The document provides information on doors and windows, including their definitions, components, locations, sizes, types, and frames. It discusses various door types such as battened, ledged, framed, panelled, and flush doors. Window types include fixed, pivoted, double hung, sliding, casement, sash, louvred, and metal windows. The concluding paragraphs note the historical importance of doors and windows and modern developments in automatic and sensor-based door and window designs.
Flooring refers to any material applied over a floor structure to provide a walking surface. Common flooring materials include carpet, resilient flooring (e.g. vinyl, linoleum), wood, ceramic tile, stone, terrazzo, and seamless chemical coatings. The choice of flooring material depends on factors like cost, durability, noise insulation, comfort, and maintenance requirements. A subfloor provides structural support for the flooring material and may be finished without additional covering. Common flooring types discussed include carpet, wood, resilient, ceramic tile, marble, brick, glass, rubber, and stone flooring.
Windows come in a variety of types and designs to serve different functions. The most common type is the casement window, which has two panes that open outward from the frame, providing good illumination while obstructing little light. Other common types include double-hung or sash windows with two glass panes that open independently, as well as bay windows comprising three windows that form an alcove protruding from the house to create a sense of spaciousness. Proper treatment of windows depends on their shape, size and location within a room or house.
Windows are composed of glazing (glass or plastic), a sash that holds the glazing, and a frame. There are several types of windows including casement, awning/hopper, horizontal sliding, and double hung. Window frames can be made from wood, metal, vinyl, fiberglass, or composites. Energy efficiency and standards depend on factors like glazing, weatherstripping, and materials. All windows in Canada must meet standards for performance, insulation, and durability. Proper weatherstripping around windows helps prevent air leakage.
Interior design is the art and science of understanding people's behavior to create functional interior spaces. Interior designers focus on planning and functional design, while decorators focus more on decoration and aesthetics. Wallpaper is a material used to cover and decorate interior walls that provides decoration, protection, and helps set the mood. It comes in various materials, designs, sizes and is installed using wallpaper paste. Key factors when selecting wallpaper include price, quality, country of origin, design, and ease of removal. Popular brands discussed are Marcel, Harlequin, and Casamance.
Doors and windows by G.NAGESH KUMAR Sr.Assistant Prof, G.P.R.E.C, Kurnool-7NAGESH KUMAR GUTURU
Door is a movable barrier used in walls to control access, ventilation, noise, and aesthetics. Common door types include hinged, sliding, revolving, and collapsible doors. Hinged doors have frames and panels or glazing and are the most common. Sliding doors move horizontally on tracks while revolving doors have four rotating wings. Collapsible doors act like steel curtains and roll up. Door size, material, and components can vary based on location and intended use.
Glass is manufactured through a process of melting raw materials at high temperatures, floating the molten glass on a bed of tin, and gradually cooling and annealing the glass to remove internal stresses. The main types of glass are float glass, shatterproof laminated glass, and toughened glass. Glass has properties of hardness, transparency, and electric insulation and is used widely in construction for windows, doors, and glazing due to its ability to transmit light while being weather resistant. However, glass is also brittle and prone to breaking, making it a somewhat hazardous and expensive material.
Timber has various properties that make it suitable for use as a non-structural building material. It has low thermal conductivity, high specific heat, and is ideal for sound absorption. Timber can improve acoustics in concert halls and auditoriums. Different timber surfaces provide different tactile sensations. Timber is also an aesthetic material that comes in a wide variety and is used for cladding, ceilings, flooring, and finishes to decorate buildings.
Flooring refers to any material applied over a floor structure to provide a walking surface. Common flooring materials include carpet, resilient flooring (e.g. vinyl, linoleum), wood, ceramic tile, stone, terrazzo, and seamless chemical coatings. The choice of flooring material depends on factors like cost, durability, noise insulation, comfort, and maintenance requirements. A subfloor provides structural support for the flooring material and may be finished without additional covering. Common flooring types discussed include carpet, wood, resilient, ceramic tile, marble, brick, glass, rubber, and stone flooring.
Windows come in a variety of types and designs to serve different functions. The most common type is the casement window, which has two panes that open outward from the frame, providing good illumination while obstructing little light. Other common types include double-hung or sash windows with two glass panes that open independently, as well as bay windows comprising three windows that form an alcove protruding from the house to create a sense of spaciousness. Proper treatment of windows depends on their shape, size and location within a room or house.
Windows are composed of glazing (glass or plastic), a sash that holds the glazing, and a frame. There are several types of windows including casement, awning/hopper, horizontal sliding, and double hung. Window frames can be made from wood, metal, vinyl, fiberglass, or composites. Energy efficiency and standards depend on factors like glazing, weatherstripping, and materials. All windows in Canada must meet standards for performance, insulation, and durability. Proper weatherstripping around windows helps prevent air leakage.
Interior design is the art and science of understanding people's behavior to create functional interior spaces. Interior designers focus on planning and functional design, while decorators focus more on decoration and aesthetics. Wallpaper is a material used to cover and decorate interior walls that provides decoration, protection, and helps set the mood. It comes in various materials, designs, sizes and is installed using wallpaper paste. Key factors when selecting wallpaper include price, quality, country of origin, design, and ease of removal. Popular brands discussed are Marcel, Harlequin, and Casamance.
