3. • a careful investigation or inquiry especially through
research for new facts in any branch of knowledge.
Concept
4. Features/ Nature of Research
• Objective: Should give concrete answer not the explanation
• Controlled: Control over the research environment i.e. variables
• Generalizability: should be able to apply in population
• Free from personal biases: should not use the personal thoughts of
researcher
• Systematic: Should follow certain steps while conducting research
• Reproducible: A researcher should be able to get approximately
the same results by using an identical methodology
• Directed towards solution of a problem
• Logical: Results are to be proved using logics
• Replicable: can be copied by the other researchers
5. Types of Research
• Basic or Fundamental Research: A research method that is
used in social science research which helps to contradict, alter
or modify any existing theory or theories is known as basic
research.
• Applied or Action Research: A research which is conducted to
find out a solution for an immediate problem faced by the
society or industry/business organization is known as applied
research.
6. Purpose or Role of Research in
Management
• Providing information
• Identifying problem
• Formulating strategy
• Supporting organizational change
• Helps to control
8. Features of Scientific Research
• Rigorous: Use of good theoretical base and a sound
methodological design
• Purposive: Should have specific objective of conducting
research
• Replicability: can be copied
• Objective: should give answer of the research question in
exact form
• Testability: Relationships are to be tested developing
hypotheses
• Precision: the high degree of exactness of the results.
9. • Operational definitions: Every variables are to be
defined with measuring factors
• Generalizability: Results of the results should be
applicable in the population
• Parsimony: Simplicity in design and findings
10. Process of Scientific Research
• Identification of problem: Realizing a problem Know the
real problems
• Review of literature: previous studies and books are to be
revisited
• Hypothesis formulation: Develop estimated results
• Research design formulation: Develop overall plan of the
research work
• Sampling design: Develop plan of deciding and selecting
sample
11. • Collection of data: After taking decision on sample,
develop data collection tool and implement it into field
and collect data
• Data analysis and interpretation of findings
• Reporting and generalization: Develop report and use
that research in the population
12. Social Science Research
• Social science research is the systematic method of
discovering the new facts or verifying old facts, their
sequences, interrelationship, causal explanations and the
natural laws which govern them.
13. Difficulties in Applying Scientific
Methods to Social Science Research
• Complexity of subject matter : Behavioral dimension of
people is difficult to understand because it differs
• Difficult to obtain accurate measurement: behavioral
domains can not be measured exactly
• Misconceived impression of society: In some of the issue
of the social aspects are considered negatively
• Subjectivity of social events: Social activities are
explanatory more
14. • Emotional tendencies: Behaviour and method of doing
work of a person depends on the emotional tendencies.
• Vested interest of the researcher: Intension of researcher
to draw expected results
• Qualitativeness of social events: Social events are more
explanatory
• Lack of universality of social events: Same social events
are understood in different way at different places.
15. Management Research
• Management research is a systematic activity directed
towards investigating managerial or business problems,
which may result in or discovery of management tools for
problem solving and decision making
16. Types of Management Research
•
• 1. Policy research: If a research is conducted to formulate the
managerial policy and its implementation is known as policy
research.
• 2. Action research: A research that is conducted to find out the
problem, its solution and procedures of implementing solution to
solve the problem is known as action research.
• 3. Evaluation research: A research that is conducted to check
whether the organizational works and programs are able to attain
the predetermined goal is known as evaluation research.
17. Importance of Research for Decision
Making
• Identify problems: Helps to find out the real problems
• Diagnosing and assessing problems and opportunities: analyses
the problems and assess the opportunities available in the market
• Selecting course of action: Evaluates and selects the best course of
action
• Implementing a course of action: Suggests derivative plan for the
implementation of selected options
• Evaluating the course of action: Evaluates the performance and
provides feedback
18. Ethical Issues in Research
1. Ethics to participants
• Voluntary participation: no force to participation
• Informed consent: Taking approval before collecting data
• The right to be informed: Give information about purpose, use etc
• The right to be safe:
• No deception of participants: no hiding of information
• Assuring privacy of information: Guarantee of secrecy of information
• Rewarding: can offer small incentive
19. 2. Ethics to the sponsor
• Competency: Show capability to do assigned work
• Confidentiality: Maintaining confidentiality of report
• Quality work: maintain high quality in the process of
conducting research
• No fabrication: No change in data with intention
• Professional practice: should use correct tools for survey and
analysis
20. 3. Ethics to the team members
• Safety and security: should provide tools that are
essential to maintain safety
• Open relation: should be open to meet research team
members
• Co-operation: should provide every support to a large
extent
21. 4.Ethics towards society
• Be objective: should provide exact result
• Maintain scientific rigour: should follow the scientific
process
• Report results: should provide full information of
research results to the society
