Understanding the lessons and partime

1. Deafness &
Hearing Loss

2. Brief History

4. Deafness and Hearing Loss
- Deafness, Hearing loss or hearing impairment refers to the total or
partial inability to hear.

5. Mild hearing loss: Hearing loss of 20 to
40 decibels.
Moderate hearing loss: Hearing loss of
41 to 60 decibels.
Severe hearing loss: Hearing loss of 61 to
80 decibels.
Profound hearing loss or deafness:
Hearing loss of more than
81 decibels.

7. Deafness – a severe condition that prevents an individual from receiving
sound in all or most of its forms. They communicate through sign language.
note: in Deaf community, they use two different
spellings of the word deaf:
Deaf – They used capital D to refer to people who
have been deaf all their lives, or since before
they started to learn to talk. They are pre-
lingually deaf, because Deaf people tend to
communicate in sign language as their first
language. They identify themselves as a
member of the deaf community.
deaf - People who identify as deaf with a lowercase
'd' don't always have a strong connection to the
Deaf community and don't always use sign
language. They don’t identify themselves as
part of the community.

8. Hearing loss- This is a reduced ability to hear sounds in the same way as
other people. They usually communicate through spoken language and can
benefit from hearing aids, cochlear implants, and other assistive devices as well
as captioning.

9. Types of Hearing Loss
01
02
03
Conductive Hearing Loss
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Mixed Hearing Loss
04 Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum
Disorder (ANSD)

10. 01
- occurs when sound conduction is impeded through the external ear, the
middle ear, or both. It may also cause by infection or a bone abnormality; or
the eardrum may have been injured. This type of hearing loss can often be
treated with medicine or surgery.
Conductive Hearing Loss

11. 02 Sensorineural Hearing Loss
- results from disease or trauma to the sensory or neural components of the
inner ear; the cochlea and involves the hair cells and nerve endings.

12. 03 Mixed Hearing Loss
- occurs when an individual has both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, or a
combination of any of the disorders. This means that there may be damage in the outer
or middle ear and in the inner ear or nerve pathway to the brain.

13. 04
- a hearing problem in which the ear detects sound normally but has a problem sending it to the
brain.
- happens when there is damage somewhere along the hearing (auditory) nerve. This is the
pathway between the Inner ear's cochlea (which takes sounds and turns them into
messages) and the brain.
Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder
(ANSD)
- Children who are born early or have a family member
with ANSD are more likely to have it.
Kids with ANSD may:
• have trouble telling one sound from another
• not understand speech clearly
• hear sounds that fade in and out
• seem as though their hearing changes

14. What Are the Signs & Symptoms of
ANSD?
Even if a child passes a newborn hearing screening, hearing problems might be noticed
over time. Symptoms can start at any age, but most kids with ANSD are born with it.
Talk to the doctor if your child does not reach these
hearing milestones in the first year of life:
•For newborns, startling or "jumping" to sudden
loud noises.
•By 3 months, recognizing a parent's voice.
•By 6 months, turning the eyes or head toward a
new sound and repeating sounds (like “ooh” and
“aah”).
•By 12 months, making babbling sounds,
responding to their name, imitating words, and
saying a few words, such as "mama" or "bye-bye."
As your child gets older, signs of a hearing problem
may include:
•limited, unclear, or no speech
•not seeming to pay attention or follow directions
•not responding to conversation-level speech or
answering inappropriately
•being easily frustrated when there's a lot of
background noise
•needing a higher TV volume
•learning problems

15. How Is ANSD
Diagnosed?
ANSD is diagnosed by an audiologist. An audiologist specializes in testing and helping people with hearing
loss. Hearing tests that can help diagnose ANSD include:
Otoacoustic emission (OAE): This test measures how well the cochlea works. It's done when the child is
lying still or asleep. Tiny earphones are placed in the ear canal. Clicking sounds or tones are made, and
electrodes (tiny stickers with wires attached) pick up the response from the inner ear (cochlea).
Auditory brainstem response (ABR): This test measures how well the hearing nerve sends sound from
the inner ear to the brainstem (the lower part of the brain). This test can show if the brain is not receiving
the information in a clear way. Tiny earphones are placed in the ear canal. Clicking sounds or tones are
made, and electrodes measure the hearing nerve and brain’s response to the sounds. ANSD is likely
when the OAE is normal and there is little or no response during the ABR.
Middle ear muscle reflex (MEMR) test: Inside the ear is a tiny muscle that tightens when we hear a loud
noise. This is called the middle ear muscle reflex (MEMR). For this test, a soft rubber probe tip goes in
the ear canal. A series of loud sounds are sent through the tips into the ears. A machine records how
well the middle ear muscle reflex reacts to the sounds. In a child with ANSD, loud sounds don't trigger
the reflex or sounds need to be louder to trigger it.

16. How Is ANSD Treated?
Children with ANSD get care from a team of specialists, such as an audiologist, ear, nose, and throat (ENT)
doctor, speech-language therapist, and education specialist. Treatment depends on the child’s age,
what part of the hearing nerve is not working, and how much hearing loss there is.
Most kids with ANSD benefit from an assistive listening device. These work best when combined with
ongoing speech-language therapy to help improve speaking and hearing skills. Assistive listening
devices include:
Frequency modulation (FM) systems: An FM system helps reduce background noise and makes a
speaker's voice louder. The person talking (like a teacher) wears a tiny microphone and a transmitter.
The transmitter sends an electrical signal to a wireless receiver that the child wears either on the ear or
directly in a hearing aid. It's portable, and can be helpful in classrooms and other loud settings.
Hearing aid: A hearing aid amplifies sounds coming into the ear. Hearing aids can help some children with
ANSD, especially when used with an FM system. Hearing aids used alone do not help kids with ANSD
because they only make the disorganized sound louder.
Cochlear implant: A cochlear implant is an option for some kids with ANSD. This surgically placed device
bypasses the parts of the ear that are not working properly. It stimulates the hearing nerve directly. With
training and therapy, kids with a cochlear implant can learn to hear and speak well.

17. Presbycusis (prez-buh-KYOO-sis) -
A conditions that are more common
in older people, such as high blood pressure
and diabetes, are associated with hearing
loss. It is caused by changes in the inner ear
that occur as you grow older.
Exposure to loud noise - Loud noise can
damage cells and membranes in the cochlea.
Esp. Gunshot, Fireworks, High Volume of
music, or any loud noise above 120 dB
Heredity - GJB2-related hearing loss is an
autosomal recessive genetic disorder
because the mutations only cause deafness
in individuals who inherit two copies of the
mutated gene, one from each parent.
Causes of Hearing Loss
Illness - certain diseases can
cause hearing loss,
including meningitis, mumps,
cytomegalovirus and chickenpox.
Ototoxic medications -
can damage the sensory hair cells
that line your inner ears.
Head injury - Physical
accidents can result in hearing
loss when they involve a
perforated eardrum, traumatic
brain injury (TBI), or skull fracture.

19. THANK YOU!!