Doors and windows by G.NAGESH KUMAR Sr.Assistant Prof, G.P.R.E.C, Kurnool-7NAGESH KUMAR GUTURU
Door is a movable barrier used in walls to control access, ventilation, noise, and aesthetics. Common door types include hinged, sliding, revolving, and collapsible doors. Hinged doors have frames and panels or glazing and are the most common. Sliding doors move horizontally on tracks while revolving doors have four rotating wings. Collapsible doors act like steel curtains and roll up. Door size, material, and components can vary based on location and intended use.
Glass is manufactured through a process of melting raw materials at high temperatures, floating the molten glass on a bed of tin, and gradually cooling and annealing the glass to remove internal stresses. The main types of glass are float glass, shatterproof laminated glass, and toughened glass. Glass has properties of hardness, transparency, and electric insulation and is used widely in construction for windows, doors, and glazing due to its ability to transmit light while being weather resistant. However, glass is also brittle and prone to breaking, making it a somewhat hazardous and expensive material.
Timber has various properties that make it suitable for use as a non-structural building material. It has low thermal conductivity, high specific heat, and is ideal for sound absorption. Timber can improve acoustics in concert halls and auditoriums. Different timber surfaces provide different tactile sensations. Timber is also an aesthetic material that comes in a wide variety and is used for cladding, ceilings, flooring, and finishes to decorate buildings.
The document discusses different types of doors. It describes 18 types of doors including battened and ledged doors, which are the simplest type using vertical battens and horizontal ledges. Braced and ledged doors add diagonal braces for increased strength. Framed and ledged doors improve on this with vertical styles. Panel doors consist of a frame with vertical styles and horizontal rails containing wood or other panels. Other door types discussed include glazed doors, louvered doors, revolving doors, sliding doors, and flush doors.
Drywall partitions are widely used for several reasons. Drywalls can be soundproofed, allowing people to work without noise distractions. They are also faster to build than other materials, saving time during renovations. Additionally, drywalls provide a smooth, elegant surface and are easier and cheaper to repair than alternatives like plaster. They are lightweight, fire-resistant, and can be easily installed within a strong, stable metal frame system.
Doors and windows provide access and ventilation in buildings. Doors consist of a frame and shutter, while windows consist of a frame and sashes or shutters. There are various types of doors and windows classified by their construction, operation, and purpose. Proper installation of door and window frames is important to ensure they function correctly and do not become damaged over time.
This document presents information on doors and windows. It discusses 10 common types of doors, including ledged, braced, panelled, glazed, flush, revolving, sliding, collapsible steel, and rolling steel shutter doors. It also discusses 10 types of windows, such as casement, steel, bay, clear story, corner, dormer, skylight, sliding, glazed, and pivoted windows. The document provides brief descriptions and illustrations of each door and window type. It covers the materials, uses, and basic constructions of different doors and windows.
Laminated boards are made from thin sheets of wood or veneers glued together with adjacent plies crossed at right angles for strength. They have a protective plastic layer on one or both sides, making them resistant to weather, moisture and impacts. Common types include plywood with ABS or FRP laminate. They are used for floors, walls, furniture and other applications requiring durable, weatherproof materials. Laminated composites use a core of wood fibers or particles bonded with resin while plywood or veneers use a wood core.
The document discusses doors, windows, plastering, pointing and paints. It provides definitions and classifications for each.
For doors, it describes the basic components and different types including ledged, framed, panelled, glazed, flush, louvered, collapsible steel, revolving, rolling steel and sliding doors.
For windows, it defines types such as fixed, pivoted, double hung, sliding, casement, glazed and louvered windows. Special types like bay, clerestory, corner and dormer windows are also outlined.
Plastering techniques and materials including lime, cement and mud plasters are covered. Pointing involves finishing mortar joints and types like flush
This document discusses doors and windows used in buildings. It covers the locations of doors and windows and how they should be placed to allow for ventilation and passage. It also defines various technical terms used for door and window components. Finally, it describes different types of doors and windows, including their sizes and constructions. The types of doors covered include paneled, glazed, flush, louvered, revolving, and collapsible doors. Window types include fixed, pivoted, double hung, sliding, casement, louvered, bay, dormer, gable and skylight windows.
This document discusses various types of wall finishes and coatings used for interior and exterior surfaces. It describes common finishes like plaster, roughcast plaster, sand faced plaster and their application processes. It also summarizes different types of paints used on walls, their constituents and purposes. Defects in plaster and painting work are outlined as well.
This document discusses different types of wall finishes. It begins by defining wall finishes as enhancements given to walls to improve interior or exterior appearance. Some key structural wall finishes mentioned include tiles, wood, terracotta, marble wash and stone. The document then focuses on tile finishes, describing different types like ceramic, porcelain, glazed, glass, mosaic and natural stone tiles. It provides details on characteristics and applications of each tile type. Additionally, it covers various wood paneling options for wall finishes like shiplap, board and batten, plank, tongue and groove and bead board. Maintenance requirements are also summarized.
