The document discusses several key aspects of e-business infrastructure and security. It describes various electronic payment systems, e-business models including brokerages, e-shops, e-malls, e-auctions, and classifieds. It also outlines important security considerations for e-businesses such as secure payment gateways, data backup, security policies and training, and compliance with privacy regulations. Additionally, it provides an overview of common internet security measures like encryption, authentication, firewalls, and anti-malware software.
E-commerce involves buying and selling of goods and services over electronic systems like the Internet. The document discusses the process of e-commerce, which includes a consumer browsing a merchant's website, selecting items to purchase, providing address details, receiving an order confirmation, and the merchant forwarding the order for payment processing and fulfillment. It also covers different types of e-commerce like B2B, B2C, C2C and their examples. Advantages include lower costs, improved access, and around-the-clock shopping for consumers.
This document provides an overview of e-business and e-commerce. It begins by defining e-business as the conduct of business processes on the internet, including buying and selling products, servicing customers, and processing payments. E-commerce is defined as business transactions that take place over telecommunication networks, especially the internet. The document then discusses the history of e-commerce and various e-commerce business models including B2B, B2C, C2C, C2B, B2G, G2B, and G2C. It covers advantages and disadvantages of these models. The document also compares traditional commerce to e-commerce and lists features of e-commerce technology. In closing, it summarizes
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services, or transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network, primarily the internet. It allows businesses and individuals to create online stores, or digital marketplaces, to buy and sell products and services globally. The main components of an e-commerce platform include a storefront, shopping cart, and payment gateway. E-commerce provides advantages such as lower costs, 24/7 availability, and a global reach, but also disadvantages like lack of quality guarantees and security risks.
The document discusses e-business models and the different areas companies conduct business online. It describes the four main areas as direct marketing/selling/services, financial/information services, maintenance/repair/operations, and intermediaries. The two main types of e-business relationships are business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C). B2B includes e-procurement and exchanges, while B2C includes e-tailing, online services, and consumer demographics. The document also covers challenges of e-business and future trends such as e-channels, e-portals, and e-government models like consumer-to-government.
This document provides an overview of key concepts and applications of e-commerce. It begins by defining electronic commerce and business, describing the history and scope of e-commerce. It then discusses major types of e-commerce like business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), and e-government. The document also outlines the benefits and limitations of e-commerce, common mechanisms like auctions, and emerging areas such as mobile commerce. It concludes by examining legal and ethical issues in e-commerce.
The document provides an introduction to electronic commerce (e-commerce) presented by Khalid Khan from the Department of Computer Science at the University of Peshawar. It defines e-commerce and its differences from e-business. The history and types of e-commerce are discussed. The document outlines the key components of a successful e-commerce transaction loop and forces fueling the growth of e-commerce such as economic, market, and technology forces. Students are instructed to study relevant books and online materials on e-commerce and e-business.
Electronic commerce, also known as e-commerce, involves buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the internet. It allows consumers to shop online 24/7 from anywhere in the world with an internet connection. Common forms of e-commerce include business-to-business transactions, online shopping sites, and online marketplaces where multiple sellers can list products. While e-commerce provides greater convenience and selection for consumers, it also poses risks such as online fraud that are less common with traditional in-person retail transactions.
The document discusses several key aspects of e-business infrastructure and security. It describes various electronic payment systems, e-business models including brokerages, e-shops, e-malls, e-auctions, and classifieds. It also outlines important security considerations for e-businesses such as secure payment gateways, data backup, security policies and training, and compliance with privacy regulations. Additionally, it provides an overview of common internet security measures like encryption, authentication, firewalls, and anti-malware software.
E-commerce involves buying and selling of goods and services over electronic systems like the Internet. The document discusses the process of e-commerce, which includes a consumer browsing a merchant's website, selecting items to purchase, providing address details, receiving an order confirmation, and the merchant forwarding the order for payment processing and fulfillment. It also covers different types of e-commerce like B2B, B2C, C2C and their examples. Advantages include lower costs, improved access, and around-the-clock shopping for consumers.
