This document outlines a unit plan for teaching about fossils and geologic time over the course of 7 class days. It aims to meet various state science objectives related to earth history, radiometric dating, paleoenvironments, and evolution. The plan incorporates hands-on activities with fossils, group work, readings, videos, and computer lab time for research. Students will create a Wordle and presentations to demonstrate their understanding of how fossils and geologic time evidence our understanding of Earth's history.
El documento describe los fundamentos básicos del diseño, incluyendo elementos conceptuales como punto, línea, plano y volumen; elementos visuales como forma, medida, color y textura; elementos de relación como dirección, posición, espacio y gravedad; y elementos prácticos como representación, significado y función. Explica que estos elementos son utilizados por los diseñadores para resolver problemas prácticos y crear diseños que cumplen una función y transmiten un mensaje.
Combattre l'érosion éolienne : un volet de la lutte contre la désertification...csfd
Mainguet Monique et Dumay Frédéric, 2006. Combattre l'érosion éolienne : un volet de la lutte contre la désertification. Les dossiers thématiques du CSFD. Numéro 3. 44 pp. - L’érosion éolienne est une des manifestations les plus criantes de la désertification. Quels sont les mécanismes de l’action du vent ? Comment suivre ce phénomène ? Ce dossier répond à ces questions et fait également un bilan des techniques de lutte contre l’ensablement et l’érosion éolienne.
Pleistocene Refugia and Distribution of Tree Species in the AlpsMauro Lanfranchi
The document discusses how tree species in the Alps survived glacial periods and their current distribution. During the Pleistocene ice ages, the expansion of Arctic ice caps forced tree species southward. Plants survived in refugia above the ice sheets, such as in nunataks and between 2000-2500m altitude. As the ice retreated, species recolonized from these refugia. The cycles of contraction and expansion during the Pleistocene led to genetic signatures in plant genomes and structured biodiversity across Europe. The document also outlines the major Pleistocene glacial periods and how vegetation zones shifted with changing climates.
Past Climate as the key to understand the future: example from the Mediterran...CAESCG.org
By Vincenzo Pascucci
Dipartimento di Scienze Botaniche, Ecologiche é Geologiche.
Universitá di Sassari
pascucci@uniss.it
Conferencia impartida en el marco de los viernes científicos de la Universidad de Almería
This document discusses key concepts in geology including the difference between a timeline and timescale, relative and absolute dating, fossils, index fossils, rock layers, and unconformities. It explains that timelines show events in order while timescales assign numerical ages. Relative dating compares rock layers while absolute dating assigns numerical ages. Most fossils are preserved in sedimentary rock. Index fossils found in specific rock layers worldwide can help correlate rock sequences. The oldest rock layers are on the bottom according to the law of superposition, though layers can be disturbed by folding, faulting, or volcanic intrusions creating unconformities.
This document outlines a unit plan for teaching about fossils and geologic time over the course of 7 class days. It aims to meet various state science objectives related to earth history, radiometric dating, paleoenvironments, and evolution. The plan incorporates hands-on activities with fossils, group work, readings, videos, and computer lab time for research. Students will create a Wordle and presentations to demonstrate their understanding of how fossils and geologic time evidence our understanding of Earth's history.
El documento describe los fundamentos básicos del diseño, incluyendo elementos conceptuales como punto, línea, plano y volumen; elementos visuales como forma, medida, color y textura; elementos de relación como dirección, posición, espacio y gravedad; y elementos prácticos como representación, significado y función. Explica que estos elementos son utilizados por los diseñadores para resolver problemas prácticos y crear diseños que cumplen una función y transmiten un mensaje.
Combattre l'érosion éolienne : un volet de la lutte contre la désertification...csfd
Mainguet Monique et Dumay Frédéric, 2006. Combattre l'érosion éolienne : un volet de la lutte contre la désertification. Les dossiers thématiques du CSFD. Numéro 3. 44 pp. - L’érosion éolienne est une des manifestations les plus criantes de la désertification. Quels sont les mécanismes de l’action du vent ? Comment suivre ce phénomène ? Ce dossier répond à ces questions et fait également un bilan des techniques de lutte contre l’ensablement et l’érosion éolienne.
Pleistocene Refugia and Distribution of Tree Species in the AlpsMauro Lanfranchi
The document discusses how tree species in the Alps survived glacial periods and their current distribution. During the Pleistocene ice ages, the expansion of Arctic ice caps forced tree species southward. Plants survived in refugia above the ice sheets, such as in nunataks and between 2000-2500m altitude. As the ice retreated, species recolonized from these refugia. The cycles of contraction and expansion during the Pleistocene led to genetic signatures in plant genomes and structured biodiversity across Europe. The document also outlines the major Pleistocene glacial periods and how vegetation zones shifted with changing climates.
Past Climate as the key to understand the future: example from the Mediterran...CAESCG.org
By Vincenzo Pascucci
Dipartimento di Scienze Botaniche, Ecologiche é Geologiche.