Types of Cladding Material For your HomeJohn Marian
If you want to improve or renovate your old house then allow Homeclad to carry out the complete home improvement process in an effective manner. Here we give you an overview about different types of cladding materials which are suitable for your home.
The document discusses different types of flooring materials and their construction. It describes the key components of flooring as the sub-floor or base course, and floor covering. Common materials used include cement concrete, lime concrete, stones, bricks and wood. The selection of flooring depends on factors like initial cost, appearance, durability, damp and fire resistance. Specific flooring types discussed include mud, muram, brick, flagstone, cement concrete, terrazzo, mosaic and tile flooring.
In this presentation we will learn how the thermal insulation of building can be done. Different materials used for thermal insulation and methods to do it are explained.
This document discusses various wall finishes and patterns. It describes different types of finishes like cement textured, plastered, wood panels, and plywood that can be used on walls. It also discusses plaster finishes like plaster of Paris and gypsum plaster. Other finishes mentioned include laminate, marble powder, wallpapers, fabrics, and cork. The document also covers decorative paint techniques like transparent layers, trompe l'oeil, stenciling, and distressing. Finally, it summarizes mosaics, murals, graffiti style murals, and tile murals as wall covering options.
Upholstery provides padding, springs, webbing and fabric or leather covers to furniture, especially seats. It uses materials like leather, cotton and plastics that can be stitched, tacked or glued. Quality furniture still uses leather while most have foam under fabric covers. Frames and spring systems are key components, with frames beginning with wood that is joined and reinforced, while spring systems support seating areas using standard or hand-tied springs.
Veneer, laminate, cement fiber board, and mineral fiber board are common construction and material options. Veneer is thin slices of wood glued to panels, available in raw, paper, or phenolic backed varieties. Laminates are bonded paper layers creating durable, decorative sheets. Cement fiber board uses cement, fibers, and cellulose for durability and moisture resistance. Mineral fiber board uses mineral wool and other materials for strength and noise reduction. Each has advantages for different applications like furniture, walls, or ceilings depending on thickness and properties.
Plastics are widely used in building construction and materials. They are used for roofing materials, cladding panels, sound and thermal insulation, decorative laminates, adhesives and sealants, and more. Plastics provide advantages over traditional materials like being lightweight, resistant to rot and weather, and requiring little maintenance. Common plastics used in buildings include polycarbonate, PVC, polystyrene, and foams for insulation. While plastics have advantages, they can also soften at high temperatures or become brittle in cold.
A door is a movable barrier used in buildings to provide access. Doors are held in place by a door frame. The earliest doors date back to ancient Egypt and were made of wood. Different types of ancient doors included those made of olive wood, elm, cedar, oak and cypress. Modern doors come in many styles and materials depending on their purpose and location within residential or commercial buildings. Common door types include French doors, sliding doors, bifold doors and flush doors.
Chapter 6 doors, windows & ventilatorsKHUSHBU SHAH
This document provides information on doors, windows, and ventilators used in building construction. It defines doors and windows, discusses their functions, components, types, sizes and locations used in buildings. It describes different types of doors like revolving doors, sliding doors, swing doors, collapsible steel doors, rolling shutter doors and their components. Similarly, it discusses types of windows like fixed windows, pivoted windows, sliding windows, casement windows, glazed windows and their characteristics. Recommended dimensions for different types of windows are also provided.
The document discusses doors and windows. It describes common materials used for door construction like timber, plywood, glass, metals and concrete. It outlines different types of door movements such as swinging, revolving, sliding, rolling shutter and folding doors. It also discusses window types including casement, sash, double-hung, louvered, pivoted and sliding windows. Finally, it covers locks, latches and modern door locks that use technologies like electronic and biometric locks.
The document discusses different types of doors. It describes 18 types of doors including battened and ledged doors, which are the simplest type using vertical battens and horizontal ledges. Braced and ledged doors add diagonal braces for increased strength. Framed and ledged doors improve on this with vertical styles. Panel doors consist of a frame with vertical styles and horizontal rails containing wood or other panels. Other door types discussed include glazed doors, louvered doors, revolving doors, sliding doors, and flush doors.
Drywall partitions are widely used for several reasons. Drywalls can be soundproofed, allowing people to work without noise distractions. They are also faster to build than other materials, saving time during renovations. Additionally, drywalls provide a smooth, elegant surface and are easier and cheaper to repair than alternatives like plaster. They are lightweight, fire-resistant, and can be easily installed within a strong, stable metal frame system.
Doors and windows provide access and ventilation in buildings. Doors consist of a frame and shutter, while windows consist of a frame and sashes or shutters. There are various types of doors and windows classified by their construction, operation, and purpose. Proper installation of door and window frames is important to ensure they function correctly and do not become damaged over time.
