD methodology for high-integrity forest carbon projectsCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Basanta Gautam (Verra) at "Bonn Climate Change Conference (SB58) side event: High-integrity forest carbon markets: from global stock-taking to advancing science" on 8 Jun 2023
Presentation on IEA Net Zero Pathways/RoadmapIEA-ETSAP
Presentation on IEA Net Zero Pathways/Roadmap
Uwe Remme, IEA
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Presentation from the OECD Workshop “Climate transition scenarios: integrating models into risk assessment under uncertainty and the cost of delayed action” (6 July 2022) - Session 1, Stéphane Dees, and Annabelle De Gaye, Banque de France
Forests, Climate Change and REDD+: A brief introductionCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Maria Brockhaus at a workshop on 'Sharing insights across REDD+ countries: Opportunities and obstacles for effective, efficient, and equitable REDD+ carbon and non-carbon results', held from 21-23 February 2017 in Naypyidaw, Myanmar.
Status and potential of energy and carbon trading in indiaAbhik Tushar Das
The document discusses carbon markets and carbon trading in India. It provides background on greenhouse gases and the Kyoto Protocol. Key points:
1) The Kyoto Protocol established a carbon market to allow countries to meet emissions reduction targets through buying credits from other countries.
2) Countries can engage in projects to reduce emissions and generate credits through the Clean Development Mechanism or Joint Implementation. Emissions trading also allows countries to trade allowances.
3) India has significant potential for carbon trading through renewable energy and energy efficiency projects that generate credits under the Clean Development Mechanism. However, issues around additionality and sustainable development still need to be addressed.
In a joint effort, CDP, the UN Global Compact, WRI and WWF launched the Science Based Targets initiative to engage companies in setting ambitious GHG reduction targets as a response to the urgent call of the IPCC to decarbonize the economy. Ecofys was commissioned as consultancy partner to support the development of a new methodology to guide companies in setting science-based targets.
In this webinar Giel Linthorst will present the developed methodology, called the Sectoral Decarbonization Approach (SDA). Next to this, he will also present the results of applying this SDA-methodology to various multinational companies and highlight some specific cases.
This document discusses carbon credits and their role in addressing climate change. It begins by explaining the causes and impacts of climate change. It then defines carbon credits as certificates issued for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Countries can trade carbon credits on the international market under the Kyoto Protocol's emissions trading mechanism. The document provides details on how carbon credits are generated and traded, and the role of the Clean Development Mechanism and other frameworks in facilitating emissions reductions between developed and developing countries. It concludes by emphasizing the social and economic benefits of participating in carbon credit markets.
A general overview on carbon tax and carbon trading describing it's mechanism and advantages and disadvantages. A summarization of their effects on economy and environment remarking the conclusion
Carbon credits represent the right to emit one ton of carbon dioxide. The Kyoto Protocol established a cap and trade system where countries are assigned emission limits and can trade carbon credits. If a country emits less than its limit, it can sell excess credits to countries that exceed their limits. While carbon trading provides incentives to reduce emissions, it has been criticized for allowing countries to simply buy credits rather than reduce their own emissions and lacking a unified global framework.
Similaire à Carbon Pricing and International Trade, Andrei Marcu, Founder and Executive Director - European Roundtable on Climate Change and Sustainable Transition
Mary Veronica Tovsak Pleterski's power-point presentationtankesmedjanfores
The document summarizes key aspects of the future of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) in Phase 3 from 2013-2020 and beyond. It outlines that the ETS will have a predictable, linear cap on emissions that declines each year. It will also expand to cover more industrial sectors and greenhouse gases. Auctioning will be the default method to allocate allowances, and free allocation will phase out for most industrial sectors by 2027. A common auction platform and oversight measures will help ensure integrity and prevent market abuse. International credits will be restricted to increase incentives for more ambitious domestic emissions reductions. The long term vision is for the ETS and other carbon markets to incentivize more countries and sectors to adopt cap and trade
Presentation by The Climate Trust's Executive Director, Sean Penrith, at the Northwest Legislators Carbon Policy Forum. Presentation includes: the basics of cap, tax and dividend; real world performance; Oregon's choices; and implications for the region and compliance with the Clean Power Plan.