Universitá di Sassari
pascucci@uniss.it
Conferencia impartida en el marco de los viernes científicos de la Universidad de Almería
This document discusses key concepts in geology including the difference between a timeline and timescale, relative and absolute dating, fossils, index fossils, rock layers, and unconformities. It explains that timelines show events in order while timescales assign numerical ages. Relative dating compares rock layers while absolute dating assigns numerical ages. Most fossils are preserved in sedimentary rock. Index fossils found in specific rock layers worldwide can help correlate rock sequences. The oldest rock layers are on the bottom according to the law of superposition, though layers can be disturbed by folding, faulting, or volcanic intrusions creating unconformities.
Biogeo lec 7 glaciation and the pleistoceneMatt Robinson
The document discusses glaciation and biogeography during the Pleistocene epoch. It describes the extent and causes of glaciation, including continental ice sheets covering one third of the earth's land mass. It discusses Milankovitch cycles and feedback effects that influenced glacial and interglacial periods. During glacial maxima, unglaciated regions were cooler and wetter while tropical regions were drier. Biogeographic responses of terrestrial biotas included shifts in climatic zones and sea level changes affecting island populations. Refugia like Nunataks provided opportunities for genetic divergence. Glacial lakes and pluvial lakes in arid regions fragmented habitats. Alternative hypotheses for Pleistocene extinctions beyond
Rocks and fossils can provide information about geological events and changing life forms in the past. The principles of original horizontality and superposition allow scientists to determine the relative order and age of rock layers, though not precise dates. Absolute dating methods like radiocarbon dating measure radioactive decay to determine the specific ages of rocks and fossils.
This document provides an overview of a lecture series on clastic depositional systems and their response to changes in base level. It describes the three main types of depositional systems - terrestrial, transitional, and marine. For marine systems, it focuses on coastal systems like wave-dominated coasts, tide-dominated coasts, and river-dominated deltas. It discusses the characteristics and facies of these coastal systems, and how they respond to changes in sea level. Diagrams and photos are provided as examples.
This document discusses various primary sedimentary structures that form as a result of mechanical processes during sediment deposition. It describes bedforms such as ripples and dunes that form under different flow regimes. It also discusses cross-bedding and other structures including graded bedding, soft-sediment deformation, and bedding-plane markings. Various sedimentary environments and the structures associated with them are outlined, such as turbidites and hummocky cross-stratification.
This document discusses paleocurrent analysis, which is the study of ancient sediment flows. Paleocurrent analysis provides information about the orientation of ancient sedimentary systems and flow directions. It can indicate the direction of rivers, currents, sediment gravity flows, and winds in the past. Paleocurrent indicators include cross-beds, clast imbrication, tool marks, and ripple orientations, which can be analyzed individually or together. Fabric analysis and studying internal and external sedimentary structures are important techniques. The document provides examples of these techniques and how paleocurrent analysis has been applied to study areas in western Maine.
The document discusses the history and development of chocolate over centuries. It details how cocoa beans were first used by Mesoamerican cultures before being introduced to Europe. Chocolate then evolved from a luxury good to a mass-produced confection as production methods advanced and it became commercially available on a larger scale.
This document discusses meandering river systems. It describes how meanders form through the erosion of the outer bank and deposition on the inner bank, creating sinuous bends in the channel over time. Key features of meandering rivers discussed include point bars, natural levees, crevasse splays, and oxbow lakes. The document also covers the helical flow processes responsible for erosion and deposition patterns in meander bends and defines the different facies deposits found in meandering river channels.
Sedimentary facies refer to rock or sediment bodies that are distinguished by their composition, texture, structures and other features related to the depositional environment. Key aspects of facies include grain size, sorting, fossils and bedding. Individual facies represent specific depositional conditions. Multiple genetically-related facies comprise a facies association representing a depositional system. Facies successions occur at different scales from individual systems to basin-scale sequences reflecting changes in sea level over time.
The document discusses methods for dating geological materials and events. Relative dating methods, like the law of superposition and index fossils, are used to determine the sequence of events but not calculate specific ages. Absolute dating methods, such as radiocarbon dating, are used to determine specific numerical ages by measuring radioactive decay. Radiocarbon dating works by comparing the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in once-living materials, as carbon-14 decays at a known rate. Together, relative and absolute dating methods provide information about the timing of geological events and processes.
Earth Science 3.2 : Relative Dating : Which Came First?Chris Foltz
Geologists use the principle of superposition and the geologic column to determine the relative ages of rock layers. The principle of superposition states that lower layers are older than upper layers, unless the sequence has been disturbed. Forces can disrupt layers by tilting, folding, faulting or intrusion. Geologists also look for unconformities, which are gaps in the geologic record caused by erosion or nondeposition. Determining the sequence of events is like a puzzle as geological features may cut across disturbed rock layers.