This document provides an overview of e-business and e-commerce. It begins by defining e-business as the conduct of business processes on the internet, including buying and selling products, servicing customers, and processing payments. E-commerce is defined as business transactions that take place over telecommunication networks, especially the internet. The document then discusses the history of e-commerce and various e-commerce business models including B2B, B2C, C2C, C2B, B2G, G2B, and G2C. It covers advantages and disadvantages of these models. The document also compares traditional commerce to e-commerce and lists features of e-commerce technology. In closing, it summarizes
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services, or transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network, primarily the internet. It allows businesses and individuals to create online stores, or digital marketplaces, to buy and sell products and services globally. The main components of an e-commerce platform include a storefront, shopping cart, and payment gateway. E-commerce provides advantages such as lower costs, 24/7 availability, and a global reach, but also disadvantages like lack of quality guarantees and security risks.
The document discusses e-business models and the different areas companies conduct business online. It describes the four main areas as direct marketing/selling/services, financial/information services, maintenance/repair/operations, and intermediaries. The two main types of e-business relationships are business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C). B2B includes e-procurement and exchanges, while B2C includes e-tailing, online services, and consumer demographics. The document also covers challenges of e-business and future trends such as e-channels, e-portals, and e-government models like consumer-to-government.
This document provides an overview of key concepts and applications of e-commerce. It begins by defining electronic commerce and business, describing the history and scope of e-commerce. It then discusses major types of e-commerce like business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), and e-government. The document also outlines the benefits and limitations of e-commerce, common mechanisms like auctions, and emerging areas such as mobile commerce. It concludes by examining legal and ethical issues in e-commerce.
The document provides an introduction to electronic commerce (e-commerce) presented by Khalid Khan from the Department of Computer Science at the University of Peshawar. It defines e-commerce and its differences from e-business. The history and types of e-commerce are discussed. The document outlines the key components of a successful e-commerce transaction loop and forces fueling the growth of e-commerce such as economic, market, and technology forces. Students are instructed to study relevant books and online materials on e-commerce and e-business.
Electronic commerce, also known as e-commerce, involves buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the internet. It allows consumers to shop online 24/7 from anywhere in the world with an internet connection. Common forms of e-commerce include business-to-business transactions, online shopping sites, and online marketplaces where multiple sellers can list products. While e-commerce provides greater convenience and selection for consumers, it also poses risks such as online fraud that are less common with traditional in-person retail transactions.
This document provides an overview of e-commerce and related topics. It defines electronic commerce as trading in products or services using computer networks like the Internet. It discusses online shopping, payment systems, online marketplaces, business to business and business to consumer transactions, electronic data interchange, using demographic data for marketing, launching new products, and various e-commerce applications and technologies. It also provides advantages and disadvantages of online shopping.
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet. It includes the entire online process from developing and marketing products to delivering, servicing, and receiving payment. There are several types of e-commerce including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer, business-to-government, and mobile commerce. E-commerce provides benefits such as reduced costs, increased flexibility, and access to new markets, but also poses risks such as security issues and lack of quality guarantees.
The document discusses the benefits of electronic business (e-business) and information technology. It defines e-business and e-commerce, outlines the objectives of an e-business course, and describes various types and applications of e-business including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and inter-organizational systems. It also summarizes the benefits of e-business for organizations, consumers, and society such as reduced costs, increased market reach, improved customer service, and more choices for consumers.
This presentation will cover the basic introduction of E-Commerce and various types of E-Commerce. It will also cover the architectural framework of E-Commerce.
E-commerce is the use of electronic communications and digital information processing technology in business transactions to create, transform, and redefine relationships for value creation between or among organizations, and between organizations and individuals
This document discusses e-commerce (electronic commerce). It defines e-commerce as the buying and selling of goods and services over electronic networks, primarily the Internet. It describes the different models of e-commerce including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-government (B2G), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C). It also discusses the necessary technologies and infrastructure to support e-commerce such as networks, web servers, electronic catalogs, and payment systems.