The European Union has agreed on a new 2030 Framework for climate and energy, which includes EU-wide targets and policy objectives for the period between 2020 and 2030. The targets aim to help the EU achieve a more competitive, secure and sustainable energy system and to meet its long-term 2050 greenhouse gas reductions target as set out in the 2050 Low Carbon Roadmap.
The framework was created to communicate to the market a clear commitment by the EU in view of encouraging private investment in new networks and low-carbon technologies. The targets themselves are based on a thorough analysis made by the European Commission that measured how to cost-effectively achieve decarbonisation by 2050.
The key targets are:
* 40% cut in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels);
* at least 27% of EU energy from renewables in terms of final consumption;
* and, at least 27% energy savings compared to business-as-usual.
The EU ETS and global level playing field: the carbon leakage listLeonardo ENERGY
In the design of the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) aiming at reducing greenhouse gas emissions in Europe in a cost-effective manner, the co-legislators introduced an element aimed at restoring global level playing field for the industrial sectors which would see their international competitiveness hampered by the additional costs brought by European policy. It was decided that sectors exposed to a high risk of carbon leakage would benefit from a certain amount of free allocation of emission allowances as long as their competitors outside of the EU are not subject to comparable policies.
The definition of “carbon leakage” itself is multifaceted and disputed. The system that has been built ad hoc at EU level is no less complex and burdensome. It has resulted in the elaboration of a series of eligibility steps, going from the periodic carbon leakage list through product-specific benchmarks to the application of a reduction factor aiming at keeping the level of emissions under the cap set in the Directive.
This course will look at this system from the legislative principles viewpoint as well as from the practical side based on past experience. It will also present some perspectives from the EU ETS review exercise launched in July 2015. Last but not least, it will revert back to the global perspective by observing the state of play in the aftermath of the COP21.
This document summarizes information about Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) and the carbon markets. CERs are carbon credits issued under the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol for emission reductions from projects in developing countries. The key points covered are:
1) CERs are mandatory credits used for compliance with programs like the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, while voluntary credits (VERs) are used for voluntary reductions.
2) Changes to the EU ETS in its third phase from 2013-2020 will significantly increase demand for CERs while restricting supply.
3) Investing in CERs now provides exposure to the carbon market which is expected to grow as cap
This document summarizes the results of modeling pathways for Germany's energy transition and achieving its climate targets. It finds that:
1) A fast phase out of coal in Germany by 2030-2035 can help meet short term climate targets but stronger European cooperation is needed to achieve long term 2050 targets.
2) National actions through a "Coalition of the Willing" among some EU states can help bridge gaps but will not be sufficient on their own.
3) A fast coal phase out would increase electricity costs slightly but require large additional system costs of €41-106 billion that would need to be compensated.
4) Replacing coal primarily relies on increased gas, imports,
The Committee on Climate Change published its latest advice on UK progress reducing emissions. While emissions fell 8% in 2014, uncertainties remain in power, buildings, transport and other sectors. The Committee recommends extending low-carbon policies and funding streams beyond the next few years to provide certainty. It also recommends specific actions in the power, buildings and transport sectors. The Committee sees potential for significant sustainable bioenergy supply from waste and residues, including for anaerobic digestion, but notes it is important to use this optimally and avoid lock-in to keep options open. The government must respond to the report by October, and the Committee will advise on the fifth carbon budget by end of year.
Presentation by Alison Todd during the SBO meeting Climate Group of the OECD Working Party of Parliamentary, Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions held on 8 December 2022.