This document presents information on doors and windows. It discusses 10 common types of doors, including ledged, braced, panelled, glazed, flush, revolving, sliding, collapsible steel, and rolling steel shutter doors. It also discusses 10 types of windows, such as casement, steel, bay, clear story, corner, dormer, skylight, sliding, glazed, and pivoted windows. The document provides brief descriptions and illustrations of each door and window type. It covers the materials, uses, and basic constructions of different doors and windows.
Laminated boards are made from thin sheets of wood or veneers glued together with adjacent plies crossed at right angles for strength. They have a protective plastic layer on one or both sides, making them resistant to weather, moisture and impacts. Common types include plywood with ABS or FRP laminate. They are used for floors, walls, furniture and other applications requiring durable, weatherproof materials. Laminated composites use a core of wood fibers or particles bonded with resin while plywood or veneers use a wood core.
The document discusses doors, windows, plastering, pointing and paints. It provides definitions and classifications for each.
For doors, it describes the basic components and different types including ledged, framed, panelled, glazed, flush, louvered, collapsible steel, revolving, rolling steel and sliding doors.
For windows, it defines types such as fixed, pivoted, double hung, sliding, casement, glazed and louvered windows. Special types like bay, clerestory, corner and dormer windows are also outlined.
Plastering techniques and materials including lime, cement and mud plasters are covered. Pointing involves finishing mortar joints and types like flush
This document discusses doors and windows used in buildings. It covers the locations of doors and windows and how they should be placed to allow for ventilation and passage. It also defines various technical terms used for door and window components. Finally, it describes different types of doors and windows, including their sizes and constructions. The types of doors covered include paneled, glazed, flush, louvered, revolving, and collapsible doors. Window types include fixed, pivoted, double hung, sliding, casement, louvered, bay, dormer, gable and skylight windows.
This document discusses various types of wall finishes and coatings used for interior and exterior surfaces. It describes common finishes like plaster, roughcast plaster, sand faced plaster and their application processes. It also summarizes different types of paints used on walls, their constituents and purposes. Defects in plaster and painting work are outlined as well.
This document discusses different types of wall finishes. It begins by defining wall finishes as enhancements given to walls to improve interior or exterior appearance. Some key structural wall finishes mentioned include tiles, wood, terracotta, marble wash and stone. The document then focuses on tile finishes, describing different types like ceramic, porcelain, glazed, glass, mosaic and natural stone tiles. It provides details on characteristics and applications of each tile type. Additionally, it covers various wood paneling options for wall finishes like shiplap, board and batten, plank, tongue and groove and bead board. Maintenance requirements are also summarized.
Types of Cladding Material For your HomeJohn Marian
If you want to improve or renovate your old house then allow Homeclad to carry out the complete home improvement process in an effective manner. Here we give you an overview about different types of cladding materials which are suitable for your home.
The document discusses different types of flooring materials and their construction. It describes the key components of flooring as the sub-floor or base course, and floor covering. Common materials used include cement concrete, lime concrete, stones, bricks and wood. The selection of flooring depends on factors like initial cost, appearance, durability, damp and fire resistance. Specific flooring types discussed include mud, muram, brick, flagstone, cement concrete, terrazzo, mosaic and tile flooring.
In this presentation we will learn how the thermal insulation of building can be done. Different materials used for thermal insulation and methods to do it are explained.
This document discusses various wall finishes and patterns. It describes different types of finishes like cement textured, plastered, wood panels, and plywood that can be used on walls. It also discusses plaster finishes like plaster of Paris and gypsum plaster. Other finishes mentioned include laminate, marble powder, wallpapers, fabrics, and cork. The document also covers decorative paint techniques like transparent layers, trompe l'oeil, stenciling, and distressing. Finally, it summarizes mosaics, murals, graffiti style murals, and tile murals as wall covering options.
Upholstery provides padding, springs, webbing and fabric or leather covers to furniture, especially seats. It uses materials like leather, cotton and plastics that can be stitched, tacked or glued. Quality furniture still uses leather while most have foam under fabric covers. Frames and spring systems are key components, with frames beginning with wood that is joined and reinforced, while spring systems support seating areas using standard or hand-tied springs.
Veneer, laminate, cement fiber board, and mineral fiber board are common construction and material options. Veneer is thin slices of wood glued to panels, available in raw, paper, or phenolic backed varieties. Laminates are bonded paper layers creating durable, decorative sheets. Cement fiber board uses cement, fibers, and cellulose for durability and moisture resistance. Mineral fiber board uses mineral wool and other materials for strength and noise reduction. Each has advantages for different applications like furniture, walls, or ceilings depending on thickness and properties.
Plastics are widely used in building construction and materials. They are used for roofing materials, cladding panels, sound and thermal insulation, decorative laminates, adhesives and sealants, and more. Plastics provide advantages over traditional materials like being lightweight, resistant to rot and weather, and requiring little maintenance. Common plastics used in buildings include polycarbonate, PVC, polystyrene, and foams for insulation. While plastics have advantages, they can also soften at high temperatures or become brittle in cold.