E-commerce involves the buying and selling of goods and services over electronic systems like the internet. It provides advantages like low entry costs, reduced transaction costs, and access to global markets. Various types of e-commerce include business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-employee (B2E), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C) models. While e-commerce offers benefits such as convenience and wide product selection, it also has drawbacks like the inability to physically examine products and potential credit card theft. E-commerce is growing rapidly in India and is expected to exceed Rs. 3500 crore by 2010-11.
Commerce involves the exchange of goods and services between entities. E-commerce refers to business transactions conducted electronically over the internet, such as buying and selling goods online. There are four main types of e-commerce: business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), and consumer-to-business (C2B). The e-commerce process involves a consumer browsing a merchant's website, selecting items, paying for the order, and having it fulfilled. M-commerce uses mobile devices for e-commerce transactions. While e-commerce provides benefits like low costs and 24/7 access, it also faces challenges such as ensuring
E-commerce refers to conducting business transactions electronically. It allows companies to buy and sell goods and services via the internet. The document outlines several e-commerce business models including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer. It also discusses advantages like lower costs, improved communication, and increased market reach as well as disadvantages such as security issues, high start-up costs, and lack of physical product interaction. The intended audience needs only basic knowledge of commerce concepts to understand the principles of e-commerce covered.
Electronic commerce (e-commerce) involves the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the internet and other computer networks. It allows businesses and individuals to create online stores, make digital products available for purchase, and find new ways to reach global markets. The growth of e-commerce has been driven by advances in technology and the widespread use of the internet. It provides benefits such as lower costs, increased access and convenience to both businesses and consumers.
This document is a project report submitted by Irfan Ali, student number 3166516, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Business Administration degree. The report is on the topic of e-commerce and was submitted to the project guide, Sonam Mam, and certified by the examiner at Radha Krishna Institute of Technology & Management. The report includes an acknowledgment, declaration, index and sections on introducing e-commerce, the history and process of e-commerce, types of e-commerce, and the scope, limitations, applications, advantages and impact of e-commerce.
This document defines and discusses e-business. It begins by defining e-business as using communication and information technologies to support business activities. It then discusses the key components of e-business including e-commerce, e-marketing, and e-operations. The document also outlines several common e-business models including business-to-consumer, business-to-business, and consumer-to-consumer and discusses their key features and examples. Finally, it discusses some common applications and benefits of implementing e-business strategies.
This document is a minor project report submitted by Irfan Ali, roll number 3166516, to fulfill the requirements of a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) degree from Radha Krishna Institute of Technology & Management in Simbhaoli, Hapur, India. The report is on the topic of e-commerce and includes an acknowledgment, declaration, index, and sections on defining e-commerce, the history and process of e-commerce, types of e-commerce like B2B and B2C, and the scope and impact of e-commerce.
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods or services over the Internet. There are several types including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), and consumer-to-business (C2B). The document traces the history of e-commerce from the 1970s to today and discusses how the Internet has enabled global e-commerce opportunities and challenges. Key issues for multinational companies include understanding cultural differences that impact adoption rates, building consumer trust, and designing websites that are culturally sensitive.
This document defines e-commerce and related terms. E-commerce involves business transactions conducted over telecommunications networks, especially online purchases. It has evolved from electronic funds transfer between banks in the 1970s to the modern use of websites and online shopping. The document outlines the process of online purchases and different types of e-commerce transactions between businesses, consumers, and governments. It also lists advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce and discusses the emergence of m-commerce via mobile devices.
EDI involves the electronic exchange of business documents like purchase orders and invoices between supply chain partners over networks like the internet. Standard message formats are used to automatically exchange documents between computer systems using EDI software. While the idea of EDI originated in the 1960s with railroads in the US, it grew in the 1970s with the development of national EDI standards to reduce costs and increase efficiency compared to paper-based document exchange. EDI allows organizations to streamline processes and improve trading relationships.