The document discusses the European Commission's recommendation for an EU climate target for 2040:
- It recommends a 90% net greenhouse gas reduction target for 2040 compared to 1990 levels.
- This target was determined based on a detailed impact assessment and advice from the EU's climate advisory board.
- The 2040 target aims to put the EU on a pathway to achieving climate neutrality by 2050 in line with the European Climate Law.
- The recommendation for a 2040 target will inform discussions on the EU's next Nationally Determined Contribution to be submitted in 2025 under the Paris Agreement.
In this session we will look at some of the policy options for tackling climate change with the long term aim of de-carbonisation
In 2015, the earth’s surface temperature was around 0.9 Celsius degrees warmer than the 20th century average
Many economists recommend applying the polluter pays principle and placing a price on carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. This can be implemented either through a carbon tax (known as a price instrument) or a cap-and-trade scheme (a so-called quantity instrument).
Although the European Union had legislated in the area of energy policy for many years, the concept of introducing a mandatory and comprehensive European energy policy was for a long time not approved. With the Treaty of Lisbon this changed. The Treaty includes legal solidarity in matters of energy supply and gives the EU the right to change energy policy within the EU.
Following the adoption of the Kyoto protocol, the EU set out in implementing the greenhouse gas reductions goals. Given the flagship initiative at the time of Europe 2020, the climate and energy package that was proposed in 2007 and adopted in 2009 took the form of the 20 20 20 by 2020 goals. The package is a set of binding legislation to ensure the EU meets its climate and energy targets by the year 2020. It includes three key targets:
* 20% cut in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels)
* 20% of EU energy from renewables
* 20% improvement in energy efficiency
This presentation created and addressed by Gonzalo Saenz de Miera in the intensive three day course from the BC3, Basque Centre for Climate Change and UPV/EHU (University of the Basque Country) on Climate Change in the Uda Ikastaroak Framework.
The objective of the BC3 Summer School is to offer an updated and multidisciplinary view of the ongoing trends in climate change research. The BC3 Summer School is organized in collaboration with the University of the Basque Country and is a high quality and excellent summer course gathering leading experts in the field and students from top universities and research centres worldwide.
Yvon Slingenberg, Head of Unit B1- Implementation of ETS, DG CLIMA, European ...European Journalism Centre
The EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is the largest multi-country greenhouse gas emissions trading system in the world. It aims to reduce emissions cost-effectively. The EU ETS covers around 50% of EU emissions and has led to a 13.7% reduction in emissions from 2005-2009. Revisions to the EU ETS starting in 2013 include a stricter cap, increased auctioning of allowances, and benchmarks to determine free allocation. The EU ETS is intended to work with other EU climate and energy policies and serve as a building block for a robust international carbon market through linking with other cap-and-trade systems. Addressing surplus emissions credits is needed to support carbon prices.
Similaire à Carbon Pricing and International Trade, Andrei Marcu, Founder and Executive Director - European Roundtable on Climate Change and Sustainable Transition (20)
European integration of Ukraine in the “water quality” sectorOECD Environment
Presented at the 11th roundtable on financing water in Brussels, Belgium on 30-31 May, 2024.
Ministerial Speech by Ruslan Strilets, Minister, Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources, Ukraine
Presented at the 11th roundtable on financing water in Brussels, Belgium on 30-31 May, 2024.
Intervention by Günter Liebel, Former Secretary General, Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Regions and Water Management, Austria
The Enabling Environment for Investment in Water Security.pdfOECD Environment
Presented at the 11th roundtable on financing water in Brussels, Belgium on 30-31 May, 2024.
Intervention by Guy Halpern, Policy Analyst, Environment Directorate, OECD
AFD’s activity in EU’s Eastern Partnership Countries in a nutshell.pdfOECD Environment
Presented at the 11th roundtable on financing water in Brussels, Belgium on 30-31 May, 2024.