A door is a movable barrier used in buildings to provide access. Doors are held in place by a door frame. The earliest doors date back to ancient Egypt and were made of wood. Different types of ancient doors included those made of olive wood, elm, cedar, oak and cypress. Modern doors come in many styles and materials depending on their purpose and location within residential or commercial buildings. Common door types include French doors, sliding doors, bifold doors and flush doors.
Chapter 6 doors, windows & ventilatorsKHUSHBU SHAH
This document provides information on doors, windows, and ventilators used in building construction. It defines doors and windows, discusses their functions, components, types, sizes and locations used in buildings. It describes different types of doors like revolving doors, sliding doors, swing doors, collapsible steel doors, rolling shutter doors and their components. Similarly, it discusses types of windows like fixed windows, pivoted windows, sliding windows, casement windows, glazed windows and their characteristics. Recommended dimensions for different types of windows are also provided.
The document discusses doors and windows. It describes common materials used for door construction like timber, plywood, glass, metals and concrete. It outlines different types of door movements such as swinging, revolving, sliding, rolling shutter and folding doors. It also discusses window types including casement, sash, double-hung, louvered, pivoted and sliding windows. Finally, it covers locks, latches and modern door locks that use technologies like electronic and biometric locks.
This document provides information on doors and windows. It defines doors and windows, discusses their components like frames, shutters, and sizes. It then describes different types of doors like glazed, plastic, flush, louvered, collapsible, revolving, rolling steel, and sliding doors. For windows, it discusses considerations for size, shape, location and provides guidelines for window area based on room size and climate. It also lists common window types like casement, double hung, pivoted and sliding windows.
This document defines and describes different types of doors and windows. It begins by defining doors and windows as barriers secured in wall openings that provide access and admit air/light. Doors and windows consist of frames and shutters. The document then describes various door and window types based on their components, construction methods, operations, and materials. Common residential and commercial door sizes are also provided.
This document discusses different types of doors used in building construction. It describes revolving doors, which provide entry and exit simultaneously while keeping the opening closed. Metal sheet doors are recommended for places requiring high protection like warehouses. Sliding doors are suitable for shops where hinged doors would take up too much space. Swing doors with double-action springs are used in passages for their compact size. Rolling steel shutters and grills provide security while allowing visibility and ventilation. Fire check doors help control the spread of fires between rooms.
This document discusses doors, windows, and ventilation. It defines doors and windows, lists their common parts, and describes 10 types of doors and various types of windows based on use and materials. Windows allow light and air into a building, and at least 10% of the floor area should be openings for natural lighting and 5% for natural ventilation. The document outlines the process for fixing wooden doors and windows during construction and defines ventilation and ventilators.
This document discusses doors, windows, and ventilation. It defines doors and windows, lists their common parts, and describes 10 types of doors and various types of windows based on use and materials. Windows allow light and air into buildings. At least 10% of floor area should be openings for natural lighting and 5% for natural ventilation. The document outlines the process for fixing wooden doors and windows during construction and defines ventilation. Ventilators provide air flow and some natural light through smaller high/low openings. Various ventilator types are also described.
This document provides an overview of building construction materials with a focus on doors and windows. It discusses the definitions, components, sizes, types and selection criteria for doors and windows. For doors, it describes common types like framed doors, flush doors, and metal doors. For windows, it outlines fixed, sliding, pivoted, double hung and other types. Factors for selecting appropriate window types based on location, climate and other considerations are also summarized.
Definition and function of Door
Location of door in a building
Components of a door
Sizes of doors
Door frames
Technical terms
Types of doors
Definition and function of Windows
Recommended Dimension for windows
Types of windows
Fixtures and Fastening
This document discusses different types of doors, their components, materials, and mechanisms. It describes:
1. The main types of doors include wooden, metal, UPVC, framed and paneled, glazed or sash, flush, louvered, revolving, sliding, swing, collapsible, and rolling shutter doors.
2. Doors have various components like door frames, door shutters, rails, panels, and styles which form the basic structure.
3. The different materials used for doors are wood, metal, UPVC, and glass. Wooden doors are a premium choice but require more maintenance while metal doors are durable but can rust.
4. Doors are also
This document discusses different types of doors and windows and their functions and materials. It describes common door types like hinged doors, louvered doors, and collapsible doors. It also discusses window types such as double-hung windows, louvered windows, glazed windows and gable windows. Finally, it mentions materials commonly used for doors and windows like vinyl, fiberglass, aluminum, and wood.
This document provides definitions and information about doors and windows. It defines a door as an openable barrier secured in a wall opening. It then discusses door functions, common sizes, components like frames and shutters, and types including hinged, sliding, and collapsible doors. For windows, it discusses fixed, pivoted, double-hung, sliding, and casement windows, defining their characteristics and how they operate.
This document provides information about doors and door components. It discusses the definition and purpose of doors, as well as the typical location of doors within buildings. It describes the main parts of a door, including the door frame and shutter. It lists various technical terms used in door construction and gives standard size ranges for internal and external doors. The document also categorizes different types of doors based on their arrangement of components and working operations. Some door types discussed include hinged doors, glazed doors, framed and paneled doors, and sliding doors.