E-business refers to the application of information and communication technologies to support all business activities, including buying and selling online as well as collaborating with partners and servicing customers. E-commerce specifically involves business transactions conducted online, whether between businesses, businesses and consumers, or between other parties. E-business provides benefits like improved information sharing, enhanced communication, increased consistency and accuracy of information, and reduced processing costs.
The document provides an overview of e-commerce, including definitions, types of e-commerce like business-to-business and business-to-consumer, elements of e-commerce like online payments and delivery, benefits to organizations and consumers, limitations, and applications like online shopping, banking, and supply chain management.
This document provides an overview of e-commerce and related topics. It defines electronic commerce as trading in products or services using computer networks like the Internet. It discusses online shopping, payment systems, online marketplaces, business to business and business to consumer transactions, electronic data interchange, using demographic data for marketing, launching new products, and various e-commerce applications and technologies. It also provides advantages and disadvantages of online shopping.
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet. It includes the entire online process from developing and marketing products to delivering, servicing, and receiving payment. There are several types of e-commerce including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer, business-to-government, and mobile commerce. E-commerce provides benefits such as reduced costs, increased flexibility, and access to new markets, but also poses risks such as security issues and lack of quality guarantees.
The document discusses the benefits of electronic business (e-business) and information technology. It defines e-business and e-commerce, outlines the objectives of an e-business course, and describes various types and applications of e-business including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and inter-organizational systems. It also summarizes the benefits of e-business for organizations, consumers, and society such as reduced costs, increased market reach, improved customer service, and more choices for consumers.
This presentation will cover the basic introduction of E-Commerce and various types of E-Commerce. It will also cover the architectural framework of E-Commerce.
E-commerce is the use of electronic communications and digital information processing technology in business transactions to create, transform, and redefine relationships for value creation between or among organizations, and between organizations and individuals
This document discusses e-commerce (electronic commerce). It defines e-commerce as the buying and selling of goods and services over electronic networks, primarily the Internet. It describes the different models of e-commerce including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-government (B2G), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C). It also discusses the necessary technologies and infrastructure to support e-commerce such as networks, web servers, electronic catalogs, and payment systems.
E-commerce involves the buying and selling of goods and services over electronic systems like the internet. It provides advantages like low entry costs, reduced transaction costs, and access to global markets. Various types of e-commerce include business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-employee (B2E), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C) models. While e-commerce offers benefits such as convenience and wide product selection, it also has drawbacks like the inability to physically examine products and potential credit card theft. E-commerce is growing rapidly in India and is expected to exceed Rs. 3500 crore by 2010-11.
Commerce involves the exchange of goods and services between entities. E-commerce refers to business transactions conducted electronically over the internet, such as buying and selling goods online. There are four main types of e-commerce: business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), and consumer-to-business (C2B). The e-commerce process involves a consumer browsing a merchant's website, selecting items, paying for the order, and having it fulfilled. M-commerce uses mobile devices for e-commerce transactions. While e-commerce provides benefits like low costs and 24/7 access, it also faces challenges such as ensuring
E-commerce refers to conducting business transactions electronically. It allows companies to buy and sell goods and services via the internet. The document outlines several e-commerce business models including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer. It also discusses advantages like lower costs, improved communication, and increased market reach as well as disadvantages such as security issues, high start-up costs, and lack of physical product interaction. The intended audience needs only basic knowledge of commerce concepts to understand the principles of e-commerce covered.
Electronic commerce (e-commerce) involves the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the internet and other computer networks. It allows businesses and individuals to create online stores, make digital products available for purchase, and find new ways to reach global markets. The growth of e-commerce has been driven by advances in technology and the widespread use of the internet. It provides benefits such as lower costs, increased access and convenience to both businesses and consumers.
This document is a project report submitted by Irfan Ali, student number 3166516, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Business Administration degree. The report is on the topic of e-commerce and was submitted to the project guide, Sonam Mam, and certified by the examiner at Radha Krishna Institute of Technology & Management. The report includes an acknowledgment, declaration, index and sections on introducing e-commerce, the history and process of e-commerce, types of e-commerce, and the scope, limitations, applications, advantages and impact of e-commerce.