Intervention by Tanguy Vincent, Task Team Leader Agriculture, Rural Development, Biodiversity, Agence Française de Développement (AFD)
Presented at the 11th roundtable on financing water in Brussels, Belgium on 30-31 May, 2024.
Intervention by Dina Pons, Managing Partner, Incofin Investment Management
Financing of River Basin Management Plans in Ukraine.pdfOECD Environment
Presented at the 11th roundtable on financing water in Brussels, Belgium on 30-31 May, 2024.
Intervention by Mykhaylo Yanchuk, Head of the State Water Agency, Ukraine
Presented at the 11th roundtable on financing water in Brussels, Belgium on 30-31 May, 2024.
Intervention by Sophie Tremolet, Water Team Lead, Environment Directorate, OECD
Insights on Nature-Based Solutions from the European Commission.pdfOECD Environment
Presented at the 11th roundtable on financing water in Brussels, Belgium on 30-31 May, 2024.
Intervention by Karin Zaunberger, Policy Officer, European Commission, Directorate General for Environment (DG ENV)
PPTs - TAIEX TSI MNB-OECD-EC Launch Event: Technical implementation of the Su...OECD Environment
Presentations from the TAIEX TSI MNB-OECD-EC Launch Event: Technical implementation of the Supervisory Framework for Assessing Nature-related Financial Risks to the Hungarian financial sector, 7 June 2024.
OECD Green Talks LIVE | Diving deeper: the evolving landscape for assessing w...OECD Environment
Water is critical for meeting commitments of the Paris Agreement and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Our economies rely on water, with recent estimates putting the economic value of water and freshwater ecosystems at USD 58 trillion - equivalent to 60% of global GDP. At the same time, water related risks are increasing in frequency and scale in the context of climate change.
How are investments shaping our economies and societies exposure to water risk? What role can the financial system play in supporting water security? And how can increased understanding of how finance both impacts and depends on water resources spur action towards greater water security?
This OECD Green Talks LIVE on Tuesday 14 May 2024 from 15:00 to 16:00 CEST discussed the evolving landscape for assessing water risks to the financial system.
OECD Policy Analyst Lylah Davies presented key findings and recommendations from recent OECD work on assessing the financial materiality of water-related risks, including the recently published paper “Watered down? Investigating the financial materiality of water-related risks” and was joined by experts to discuss relevant initiatives underway.
Detlef Van Vuuren- Integrated modelling for interrelated crises.pdfOECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Thomas Hertel- Integrated Policies for the Triple Planetary Crisis.pdfOECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Jon Sampedro - Assessing synergies and trade offs for health and sustainable ...OECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Astrid Bos - Identifying trade offs & searching for synergies.pdfOECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Ruth Delzeit - Modelling environmental and socio-economic impacts of cropland...OECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Wilfried Winiwarter - Implementing nitrogen pollution control pathways in the...OECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Laurent Drouet - Physical and Economic Risks of Climate Change.pdfOECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
HyeJin Kim and Simon Smart - The biodiversity nexus across multiple drivers: ...OECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
BASIC CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENT AND DIFFERENT CONSTITUTENET OF ENVIRONMENT
Carbon Pricing and International Trade, Andrei Marcu, Founder and Executive Director - European Roundtable on Climate Change and Sustainable Transition
1. Andrei Marcu
June 30, 2021
Carbon Pricing and International Trade
Carbon Market Platform
2. • Paris Agreement strong objectives
• Increasing asymmetry of climate efforts - NDC nationally determined
• Paris Agreement objectives
• Carbon neutrality
• 1.5/20 C
• European Green Deal changed circumstances
• EU Climate Law and carbon neutrality
• Increase 2030 level of ambition from -40% to -55%
• EUA prices --- from 5 to 50
• Running out of free allocation
Why Are We Discussing This Now?