Doors,Windows & Ventilator in Building ConstructionEr.Karan Chauhan
Doors, Windows & Ventilator is a part of building component which is allow to Air & light move & circulate inward & outward, with in door Human or any other material can be move inside or outside also. here types of doors & windows & ventilation are given with necessity of location, function etc.
The document discusses different types of doors and windows. It describes doors in terms of their components, sizes, frames, types and materials. The main types of doors covered are paneled doors, glazed doors, flush doors, louvered doors, revolving doors, sliding doors, swing doors and collapsible doors. It also discusses different types of windows like fixed windows. Rolling shutters are described as curtain-like doors made of thin steel sheets used for shops and warehouses. The document provides detailed information on specifications and uses of different door and window components.
This document discusses different types of doors and their components. It describes common door types like paneled doors, flush doors, louvered doors, and revolving doors. It also covers door frames made from various materials and sizes of doors used in residential and public buildings. Key door components are identified like door frames, shutters, rails, panels and different joint details.
This document discusses doors, windows, and related components for buildings. It begins by defining doors and windows and describing their typical locations. It then discusses the components of doors, including frames and shutters. Several types of doors are described along with their characteristics. The document also defines windows and factors that influence window design and placement. Various window types are outlined. Ventilators, which provide ventilation near room ceilings, are defined. Common sizes for ventilators are provided. Finally, the document discusses common fixtures and fastenings used for doors, windows, and ventilators, including hinges, bolts, handles, and locks.
This document discusses different types of doors used in construction. It begins by outlining common materials used for doors like timber, steel, aluminum and PVC. It then describes the functional requirements of external doors, which require weather resistance, durability, strength, insulation. Internal doors have lighter requirements. The document categorizes timber doors as paneled, flush, fire-rated, or matchboarded. It details the construction methods of these doors and their frames. Aluminum doors are also discussed. Key parts of doors like stiles, rails and panels are defined. Various door hardware is outlined.
Comparative Analysis of Lezza Soho, bTi Landmark, Pinacle Tower & GP House.pptxJoynul Abadin Rasel
Leeza SOHO, also known as Li Ze Tower, is a 207 m tall commercial skyscraper located in the Lize Financial Business District in Beijing, China.
bTi Landmark, Pinacle Tower & GP House is most renowned tall buildings in Bangladesh!
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How to find and understand what is climate responsive or not climate responsive! Here are two buildings for example from Gulshan, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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This Presentation about Brick Masonry with a Beautiful Slides. This presentation covers - Brick Masonry Definition, Type of Bricks, General Principals, Bonds of Bricks, Other Bonds, Junction in Walls, Bonds in Pires, Retraining Wall, Design of Retraining Wall, Strength of Brick Masonry, Reinforced Brickwork. Hope You Enjoy!
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This document provides an overview of brick masonry. It discusses the types of bricks used, classifications of bricks, brick terminology, common brick bonds like header bond, stretcher bond, English bond and Flemish bond. It also describes brick masonry structures like piers, T-junctions, squint junctions. The principles of brick masonry construction and tools used by masons are outlined. Additionally, the document covers retaining walls - their design considerations, types, and factors affecting stability.
This Presentation about Brick Masonry with a Beautiful Slides. This presentation covers - Brick Masonry Definition, Type of Bricks, General Principals, Bonds of Bricks, Other Bonds, Junction in Walls, Bonds in Pires, Retraining Wall, Design of Retraining Wall, Strength of Brick Masonry, Reinforced Brickwork. Hope You Enjoy!
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This Presentation about Brick Masonry with a Beautiful Slides. This presentation covers - Brick Masonry Definition, Type of Bricks, General Principals, Bonds of Bricks, Other Bonds, Junction in Walls, Bonds in Pires, Retraining Wall, Design of Retraining Wall, Strength of Brick Masonry, Reinforced Brickwork. Hope You Enjoy!
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This Presentation about Brick Masonry with a Beautiful Slides. This presentation covers - Brick Masonry Definition, Type of Bricks, General Principals, Bonds of Bricks, Other Bonds, Junction in Walls, Bonds in Pires, Retraining Wall, Design of Retraining Wall, Strength of Brick Masonry, Reinforced Brickwork. Hope You Enjoy!
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Polarization is a property of transverse waves that describes the orientation of oscillations perpendicular to the direction of motion. Light waves can be plane, circularly, or elliptically polarized depending on the locus of the electric field vector over time. The intensity of light transmitted through a polarizing filter varies directly with the square of the cosine of the angle between the polarizer and analyzer. Polarization occurs through scattering, reflection, refraction, and transmission and has applications in sunglasses, LCD displays, 3D movies, and spectroscopy.
Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms) among the citizens of a town or city. These took many forms and varied widely in organization and makeup.
Communes were first recorded in the late 11th and early 12th centuries, thereafter becoming a widespread phenomenon. They had greater development in central-northern Italy, where they became city-states based on partial democracy. At the same time in Germany they became free cities, independent from local nobility.