This document defines and discusses e-business. It begins by defining e-business as using communication and information technologies to support business activities. It then discusses the key components of e-business including e-commerce, e-marketing, and e-operations. The document also outlines several common e-business models including business-to-consumer, business-to-business, and consumer-to-consumer and discusses their key features and examples. Finally, it discusses some common applications and benefits of implementing e-business strategies.
This document is a minor project report submitted by Irfan Ali, roll number 3166516, to fulfill the requirements of a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) degree from Radha Krishna Institute of Technology & Management in Simbhaoli, Hapur, India. The report is on the topic of e-commerce and includes an acknowledgment, declaration, index, and sections on defining e-commerce, the history and process of e-commerce, types of e-commerce like B2B and B2C, and the scope and impact of e-commerce.
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods or services over the Internet. There are several types including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), and consumer-to-business (C2B). The document traces the history of e-commerce from the 1970s to today and discusses how the Internet has enabled global e-commerce opportunities and challenges. Key issues for multinational companies include understanding cultural differences that impact adoption rates, building consumer trust, and designing websites that are culturally sensitive.
This document defines e-commerce and related terms. E-commerce involves business transactions conducted over telecommunications networks, especially online purchases. It has evolved from electronic funds transfer between banks in the 1970s to the modern use of websites and online shopping. The document outlines the process of online purchases and different types of e-commerce transactions between businesses, consumers, and governments. It also lists advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce and discusses the emergence of m-commerce via mobile devices.
EDI involves the electronic exchange of business documents like purchase orders and invoices between supply chain partners over networks like the internet. Standard message formats are used to automatically exchange documents between computer systems using EDI software. While the idea of EDI originated in the 1960s with railroads in the US, it grew in the 1970s with the development of national EDI standards to reduce costs and increase efficiency compared to paper-based document exchange. EDI allows organizations to streamline processes and improve trading relationships.
E-business refers to the application of information and communication technologies to support all business activities, including buying and selling online as well as collaborating with partners and servicing customers. E-commerce specifically involves business transactions conducted online, whether between businesses, businesses and consumers, or between other parties. E-business provides benefits like improved information sharing, enhanced communication, increased consistency and accuracy of information, and reduced processing costs.
The document provides an overview of e-commerce, including definitions, types of e-commerce like business-to-business and business-to-consumer, elements of e-commerce like online payments and delivery, benefits to organizations and consumers, limitations, and applications like online shopping, banking, and supply chain management.
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1. COMMERCE:
Commerce is a division of trade or
production which deals with the
exchange of goods and services
from producer to final consumer
2. E-COMMERCE:
It is commonly known as electronic marketing.
It consist of buying and selling goods and services
over an electronic system such as the internet.
E-commerce is the purchasing , selling &
exchanging goods and services over computer
network or internet through which transactions or
terms of sale are performed electronically.
3. E-commerce vs. E-business:
We use the term e-business to refer primarily to
the digital enablement of transactions and
processes within a firm, involving information
systems under the control of the firm.
E-commerce include commercial transactions
involving an exchange of value across
organizational boundaries
5. The process of E-commerce cont..
A consumer uses Web browser to connect to the home
page of a merchant's Web site on the Internet.
The consumer browses the catalog of products featured
on the site and selects items to purchase. The selected
items are placed in the electronic equivalent of a
shopping cart.
When the consumer is ready to complete the purchase of
selected items, she provides a bill-to and ship-to address
for purchase and delivery
6. The process of E-commerce cont..
When the credit card number is validated and
the order is completed at the Commerce Server
site, the merchant's site displays a receipt
confirming the customer's purchase.
The Commerce Server site then forwards the
order to a Processing Network for payment
processing and fulfilment.
7. ADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE:
Faster buying/selling procedure, as well as easy to find
products.
Buying/selling 24/7.
More reach to customers, there is no theoretical geographic
limitations.
Low operational costs and better quality of services.
No need of physical company set-ups.
Easy to start and manage a business.
