This document summarizes the 12 pairs of cranial nerves. It discusses their nuclei in the brain stem, emergence points from the brain stem, course through the cranial cavity, exit points from the skull, and distributions. Key details provided include the somatic, visceral, and branchial motor and sensory functions of each nerve. An overview is given of the intracranial routes of several cranial nerves and their distributions to structures like the eye muscles and salivary glands.
The document discusses the cranial nerves, describing their nuclei, pathways, and functions. It notes that the 12 pairs of cranial nerves originate from the brain stem and have nuclei derived from cell columns homologous to the spinal cord. Each nerve is then described in detail, covering its nuclei, course through the skull and neck, and innervation of structures like muscles and sense organs. The document provides an anatomical overview of the cranial nerves.
The document summarizes key aspects of spinal cord and brainstem anatomy related to somatosensory and motor pathways. It describes:
1) Spinal cord gray matter including dorsal horn, ventral horn, and intermediate gray matter which contain sensory, motor, and autonomic nuclei respectively.
2) Brainstem organization into nuclei rather than horns. Cranial nerves originate from specific motor and sensory nuclei analogous to spinal cord regions.
3) Somatosensory and motor pathways for each cranial nerve, including ganglia, nuclei, and innervation targets. Key nuclei include trigeminal, facial, vestibulocochlear nuclei and more.
This document provides an overview of the cranial and spinal nerves. It describes the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, including their functions and anatomical origins. The cranial nerves emerge from nuclei located in the brain stem. It also describes the 31 pairs of spinal nerves, which originate from spinal roots and form two spinal nerve plexuses. The sympathetic chain is mentioned as relaying signals throughout the body. Literature references are provided for further information.
This document discusses the cranial nerves, including:
- There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that emerge from the brain and brainstem.
- The cranial nerves are classified as sensory, motor, or mixed nerves based on the fibers they contain.
- Each cranial nerve is described in terms of its origin, distribution, and function. Several cranial nerves interact with ganglia to control functions like eye movement and salivation.
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that have specific numbers and names. Each cranial nerve attaches to a certain area of the brain stem, with some attaching to the forebrain, midbrain, pons, or medulla oblongata. The cranial nerves originate from columns that develop from the neural tube during embryology. Each cranial nerve has specific nuclei and carries out somatosensory, special sensory, or motor functions by innervating structures of the head and neck. Lesions or damage to particular cranial nerves can result in deficits such as loss of vision, diplopia, or facial paralysis.
The document discusses the cranial nerves, describing their nuclei, pathways, and functions. It notes that the 12 pairs of cranial nerves originate from the brain stem and have nuclei derived from cell columns homologous to the spinal cord. Each nerve is then described in detail, covering its nuclei, course through the skull and neck, and innervation of structures like muscles and sense organs. The document provides an anatomical overview of the cranial nerves.
The document summarizes key aspects of spinal cord and brainstem anatomy related to somatosensory and motor pathways. It describes:
1) Spinal cord gray matter including dorsal horn, ventral horn, and intermediate gray matter which contain sensory, motor, and autonomic nuclei respectively.
2) Brainstem organization into nuclei rather than horns. Cranial nerves originate from specific motor and sensory nuclei analogous to spinal cord regions.
3) Somatosensory and motor pathways for each cranial nerve, including ganglia, nuclei, and innervation targets. Key nuclei include trigeminal, facial, vestibulocochlear nuclei and more.
This document provides an overview of the cranial and spinal nerves. It describes the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, including their functions and anatomical origins. The cranial nerves emerge from nuclei located in the brain stem. It also describes the 31 pairs of spinal nerves, which originate from spinal roots and form two spinal nerve plexuses. The sympathetic chain is mentioned as relaying signals throughout the body. Literature references are provided for further information.
This document discusses the cranial nerves, including:
- There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that emerge from the brain and brainstem.
- The cranial nerves are classified as sensory, motor, or mixed nerves based on the fibers they contain.
- Each cranial nerve is described in terms of its origin, distribution, and function. Several cranial nerves interact with ganglia to control functions like eye movement and salivation.