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Twentieth century composers embraced this term to name their musical era because it seemed modern and exciting, and the various styles of music could not be combined under one stylistically descriptive term. Twentieth century music was preceded by several late romantic era developments, including impressionism and neoclassicism. In the twentieth century, there is no specific rule. There adds a term which is called visual art to music.
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Romanticism was an artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century as a rejection of the precepts of order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality that typified Classicism in general.
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Classical era music followed the late Baroque period of music. It maintained many styles of the Baroque tradition but placed new emphasis on elegance and simplicity (as opposed to Baroque music's grandiosity and complexity) in both choral music and instrumental music. It was followed by the Romantic period.
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20th Century music era (1900-Present). By the end of the Romantic period, classical music had reached something of a turning point. Composers began to reject these traditions in different ways in the 20th Century, creating a broad range of totally new and often radical music. As a result, there is no recognizable unified sound to the music of this period, and it is, in general, much more stylistically divergent than the preceding eras of Western art music.
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The Romantic period started around 1830 and ended around 1900
It was a time when composers, artists and authors moved away from the formal restraint of the Classical period.
Romantic Music is a stylistic movement in Western orchestral music associated with the period of the nineteenth century commonly referred to as the Romantic era (or Romantic period).
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Early music is music of the European classical tradition from after the fall of the Roman Empire, in 476.
Western music known today has its roots in the musical practices found in Europe and the Middle East over twenty centuries ago. These musical practices, in turn, have their roots in ancient Greek and Roman practices which are detailed in musical and philosophical treatises of the time.
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The Classical period was an era of classical music between roughly 1730 and 1820. The Classical period falls between the Baroque and the Romantic periods. Classical music has a lighter, clearer texture than Baroque music, but a more sophisticated use of form.
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The Baroque Period of Western Music History circa 1600 to 1750 AD. It may derive from the word barroco in Portuguese meaning “irregular shape.” Originally used in a derogatory fashion to describe artistic trends of this time period, baroque has come to broadly refer to the century and a half beginning in 1600.
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The Baroque Period of Western Music History circa 1600 to 1750 AD. It may derive from the word barroco in Portuguese meaning “irregular shape.” Originally used in a derogatory fashion to describe artistic trends of this time period, baroque has come to broadly refer to the century and a half beginning in 1600.
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Early music generally comprises Medieval music (500–1400) and Renaissance music (1400–1600) but can also include Baroque music (1600–1750). Early music is a broad musical era for the beginning of Western art music.
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
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Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
2. Content
Subject Page
Door Introduction 1
Location of Doors 2
Size of Doors 2
Door Frame 3
Types of Doors 4-14
Windows Introduction 15
Windows Frame 15
Design of Windows 16
Types of Windows 17-26
Conclusions 27
3. What is Door?
A door may be defined as a framework of wood, still, aluminum, glass or a combination of these
materials secured in an opening left in a wall for the for the purpose of providing access to the
users of the structures.
It basically consists of two parts:
1. Frame 2. Shutter (Leaf)
1
4. Location of Doors
1. Adequate Air Circulation Opposite walls facing each other
2. Proper Space & Privacy As possible be located near the corner of the room
3. Should Meet the Functional Requirements of The Room.
4. Determine the number of doors keeping the best use of space.
Size of Doors
No Types of Building Size (mm)
1 Doors of Residential Buildings
a) External Door 1000x2000
b) Internal Door 900x2000
c) Door for W.C/Bath 800x2000
2 Door of Public Budlings 1200x2000
3 Door for Garage 2250x2250
2
6. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Battened & Ledged Door
Battened Ledged & Braced Door
Battened Ledged Braced & Framed
Framed and Panelled Door
Glazed or Sash Door
Flush Door
Fly-Proof Door
Revolving Door
M.S. Sheet Door
Sliding Door
Swing Door
Collapsible Steel Door
Rolling Steel Door
Rolling Grill Door
Fire Check Doors
4
7. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Battened and Ledged Door
Batten
• A ledged door is formed of the vertical boards ,
known as the battens . which are secured by
horizontal supports , known as ledges .
• General Dimensions of batten are 100-150mm
width and 20-30mm thick.
• General dimension of ledges are 100-200mm
width and 25-30mm thick.
• The three ledges are generally employed- top,
middle & bottom.
• The battens are secured by means of suitable
joints & the shutter is hung on T-hinges which are
fixed on ledges.
• This is the simplest form of door & it is used
where strength & appearance are not important.
Ledge
5
8. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Battened Ledged and Braced Door
• These are like the ledged doors except that the
diagonal members, known as the braces, are
provided.
• 100-150mm width and 25-30mm thickness are
preferable.
• The give rigidity to the door & hence the doors of
this type are useful for wide openings.
Battened, Ledged and Framed Doors
• A framework for shutters is provided to make the
doors stronger & better in appearance, known as
stiles.
•The stiles are generally 100 mm wide and 40 mm
thick.
•The battens, ledges and braced are provided as
usual.