Customers can easily select products from different providers
without moving around physically.
8. DISADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE :
Unable to examine products personally
Not everyone is connected to the Internet
There is the possibility of credit card number
theft
Mechanical failures can cause unpredictable
effects on the total processes.
9. SCOPE OF E-COMMERCE:
Selling can be focused to the global customer
Pre-sales, subcontracts, supply
Financing and insurance
Commercial transactions: ordering, delivery, payment
Product service and maintenance
Co-operative product development
Distributed co-operative working
Use of public and private services
Business-to-administrations (e.g. customs, etc.)
Transport and logistics
Public procurement
Automatic trading of digital goods
Accounting
Dispute resolution
10. Features of e commerce:
Non-Cash Payment:
24x7 Service availability:
Advertising / Marketing:
Improved Sales:
Support:
Inventory Management:
Communication improvement
11. Non-Cash Payment:
E-Commerce enables use of credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, electronic fund
transfer via bank's website and other modes of electronics payment.
24x7 Service availability
E-commerce automates business of enterprises and services provided by them to
customers are available anytime, anywhere. Here 24x7 refers to 24 hours of each seven
days of a week.
Advertising / Marketing:
E-commerce increases the reach of advertising of products and services of businesses. It
helps in better marketing management of products / services.
Improved Sales:
Using E-Commerce, orders for the products can be generated any time, any where
without any human intervention. By this way, dependencies to buy a product reduce at
large and sales increases.
Support:
E-Commerce provides various ways to provide pre sales and post sales assistance to
provide better services to customers.
12. Inventory Management:
Using E-Commerce, inventory management of products becomes automated. Reports get
generated instantly when required. Product inventory management becomes very efficient
and easy to maintain.
Communication improvement:
E-Commerce provides ways for faster, efficient, reliable communication with customers and
partners.
13. Traditional Commerce v/s E-Commerce
Traditional Commerce
Heavy dependency on
information exchange from
person to person.
Communication/ transaction
are done in synchronous way.
Manual intervention is required
for each Communication or
transaction.
E-Commerce
Information sharing is made
easy via electronic
communication channels
making little dependency on
person to person information
exchange.
Communication or transaction
can be done in asynchronous
way. Electronics system
automatically handles when to
pass communication to required
person or do the transactions.
14. Traditional Commerce v/s E-Commerce
Traditional Commerce
It is difficult to establish and
maintain standard practices in
traditional commerce
Communications of business depends
upon individual skills.
Unavailability of a uniform platform
as traditional commerce depends
heavily on personal communication.
No uniform platform for information
sharing as it depends heavily on
personal communication.
E-Commerce
A uniform strategy can be easily
established and maintain in e-
commerce
In e-Commerce or Electronic Market,
there is no human intervention.
E-Commerce website provides user a
platform where al l information is
available at one place.
E-Commerce provides a universal
platform to support commercial /
business activities across the g lobe.
15. Types of e commerce
Business - to - Business (B2B)
Business - to - Consumer (B2C)
Consumer - to - Consumer (C2C)
Consumer - to - Business (C2B)
16. Business - to - Business (B2B)
Website following B2B business model sells its
product to an intermediate buyer who then sells
the product to the final customer.
As an example, a wholesaler places an order from
a company's website and after receiving the
consignment, sells the end product to final
customer who comes to buy the product at
wholesaler's retail outlet. Business-to-Business
18. Business - to - Consumer (B2C)
Common notion about e-commerce is that it is a
business selling something through an online
interface to a consumer. And this is the Business-
to-Consumer (B2C) model. The most widely known
ecommerce businesses, such as Flip kart, Amazon,
etc. are ones where a retailer sells directly to a
consumer.