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that have specific numbers and names. Each cranial nerve attaches to a certain area of the brain stem, with some attaching to the forebrain, midbrain, pons, or medulla oblongata. The cranial nerves originate from columns that develop from the neural tube during embryology. Each cranial nerve has specific nuclei and carries out somatosensory, special sensory, or motor functions by innervating structures of the head and neck. Lesions or damage to particular cranial nerves can result in deficits such as loss of vision, diplopia, or facial paralysis.
Nerves of the Head and Neck: Intro, CNS, PNS, Cranial Nerves, TrigeminalHeatherSeghi
The three branches of the trigeminal nerve are the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. The maxillary nerve has branches that innervate the maxillary teeth and gingiva. The mandibular nerve has both sensory and motor branches, with the posterior division providing sensory innervation to the mandibular teeth, gingiva and other structures. The trigeminal nerve is the most important nerve for dentistry as it provides sensory innervation to the face, teeth and oral cavity.
The document summarizes the cranial and spinal nerves of the peripheral nervous system. It describes the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, including their names and functions. It also mentions the 31 pairs of spinal nerves and their organization into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions. Each spinal nerve is attached by a ventral and dorsal root that unite to form a trunk and then divide into a ventral and dorsal ramus to innervate different regions of the body.
The document provides an overview of the peripheral nervous system, including details about cranial nerves, the spinal cord, spinal nerves, and peripheral nerve plexuses. It discusses the names, functions, and pathways of 12 pairs of cranial nerves. It describes the gross anatomy and histology of the spinal cord, as well as the organization and branches of spinal nerves. Finally, it reviews the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses and their contributions to innervation of the head, neck, upper limbs, lower limbs, and pelvis.
The facial nerve is one of a group of nerves called the cranial nerves (CN), 12 pairs of nerves that, with the exception of the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI), originate in the brain and contribute to the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
facial nerve contains many different types of fibers, including general sensory (afferent) fibers, special sensory fibers, visceral/autonomic motor (efferent) fibers, and somatic motor fibers.
So these are also the functions of facial nerve:
Somatic sensory
Special sensory
Branchial motor
Parasympathetic motor
To remember the branches of the facial nerve, you can use the following mnemonic: "To Zambia By Motor Car", standing for:
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical branches.
Presented by: Mohammadsaleh Moallem
The document discusses the 12 pairs of cranial nerves. It describes the anatomy and functions of each nerve. The cranial nerves emerge from the brain and pass through openings in the skull, carrying sensory information from structures in the head and neck and motor signals to muscles like the extraocular muscles that control eye movement. The document focuses on describing the course and distribution of each cranial nerve pair.
This presentation was developed by me and another classmate to present some of the major features and characteristics of the nervous system as relating to orofacial structures. We also focused on learning how to make adjustments and adaptations for individuals with nervous system disorders.
The document summarizes the 12 cranial nerves, including their origins, paths through the skull, branches, and functions. Key points include:
- Cranial nerves I-VI originate in the brain, while VII-XII originate in the brainstem
- They have both motor and sensory components that innervate structures of the head and neck like muscles, sense organs, and glands
- The trigeminal nerve is the largest cranial nerve and has three major divisions that innervate the face
- The optic nerve carries visual information from the eyes to the brain
- Cranial nerves exit the skull through various foramina to innervate their target structures
Peripheral Nervous System. Cranial Nerves – Part 1Eneutron
The document provides information on the structural organization and functional roles of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It discusses how the PNS is divided into 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves. It also summarizes the key characteristics and functions of each of the 12 cranial nerves.
The document summarizes the origin and functional components of the 12 cranial nerves. It discusses that cranial nerve fibers with motor functions arise from nuclei in the brainstem, while sensory fibers originate from ganglia outside the brainstem. The cranial nerves have different functional components including somatic efferent, visceral efferent, and somatic/visceral afferent fibers. Specific cranial nerves are described in more detail, including their nuclei of origin, peripheral innervation, and clinical correlations of damage.
The document summarizes key aspects of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It describes that the PNS is outside the brain and spinal cord and connects the central nervous system to sensory receptors and effector organs. It then discusses the following key points:
- Spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord in 31 pairs and connect to the PNS, innervating different regions of the body.