Biogeo lec 7 glaciation and the pleistoceneMatt Robinson
The document discusses glaciation and biogeography during the Pleistocene epoch. It describes the extent and causes of glaciation, including continental ice sheets covering one third of the earth's land mass. It discusses Milankovitch cycles and feedback effects that influenced glacial and interglacial periods. During glacial maxima, unglaciated regions were cooler and wetter while tropical regions were drier. Biogeographic responses of terrestrial biotas included shifts in climatic zones and sea level changes affecting island populations. Refugia like Nunataks provided opportunities for genetic divergence. Glacial lakes and pluvial lakes in arid regions fragmented habitats. Alternative hypotheses for Pleistocene extinctions beyond
Rocks and fossils can provide information about geological events and changing life forms in the past. The principles of original horizontality and superposition allow scientists to determine the relative order and age of rock layers, though not precise dates. Absolute dating methods like radiocarbon dating measure radioactive decay to determine the specific ages of rocks and fossils.
This document provides an overview of a lecture series on clastic depositional systems and their response to changes in base level. It describes the three main types of depositional systems - terrestrial, transitional, and marine. For marine systems, it focuses on coastal systems like wave-dominated coasts, tide-dominated coasts, and river-dominated deltas. It discusses the characteristics and facies of these coastal systems, and how they respond to changes in sea level. Diagrams and photos are provided as examples.
This document discusses various primary sedimentary structures that form as a result of mechanical processes during sediment deposition. It describes bedforms such as ripples and dunes that form under different flow regimes. It also discusses cross-bedding and other structures including graded bedding, soft-sediment deformation, and bedding-plane markings. Various sedimentary environments and the structures associated with them are outlined, such as turbidites and hummocky cross-stratification.
This document discusses paleocurrent analysis, which is the study of ancient sediment flows. Paleocurrent analysis provides information about the orientation of ancient sedimentary systems and flow directions. It can indicate the direction of rivers, currents, sediment gravity flows, and winds in the past. Paleocurrent indicators include cross-beds, clast imbrication, tool marks, and ripple orientations, which can be analyzed individually or together. Fabric analysis and studying internal and external sedimentary structures are important techniques. The document provides examples of these techniques and how paleocurrent analysis has been applied to study areas in western Maine.
The document discusses the history and development of chocolate over centuries. It details how cocoa beans were first used by Mesoamerican cultures before being introduced to Europe. Chocolate then evolved from a luxury good to a mass-produced confection as production methods advanced and it became commercially available on a larger scale.
This document discusses meandering river systems. It describes how meanders form through the erosion of the outer bank and deposition on the inner bank, creating sinuous bends in the channel over time. Key features of meandering rivers discussed include point bars, natural levees, crevasse splays, and oxbow lakes. The document also covers the helical flow processes responsible for erosion and deposition patterns in meander bends and defines the different facies deposits found in meandering river channels.
Sedimentary facies refer to rock or sediment bodies that are distinguished by their composition, texture, structures and other features related to the depositional environment. Key aspects of facies include grain size, sorting, fossils and bedding. Individual facies represent specific depositional conditions. Multiple genetically-related facies comprise a facies association representing a depositional system. Facies successions occur at different scales from individual systems to basin-scale sequences reflecting changes in sea level over time.
The document discusses methods for dating geological materials and events. Relative dating methods, like the law of superposition and index fossils, are used to determine the sequence of events but not calculate specific ages. Absolute dating methods, such as radiocarbon dating, are used to determine specific numerical ages by measuring radioactive decay. Radiocarbon dating works by comparing the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in once-living materials, as carbon-14 decays at a known rate. Together, relative and absolute dating methods provide information about the timing of geological events and processes.
Earth Science 3.2 : Relative Dating : Which Came First?Chris Foltz
Geologists use the principle of superposition and the geologic column to determine the relative ages of rock layers. The principle of superposition states that lower layers are older than upper layers, unless the sequence has been disturbed. Forces can disrupt layers by tilting, folding, faulting or intrusion. Geologists also look for unconformities, which are gaps in the geologic record caused by erosion or nondeposition. Determining the sequence of events is like a puzzle as geological features may cut across disturbed rock layers.
The document appears to be a quiz or game show about key events and innovations during the Industrial Revolution. It includes questions about inventions like the seed drill and blast furnace, industries like cotton and iron, and social changes such as policies around child labor. Each question has multiple choice answers and is associated with a cash prize amount, with the highest being $1 million for the final question.
1. Nom:LucieNuméro :A18Projet: Chapitre 6 – L’histoire de la Terre Section:1 – Age de la Terre et la Glaciation Énoncé :Ici Lucie explique dans ses propres mots les actions des acteurs, qui enseigne a la classe l’âge de la Terre et l’ère de la Glaciation. (50 mots maximum) Chorégraphie : Ici Lucie explique la fonction de chaque mime / danseur, ex. Phillip est la Terre…