20. Consumer - to - Consumer (C2C)
the ecommerce website serves to facilitate the
transaction between two consumers. Auction sites
such as eBay (specifically when items are sold by
individuals, rather than businesses listing products
for auction) is a classic example of C2C e-
commerce model. Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
22. Consumer - to - Business (C2B)
In a consumer-to-business (C2B) model,
consumers sell products and services to
businesses, instead of it being the other way
around. Example - Freelancer websites
elance.com, where the end-user lists jobs that
businesses (either individual or larger businesses)
can buy from them. In a way, job portals are also
C2B as here, the ‘end-user’ (the prospective
employee) lists their ‘product’ (resume) to attract
businesses to hire them
24. SUPPLY CHAINS:
The flow of material, information, money, and services
from raw material suppliers through factories and
warehouse to end customer What is Supply Chain
Warehouse Factory End Customer Supplier Distribution.
Electronic supply chain management is most commonly
referred to as e-supply chain management. It combines
the concepts of electronic business (e-business) and
supply chain management (SCM), and depicts how trade
channel members are working together to optimize
resources and opportunities
26. Benefits of supply chain in e commerce
Order taking
Order fulfilment
Electronic payment
Electronic payment
Managing risk
Inventories can be minimised
Collaborative commerce
27. Porter’s value chain model
A value chain is a set of activities that a firm operating in a specific industry
performs in order to deliver a valuable product or service for the market.
It is a set of activities that an organization carries out to create value for its
customers.
The concept comes from business management and was first described and
popularized by Michael Porter in his 1985 best-seller, Competitive Advantage:
Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance.
The idea of the value chain is based on the process view of organizations, the
idea of seeing a manufacturing (or service) organization as a system, made up of
subsystems each with inputs, transformation processes and outputs.
Inputs, transformation processes, and outputs involve the acquisition and
consumption of resources – money, labor, materials, equipment, buildings, land,
administration and management.
How value chain activities are carried out determines costs and affects profits.
29. Primary Activities Primary activities relate directly to the physical creation,
sale, maintenance and support of a product or service. They consist of the
following:
1) Inbound logistics – These are all the processes related to receiving, storing,
and distributing inputs internally. Your supplier relationships are a key factor in
creating value here.
2) Operations – These are the transformation activities that change inputs into
outputs that are sold to customers. Here, your operational systems create value.
3) Outbound logistics – These activities deliver your product or service to your
customer. These are things like collection, storage, and distribution systems, and
they may be internal or external to your organization.
4) Marketing and sales – These are the processes you use to persuade clients to
purchase from you instead of your competitors. The benefits you offer, and how
well you communicate them, are sources of value here.
5) Service – These are the activities related to maintaining the value of your
product or service to your customers, once it's been purchased.
30. Support Activities These activities support the primary functions above. In our
diagram, the dotted lines show that each support, or secondary, activity can play a
role in each primary activity. For example, procurement supports operations with
certain activities, but it also supports marketing and sales with other activities.
1) Procurement (purchasing) – This is what the organization does to get the
resources it needs to operate. This includes finding vendors and negotiating best
prices.
2) Human resource management – This is how well a company recruits, hires,
trains, motivates, rewards, and retains its workers. People are a significant source of
value, so businesses can create a clear advantage with good HR practices.
3) Technological development – These activities relate to managing and processing
information, as well as protecting a company's knowledge base. Minimizing
information technology costs, staying current with technological advances, and
maintaining technical excellence are sources of value creation.
4) Infrastructure – These are a company's support systems, and the functions that
allow it to maintain daily operations. Accounting, legal, administrative, and general
management are examples of necessary infrastructure that businesses can use to
their advantage.
31. Competitive advantages
Competitive strategy refers to how a company competes in a particular
business overall strategy for diversified firms is referred to as corporate
strategy competitive strategy is concerned with how a company can gain a
competitive advantage through a distinctive way of competing
porter’s model:
1.Threat of new entrants
2.Threat of substitution
3.Bargaining power of buyers
4.Bargaining power of supplier
5.Competition between existing player
32. Business strategy :
A business strategy is a set of plans for achieving superior long term return
on the capital invested in a business firm it is therefore a plan for making
profits in a competitive environment over the long term
E commerce implementation:
Technical implementation
Business implementation
E commerce evaluation:
1. Improve it
2. Revise it
3. Update it