- The PNS is divided into afferent fibers that carry sensory information to the CNS and efferent fibers that carry motor commands away from the CNS to muscles and glands.
- There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that emerge from the brain and connect to structures in the head and neck region
The trigeminal nerve is the fifth cranial nerve. It is a mixed nerve that carries motor and sensory fibers. It has three main divisions - the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. The ophthalmic nerve innervates the upper face, the maxillary nerve innervates the mid face, and the mandibular nerve innervates the lower face and has both sensory and motor components. The trigeminal nerve is important for facial sensation and functions like chewing. It is also associated with conditions like trigeminal neuralgia.
Anatomy of hind brain (mid brain,pons & medullaDrMohammed43
The document discusses several cranial nerves:
1. The olfactory nerve (CN I) is a purely sensory nerve that carries smell sensations from the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb.
2. The optic nerve (CN II) is a purely sensory nerve that carries visual sensations from the retina to the brain. It exits the eyeball through the optic canal.
3. The document provides an overview of the anatomy and functions of several cranial nerves, including their nuclei, fiber types, course through the cranium, distribution and functions. It discusses the oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal and facial nerves.
This document discusses the anatomy of the skull, brain, and cranial nerves. It begins by describing the bones that make up the skull and their functions in protecting the brain and housing sensory organs. It then details the meninges, ventricles, circulation and protection of the brain. The major structures of the brain are defined, including the cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum, and their functions. Finally, the 12 pairs of cranial nerves are introduced, their points of attachment in the brainstem described, and their general motor and/or sensory functions outlined.
This document discusses the 12 cranial nerves, including their origins, functions, and clinical significance. It provides detailed information on each nerve's anatomy and physiology. The cranial nerves include sensory, motor, and mixed nerves that arise from different parts of the brain and brainstem. Damage to cranial nerves can cause issues like blindness, facial paralysis, loss of smell, and impaired speech or swallowing. Being able to classify the cranial nerves and understand their functions is important for neurology and clinical practice.
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that emerge from the brain and connect it to structures in the head and neck. They can be classified based on their motor or sensory functions and embryonic origins. The cranial nerves control facial muscles, eye movement, salivation, hearing, taste, swallowing, and more. They allow the brain to receive sensory information from and send motor commands to the head and neck.
The document discusses the skull, brain, cranial nerves and related structures. It provides details on:
1) The bones that make up the skull, their openings and functions in protecting the brain.
2) The meninges and cerebrospinal fluid which surround and nourish the brain and spinal cord.
3) The 12 pairs of cranial nerves, their attachments, functions and pathways through openings in the skull.
4) Key structures of the brain like the cerebrum, brainstem, ventricles and blood supply.
5) Membranes, bones and pathways involved in protecting and supplying the brain.
International Cancer Survivors Day is celebrated during June, placing the spotlight not only on cancer survivors, but also their caregivers.
CANSA has compiled a list of tips and guidelines of support:
https://cansa.org.za/who-cares-for-cancer-patients-caregivers/
Nerves of the Head and Neck: Intro, CNS, PNS, Cranial Nerves, TrigeminalHeatherSeghi
The three branches of the trigeminal nerve are the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. The maxillary nerve has branches that innervate the maxillary teeth and gingiva. The mandibular nerve has both sensory and motor branches, with the posterior division providing sensory innervation to the mandibular teeth, gingiva and other structures. The trigeminal nerve is the most important nerve for dentistry as it provides sensory innervation to the face, teeth and oral cavity.
The document summarizes the cranial and spinal nerves of the peripheral nervous system. It describes the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, including their names and functions. It also mentions the 31 pairs of spinal nerves and their organization into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions. Each spinal nerve is attached by a ventral and dorsal root that unite to form a trunk and then divide into a ventral and dorsal ramus to innervate different regions of the body.
The document provides an overview of the peripheral nervous system, including details about cranial nerves, the spinal cord, spinal nerves, and peripheral nerve plexuses. It discusses the names, functions, and pathways of 12 pairs of cranial nerves. It describes the gross anatomy and histology of the spinal cord, as well as the organization and branches of spinal nerves. Finally, it reviews the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses and their contributions to innervation of the head, neck, upper limbs, lower limbs, and pelvis.