2
3. 2030 Climate Targets: European Union ahead of
the curve compared to the rest of the world
3
Source: Climate Action Tracker, 2021
4. - Several countries have announced Net Zero targets by 2050 (China 2060) however only a few
countries increased their ambition in the updated NDC targets by 2030
2030 Climate Targets
• EU: “Endorses a binding EU target of reduction of at least 55% in greenhouse gas emissions
by 2030 compared to 1990. Calls on the co-legislators to reflect this new target in the
European Climate Law proposal and to adopt the latter swiftly” (11 Dec 2020)
• 73 countries (including EU 27) have submitted a new or updated NDC
• However out of this 73 only a few countries submitted a stonger NDC target: EU (as a party),
Argentina, Chile, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nepal, Norway, UAE, UK
2050 Net Zero Targets
• 58 countries have communicated a net-zero targets including: EU (as a party), Canada, USA,
UK, Japan, South Africa, South Korea and China (by 2060), etc.
International climate situation: asymmetry of
climate targets
4
Source: Climatewatch, 2020
5. • Border carbon adjustments (BCAs) seek to alleviate negative
effects of asymmetrical climate policies
• They can have three main objectives:
- level the playing field in competitive markets
- prevent leakage of carbon emissions to jurisdictions with weaker policies
- incentivise trade partners to strengthen their own climate efforts
BCA Definition
5
6. Coverage of Trade
Flows
During the pilot phase, the proposed CBAM covers imports, with leakage related to exports addressed separately
through continued, but declining free allocation to European producers for both domestically consumed and
exported products
Policy Mechanism It could extend the ETS to imports, but have imports dealing in a virtual pool of allowances
Geographic Scope The only national exemptions from the coverage of the proposed CBAM are for least developed countries, small
island developing states, and states with whom the EU has linked emissions trading systems.
Sectoral Scope Cover any sectors, sub-sectors identified at risk of leakage under ETS
As well: Any sectors at risk of leakage due to carbon costs in input goods (Scope 3)
Emissions Scope During the pilot phase, the proposed CBAM covers direct (Scope 1) emissions and indirect (Scope 3) emissions
embedded in raw material inputs that are themselves covered products.
Determination of
Embedded Emissions
Default emissions intensity for importers: global sectoral average
Possibility for more than one sectoral benchmark, based on production method
Importers can challenge the default with third-party verified data
Calculation of the
Charge
Product of:
• Global average intensity
• Difference between the price of EUAs and an explicit carbon price in the exporting jurisdiction
• Factor that reflects the amount of free allocation received by EU producers
• Where no explicit price of carbon in exporting jurisdiction: cost of carbon based on a negotiated agreement
between the EU and the country of origin
Use of Revenue Revenue directed to:
• Administrative cost
• Defraying certification costs for importers
• Funding mitigation actions in trade partner countries affected by the CBAM;
• Contributing to the EU budget (“Own Resources”) 6
7. • US overview – White House carbon neutrality annoucements
• California - existing BCA for electricity
• New York State - draft of a Carbon Pricing Proposal containing the BCA provision
• US/China/EU Club – potentially covering over 60% of global emissions
• Canada and the provincies exploring the potential of a border carbon
adjustment (Biden – Trudeau cooperation)
• UK - COP 26 and G7 presidencies
• Ukraine - adopting EU’s acquis, potentially considering EU-like CBAM
• China remains cautious towards the EU CBAM (trade issues)
• Japan is considering further carbon pricing and BCA
BCA discussion Status – climate diplomacy
7
8. • California grants free allowances to industrial facilities according to a tier-based approach to assess the
carbon leakage risk, which divides installations into tiers of “low”, “medium”, and “high” based on levels of
emissions intensity and trade exposure.
