IPV4 is the core internet protocol that has been used for over four decades to connect devices on the internet and local area networks (LANs). It uses 32-bit numerical IP addresses written in dotted decimal notation to identify devices. Key concepts of IPV4 include subnet masks that segment addresses into network and host parts, different address classes, public vs private addresses, and the Domain Name System (DNS) that converts names to addresses. Subnetting further divides IP networks to improve efficiency, security, and performance by allowing administrators to control traffic and simplify administration. The basic IPV4 packet structure consists of a header with routing information and a payload that carries the transmitted data.

1. Understanding
IPV4
The Internet Protocol Version 4

2. Introduction to IPV4
IPV4 short for Internet Protocol Version 4, is one of the
core protocols for standards-based networking methods on
the internet and other packet-switched networks.
Developed for use in interconnected systems of packet-
switched computer communication networks, IPV4 is the
underlying technology that makes it possible for us to
connect and communicate across the internet and some
LANs.
IPV4 has been the primary internet protocol for over four
decades and is still widely used. With over 4 billions (232
) of
unique IP addresses.

3. KEY
CONCEPTS
01

4. Key concepts
An IP address is a 32-bit numerical address written in dotted
decimal notation, which consist of four numbers seperated by
periods.
EX: 192.179.3.9
Each number represent an 8-bit byte (octet) of the address,
providing a total of 256 different values betwwen networks.
####### 1. Subnet mask
It’s a 32-bit number that segments an IP address into a
network address and a host address, helping to define the
boundaries between networks.

5. Key concepts
####### 2. Classes of IP addresses
IP addresses can be classified into five classes : A, B, C, D
and E. But only the three firsts are mainly used.
####### 3. Private vs Public addresses
IPV4 address are classified as public and private
addresses. Public IP addresses are routable over the internet,
whereas private IP addresses are used for LANs (Local Area
Networks) and are not directly accessible over the internet.

6. Key concepts
####### 4. DNS ( Domain Name System )
It’s the Internet’s system for converting alphabetic domain
names into numeric IP addresses, allowing users to access
websites and other internet services with memorable names
instead of long IP addresses.

7. SUBNETTING IN
IPV4
02

8. Understanding
subnetting
Subnetting
Subnetting is the process of
dividing an IP network into
multiple sub-networks so as to
improve efficiency, security and
network performance.
It allows network administrators
to control network traffic and
simplify administration.

9. IPV4 Packet
structure
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10. IPV4 packet structure
An IPV4 packet is of two main parts: The header and the
payload.
The header contains information necessary for routing and
delivery, such as source and destination addresses, while
the payload carries the actual data being transmitted.