The facial nerve is one of a group of nerves called the cranial nerves (CN), 12 pairs of nerves that, with the exception of the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI), originate in the brain and contribute to the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
facial nerve contains many different types of fibers, including general sensory (afferent) fibers, special sensory fibers, visceral/autonomic motor (efferent) fibers, and somatic motor fibers.
So these are also the functions of facial nerve:
Somatic sensory
Special sensory
Branchial motor
Parasympathetic motor
To remember the branches of the facial nerve, you can use the following mnemonic: "To Zambia By Motor Car", standing for:
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical branches.
Presented by: Mohammadsaleh Moallem
The document discusses the 12 pairs of cranial nerves. It describes the anatomy and functions of each nerve. The cranial nerves emerge from the brain and pass through openings in the skull, carrying sensory information from structures in the head and neck and motor signals to muscles like the extraocular muscles that control eye movement. The document focuses on describing the course and distribution of each cranial nerve pair.
This presentation was developed by me and another classmate to present some of the major features and characteristics of the nervous system as relating to orofacial structures. We also focused on learning how to make adjustments and adaptations for individuals with nervous system disorders.
The document summarizes the 12 cranial nerves, including their origins, paths through the skull, branches, and functions. Key points include:
- Cranial nerves I-VI originate in the brain, while VII-XII originate in the brainstem
- They have both motor and sensory components that innervate structures of the head and neck like muscles, sense organs, and glands
- The trigeminal nerve is the largest cranial nerve and has three major divisions that innervate the face
- The optic nerve carries visual information from the eyes to the brain
- Cranial nerves exit the skull through various foramina to innervate their target structures
Peripheral Nervous System. Cranial Nerves – Part 1Eneutron
The document provides information on the structural organization and functional roles of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It discusses how the PNS is divided into 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves. It also summarizes the key characteristics and functions of each of the 12 cranial nerves.
The document summarizes the origin and functional components of the 12 cranial nerves. It discusses that cranial nerve fibers with motor functions arise from nuclei in the brainstem, while sensory fibers originate from ganglia outside the brainstem. The cranial nerves have different functional components including somatic efferent, visceral efferent, and somatic/visceral afferent fibers. Specific cranial nerves are described in more detail, including their nuclei of origin, peripheral innervation, and clinical correlations of damage.
The document summarizes key aspects of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It describes that the PNS is outside the brain and spinal cord and connects the central nervous system to sensory receptors and effector organs. It then discusses the following key points:
- Spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord in 31 pairs and connect to the PNS, innervating different regions of the body.
- The PNS is divided into afferent fibers that carry sensory information to the CNS and efferent fibers that carry motor commands away from the CNS to muscles and glands.
- There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that emerge from the brain and connect to structures in the head and neck region
The trigeminal nerve is the fifth cranial nerve. It is a mixed nerve that carries motor and sensory fibers. It has three main divisions - the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. The ophthalmic nerve innervates the upper face, the maxillary nerve innervates the mid face, and the mandibular nerve innervates the lower face and has both sensory and motor components. The trigeminal nerve is important for facial sensation and functions like chewing. It is also associated with conditions like trigeminal neuralgia.
Anatomy of hind brain (mid brain,pons & medullaDrMohammed43
The document discusses several cranial nerves:
1. The olfactory nerve (CN I) is a purely sensory nerve that carries smell sensations from the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb.
2. The optic nerve (CN II) is a purely sensory nerve that carries visual sensations from the retina to the brain. It exits the eyeball through the optic canal.
3. The document provides an overview of the anatomy and functions of several cranial nerves, including their nuclei, fiber types, course through the cranium, distribution and functions. It discusses the oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal and facial nerves.
This document discusses the anatomy of the skull, brain, and cranial nerves. It begins by describing the bones that make up the skull and their functions in protecting the brain and housing sensory organs. It then details the meninges, ventricles, circulation and protection of the brain. The major structures of the brain are defined, including the cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum, and their functions. Finally, the 12 pairs of cranial nerves are introduced, their points of attachment in the brainstem described, and their general motor and/or sensory functions outlined.