• The free assistance factor is lower for facilities with a lower leakage risk. However, amendments to the
regulation set all assistance factors to 100% for 2021-2030, citing continued vulnerability to carbon leakage
• California’s ETS holds “first deliverers” of electricity liable for emissions of electricity imported from outside
California (in the absence of a linked ETS)
• Where the carbon intensity of an electricity source is unspecified, is is assumed to be above the coverage
threshold, and subject to a default emissions factor
• Challenge: Resource shuffling – entities lowered their compliance obligation by substituting low-carbon
electricity and swapping out related PPAs
• Addressed by updating the regulatory framework, which now expressly proscribes resource shuffling and
sets out a detailed list of “safe harbor” practices
California‘s BCA for Electricity Imports
8
9. • National price on carbon (Healthy Recovery – December Action Plan)
• Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act gives flexibility to provinces placing minimum
price
• The charge which will rise to $50 per tonne of CO2 by 2022, begins at $20 in 2019and
increases by $10 per year until 2022, in discussion $170 for 2030
• Canada is exploring the potential of a border carbon adjustment and
committed to discussing this idea with international partners. This type of
adjustment attempts to prevent carbon leakage
• In Canada’s case the policy instrument would presumably be the output-
based pricing system (OBPS), a regime stablished under the Greenhous Gas
Pollution Pricing Act (GGPPA) – federal level
Canada national level
9
10. • Identifying sectors vulnerable to leakage in the UK, and assessing
policy options and their implications to address leakage risks,
focusing in this instance on a border carbon adjustment (BCA)
similar to the EU CBAM
• The UK is considering this option without preference to other ways
to address carbon leakage – linking the ETS
UK
10
11. • Existing bilateral or regional arrangements – such as the EU Association
Agreements – as grounds to merit an exemption
• First, countries in such relationships have intense and deepening trade relationships
with the EU (customs union)
• Second, those countries have typically committed as part of their agreements to
strengthen environmental policies, adopting EU’s acquis
• Readiness to be part of the EU CBAM, during the transition period of
establishing the ETS system and joining the EU scheme
Ukraine
11
12. 12
The evolution of the EU carbon leakage framework
• EU Installations considered to be at a high risk of carbon leakage receive a high share of
free allowances
• An official list of sectors and sub-sectors deemed at risk of CL is continuously amended,
to reflect technological change and increased EU climate ambition
• During phase 3 (2013-2020) of the EU ETS, a sector is considered to be at risk if two
conditions are met:
The sum of direct and indirect additions costs is at least 30; or
The non-EU trade intensity is above 30%
• The amount of free allocation for each installations is calculated based on a formula
where production quantity is multiplied with the benchmark value for that particular
product, which is equal to the emissions per ton of product emitted by the best
performing 10% of EU installations
• Installations in the carbon leakage list receive 100% free allocation at the benchmark
• Free allocaiton for Installations in other sectors is reduced, from 80% in 2013 to 30% in
2020
13. 13
The evolution of the EU carbon leakage framework 2
• During the period 2013-2020, 43% of total allowances will be available for free allocation
• If demand exceeds 43%, a cross-sectoral correction factor is applied, equalt to 22% in 2020.
• In phase 4 of the EU ETA (2021-2030), free allocation will focus on sectors at high risk of CL, for
less exposed sectors free allocation will be phased out after 2026, from 30% to 0% in 2030.
• Free allocation will better reflect actual production levels and technological progresses.
Benchmark values will be updated twice in phase 4, the annual reduction rate will vary
between 0.2% and 1.6%, depending on the innovation uptake of the sector
Allocation to individual installations will reflect relevant production changes, with a
thresholds for adjustment set at 15%, to be assessed every two years
• The EU still lacks an harmonized approach for indirect cost compensation, which is largely left
to the discretion of MS
• The Commission has hinted that sectors covered by CBAM will no longer be eligible for free
allocation
• Other stakeholders argue that CBAM and FA can be complementary, with FA covering emissions
at the benchmark and CBAM being applied on emissions exceeding the EU benchmark.
Notes de l'éditeur
It is a long slide show, so we’ll go quickly over background etc to have time to focus on the core issues!