This document discusses the 12 cranial nerves, including their origins, functions, and clinical significance. It provides detailed information on each nerve's anatomy and physiology. The cranial nerves include sensory, motor, and mixed nerves that arise from different parts of the brain and brainstem. Damage to cranial nerves can cause issues like blindness, facial paralysis, loss of smell, and impaired speech or swallowing. Being able to classify the cranial nerves and understand their functions is important for neurology and clinical practice.
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that emerge from the brain and connect it to structures in the head and neck. They can be classified based on their motor or sensory functions and embryonic origins. The cranial nerves control facial muscles, eye movement, salivation, hearing, taste, swallowing, and more. They allow the brain to receive sensory information from and send motor commands to the head and neck.
The document discusses the skull, brain, cranial nerves and related structures. It provides details on:
1) The bones that make up the skull, their openings and functions in protecting the brain.
2) The meninges and cerebrospinal fluid which surround and nourish the brain and spinal cord.
3) The 12 pairs of cranial nerves, their attachments, functions and pathways through openings in the skull.
4) Key structures of the brain like the cerebrum, brainstem, ventricles and blood supply.
5) Membranes, bones and pathways involved in protecting and supplying the brain.
International Cancer Survivors Day is celebrated during June, placing the spotlight not only on cancer survivors, but also their caregivers.
CANSA has compiled a list of tips and guidelines of support:
https://cansa.org.za/who-cares-for-cancer-patients-caregivers/
Gemma Wean- Nutritional solution for Artemiasmuskaan0008
GEMMA Wean is a high end larval co-feeding and weaning diet aimed at Artemia optimisation and is fortified with a high level of proteins and phospholipids. GEMMA Wean provides the early weaned juveniles with dedicated fish nutrition and is an ideal follow on from GEMMA Micro or Artemia.
GEMMA Wean has an optimised nutritional balance and physical quality so that it flows more freely and spreads readily on the water surface. The balance of phospholipid classes to- gether with the production technology based on a low temperature extrusion process improve the physical aspect of the pellets while still retaining the high phospholipid content.
GEMMA Wean is available in 0.1mm, 0.2mm and 0.3mm. There is also a 0.5mm micro-pellet, GEMMA Wean Diamond, which covers the early nursery stage from post-weaning to pre-growing.
Exploring the Benefits of Binaural Hearing: Why Two Hearing Aids Are Better T...Ear Solutions (ESPL)
Binaural hearing using two hearing aids instead of one offers numerous advantages, including improved sound localization, enhanced sound quality, better speech understanding in noise, reduced listening effort, and greater overall satisfaction. By leveraging the brain’s natural ability to process sound from both ears, binaural hearing aids provide a more balanced, clear, and comfortable hearing experience. If you or a loved one is considering hearing aids, consult with a hearing care professional at Ear Solutions hearing aid clinic in Mumbai to explore the benefits of binaural hearing and determine the best solution for your hearing needs. Embracing binaural hearing can lead to a richer, more engaging auditory experience and significantly improve your quality of life.
As Mumbai's premier kidney transplant and donation center, L H Hiranandani Hospital Powai is not just a medical facility; it's a beacon of hope where cutting-edge science meets compassionate care, transforming lives and redefining the standards of kidney health in India.
About this webinar: This talk will introduce what cancer rehabilitation is, where it fits into the cancer trajectory, and who can benefit from it. In addition, the current landscape of cancer rehabilitation in Canada will be discussed and the need for advocacy to increase access to this essential component of cancer care.
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS POWER POINT PRESENTATIONblessyjannu21
Myasthenia gravis is a neurological disease. It affects the grave muscles in our body. Myasthenia gravis affects how the nerves communicate with the muscles. Drooping eyelids and/or double vision are often the first noticeable sign. It is involving the muscles controlling the eyes movement, facial expression, chewing and swallowing. It also effects the muscles neck and lip movement and respiration.
It is a neuromuscular disease characterized by abnormal weakness of voluntary muscles that improved with rest and the administration of anti-cholinesterase drugs.
The person may find difficult to stand, lift objects and speak or swallow. Medications and surgery can help the patient to relieve the symptoms of this lifelong illness.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
Let's Talk About It: Breast Cancer (What is Mindset and Does it Really Matter?)bkling
Your mindset is the way you make sense of the world around you. This lens influences the way you think, the way you feel, and how you might behave in certain situations. Let's talk about mindset myths that can get us into trouble and ways to cultivate a mindset to support your cancer survivorship in authentic ways. Let’s Talk About It!
2. 12 pairs of cranial nerves
III to XII attached to
brain stem
Their cell bodies form
nuclei in the brain stem
First cell body of sensory
nerves lie out side CNS
(form ganglia)
3. Summary of cranial nerves
Aspects to study
1. Position of nucleus
2. Emerging point from brain stem
3. Intracranial course
4. Point of exit from the cranial cavity
5. Extracranial course
6. Distribution
5. Branchial (Pharyngeal) Arches
• Core of mesodermal
tissue covered by
ectoderm and
endoderm
• Each of the arch will
have its own
bone/cartilage, muscles,
nerve and artery
endoderm
ectoderm
Branchial
6. Premaxilla, maxilla, zygomatic
bone, part of temporal bone and
mandible
Mandibular branch of
trigeminal nerve (V)
Facial nerve (VII)
Glossopharyngeal nerve
(IX)
Superior laryngeal branch
of vagus nerve (X)
Recurrent laryngeal branch
of vagus nerve (X)
9. Posterior horn
Lateral horn
Anterior horn
Motor
Sensory
Motor
Sensory
Posterior
Spinal cord (thoracic or lumbar)
Somatic sensory
Visceral sensory
Visceral motor
Somatic motor
11. Types of sensations
Visceral sensory
Somatic sensory
General Visceral sensory
pain, temperature, touch, viration
position sense
Special Visceral sensory
taste
General Somatic sensory
pain, temperature, touch, vibration
position sense
Special Somatic sensory
hearing
13. Functional components of cranial nerves
Somatic Motor
Muscles of the orbit
(III, IV, VI)
Muscles of tongue
(XII)
III
IV
VI
XII
14. Branchial Motor
Muscles of mastication (V)
Facial muscles (VII)
Pharyngeal and laryngeal
muscles (Nucleus ambiguus
via IX, X, XI nerves)
15. Visceral Motor
Edinger Westphal nucleus
(accessory oculomotor)
Salivary nuclei (NI part of VII, IX)
Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
(for cardiac muscles, smooth
muscles of alimentary tract)
16. Sensory
Consists of single nuclei for visceral
and somatic sensory
Visceral sensory with taste
Nucleus of tractus solitarious which
receives taste fibres from the tongue
through VII, IX
and sensory from heart, lungs and
other viscera through X
22. Superior orbital fissure
(III, IV, V1, VI)
Foramen rotundum
(V2)
Foramen ovale
(V3)
Foramen spinosum
Foramen lacerum
Internal acoustic meatus
(VII, VIII)
Jugular foramen
(IX, X, XI)
Hypoglossal canal
(XII)
Optic canal
(II)
23. Olfactory Nerve (I)
Olfactory bulb
Olfactory tract
Anterior perforated
substance
Uncus
Bypass thalamus and goes directly into
the taste area
Nerve filaments
Cribriform plate of
ethmoid bone
25. Optic Nerve (II)
Optic nerve
Optic chiasma
Optic tract
Superior colliculus
(body reflexes)
Pretectal nucleus
(pupillary reflexes)
Lateral geniculate body
of thalamus
Internal
capsule
Optic
radiation
26. Oculomotor Nerve (III)
Somatic motor nucleus
Visceral motor nucleus
(Edinger westphal nucleus)
Nerve emerges from ventral
aspect of midbrain
travel’s in the lateral wall of the
cavernous sinus
27. Oculomotor Nerve… cont.
Levator palpabrae
superioris
Dilator pupillae
Superior rectus
Medial rectus, inferior
rectus, inferior oblique
Ciliary muscle
Sphincter pupillae
Ciliary ganglion
Superior division
Inferior division
Sympathetic from
Internal carotid plexus
Parasympathetic from
EW nucleus
28. Trochlear Nerve (IV)
Somatic motor nucleus
Emerges from the dorsal aspect of
midbrain
Travels in the lateral wall of the
cavernous sinus
Supplies the superior oblique muscle
29. Abducens Nerve (VI)
Somatic motor nucleus
Nucleus lies in lower pons near
midline
Emerge between pons and pyramid
of medulla
Travels through the cavernous sinus
Supply the lateral rectus muscle
30. Oculomotor N (III)
Ventral
midbrain
Lateral wall
Cavernous S
Divide
Sup. & Inf.
divisions
Sup/infrao
rbital
fissure
Trochlear N (IV)
Dorsal
midbrain
Lateral wall
Cavernous S
Superior
orbital
fissure
Abducent N (VI)
Between
Pons & pyramid
of medulla
within
Cavernous S
Superior
orbital
fissure
31. Cavernous sinus
1- Oculomotor N
2- Trochlear N
3- Abducent N
4- Ophthalmic branch of TN
5- Maxillary branch of TN
6- Sympathetic plexus of N
7- Internal carotid A
8- Pituitary gland
33. Trigeminal nerve (V)
Branchial motor nucleus
Somatic sensory nucleus
Emerge from the ventral aspect of pons
Sensory and motor roots emerge
separately
34. Trigeminal nerve… cont.
Cell bodies of 1st order
SA fibres
Trigeminal ganglion
Somatic
sensory
nucleus
Branchial
motor
nucleus
Foramen ovale
Ophthalmic
division
Maxillary
division
Lat. Wall of
cavernous
sinous
Mandibular
division
Mandibular
nerve
(mixed)
35. Facial Nerve (VII)
Branchial motor nucleus
Visceral motor nucleus
(Superior salivary nucleus)
Taste sensory nucleus
(Tractus solitarius)
Main facial nerve and the
nervous intermedius parts
emerge from the
cerebellopontine angle
36. Geniculate ganglion
(taste 1st order cell bodies)
Nucleus of
Tractus
solitarious
Chorda tympani
nerve
Taste from
anterior tongue
Nervous
intermedius
Facial Nerve…cont.
Branchial motor
nucleus
Nerve to
stapedius
Stylomastoid
foramen
Pure branchial motor facial nerve
Supply muscles of facial
expression
Ear drum
VE to submandibular gland
and glands on the mouth floor
Greater petrosal
nerve
Sup. salivary
nucleus
Internal acoustic
meatus
37. Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)
Cochlear nerve
Vestibular nerve
Hair cells of spiral
organ
Hair cells of utricle,
saccule and semilunar
canals
Spiral ganglion of cochlea
Vestibular ganglion
Internal acoustic
meatus
Cerebellopontine
angle
Cochlear
nuclei
in pons
Vestibular
nuclei
in medulla
38. Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)
Branchial motor nucleus (Nucleus ambiguus)
supplies stylopharyngeus muscle
Parasympathetic nucleus (Inferior salivary
nucleus)
supplies parotid gland
Sensory nuclei
GSS from posterior tongue goes to sensory
nucleus of trigeminal nerve
Taste from the posterior tongue goes to the
tractus solitarius
VS from baroreceptors go to nucleus of tractus
solitarius
39. Vagus Nerve (X)
Branchial motor nucleus (Nucleus ambiguus)
supplies pharyngeal constrictors
Visceral motor nucleus (Dorsal motor nucleus
of vagus)
supplies muscles of heart, bronchi, oesophagus,
stomach and intestines
Visceral sensory nucleus
VS from larynx, heart, lung… goes to nucleus of
tractus solitarius
GSS goes to sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve
40. Accessory Nerve (XI)
Branchial motor nerve
Cranial root From nucleus ambiguus
Fibres in the cranial root join the vagus
nerve
Somatic motor nerve
Spinal root Anterior horn cells of upper 5-6
cervical spinal segments
Fibres in the spinal root supply
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
muscles
41. Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
Somatic motor nerve
Leaves cranial cavity through the hypoglossal canal
Supplies all muscles (intrinsic and extrinsic) of tongue except
palatoglossus