•This type of door is more durable & stronger &
hence it can be adopted for external use
6
9. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Glazed Doors
• In order to admit lighter, in addition to that coming
from the windows, the fully glazed or partly paneled
& partly glazed doors are used.
• Usually, the ratio of glazed portion to paneled
portion is 2:1
• The glazed or sash doors are useful for hospitals,
offices, libraries, showrooms, banks, shopping units,
etc.
Fly Proof Door
• These doors are used it is desired to allow the
free air into the room but to avoid the nuisance
of files mosquitoes, insects etc.
• These types of doors commonly used for
refreshment rooms, kitchens, storing food, sweet
shops, hotel etc.
7
10. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Framed and Paneled Doors
• These are very strong and will give good
appearance when compared to battened doors.
These are the widely used doors in almost all
types of buildings.
• Stiles, vertical members and rails, horizontal
members are grooved along the inner edges of
frame to receive the panels.
• The panels are made up of timber or plywood
or A.C. sheets or glass.
• The number & size of panels depend upon the
architect's design or owner's desire. But the
number varies from one to six & panels are
moulded to add to the beauty of the door.
• These doors may be single leaf for narrow
openings and double leaf for wider openings.
8
11. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Flush Doors
In flush doors, a solid or semi-solid or core portion is
covered on both sides with plywood or face veneer.
Now a days these type of doors are widely used
because of good appearance, economic, ease of
construction and greater durability. Types of Flushed
doors:
• Solid Core Type Flush Door.
• Cellular Core Flush Door.
• Hollow Core Type Flush Door.
9
12. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Revolving Doors
• The revolving shutters or leaves which are four in
number are radially attached to the pivot shown in fig
• The shutters may be fully glazed, fully paneled or
partly paneled & partly glazed.
• A revolving door simultaneously provides entrance on
one side & exit on the other end.
• At the same time, it keeps the opening automatically
in closed position. when not in use.
• A revolving door is very much useful for buildings,
where there is heavy rush of foot traffic, & also for air-
conditioned buildings. Hence, they are provided in big
hotels, banks. offices, theatres, hospitals, etc.
10
revolving shutters
13. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Sliding doors. Swing doors.
• This type of door is considered suitable for House,
shops, sheds, godowns, garage etc.
• The guide rails run past the opening, the door
shutter occupies a new position parallel to the
wall face and clear off the opening.
• Such doors are usually provided in the passage of
public buildings like offices, banks etc.
• The door may have single shutter or two shutters.
• The shutters are fixed with a special hinge known
as a double action spring hinge that keeps the
shutter closed when not in use.
11
14. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Collapsible Steel Doors Rolling Steel Shutter Door
• These doors are extensively used for Home, shops,
garages, public buildings, godowns etc. and in
situations where width of opening is large.
• These doors are also used of increased safety and
protection of the property.
• These doors are commonly used for show
windows, shops, store front and godown claws.
• The door shutter acts like a steel curtain and
provides adequate protection and protection
against thieves and fire.
12
15. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Rolling Grill Door. M.S. Sheet Door.
• Design, construction and operation If rolling grill
doors are like rolling steel doors in all recipes
except the type of shutter
• This type of door is recommended for railway
product sheds, garages, godowns, etc. where a high
level of protection and safety is required.
• The door is usually provided with two shutters.
• The door shutter is made from angle iron or channel
section frame which is fitted with angled iron
diagonal braces or M.S.
13
16. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Fire Check Door
• Fire check doors are needed to control and
limit the spread of fire by opening doors to
minimize damage to surrounding property in
the event of a fire and Emergency Situations
14
17. M.S. Sheet Door
A windows may be defined as an opening made in a wall for the purpose of providing day light, vision
and ventilation.
What is Windows?
The selection of size , shape , location and the number of windows to be provided in a room to be
depends upon the following considerations:
• Opening should be very 10-20%(Normal), 10-15% (Hot and Arid) and 15-20% (Hot and Humid)
• Public buildings should be 20%.
• For adequate natural light, glass panes in windows should be at least 8%
• Size of room to be lighted.
• Location of the room and its utility.
• Direction of wind and its speed.
• Climate consideration of the site.
The size and hence the number of windows can thus be worked out, once total area required for
window opening is known (Of the Floor area):
15
18. M.S. Sheet Door
Design of windows
The point to be kept in view while making provision for windows in a room are:
• The size and number of windows should be sufficient to provide adequate light and ventilation in
the room.
• Windows should be located opposite to each other.
• The windowsill should be placed at 75-100 cm above the floor level. Where privacy need desired,
windows sill should be kept at 1.75 m above the floor level.
• Buildings in humid region need special attention for adequate ventilation of the room.
• The shutter of windows in external walls should be open outside.
• All external windows, especially the ones ground floor should be provided with steel grills to
safeguard against theft.
• Windows in external wall should be provided with sunshade projections to prevent the entry of
the rainwater in the room.
16
19. M.S. Sheet Door
Classification of Windows
Fixed Windows
Pivoted Windows
Double Hung Windows
Sliding Windows
Casement Windows
Sash or Glazed Windows
Louvered Windows
Metal Windows
Bay Windows
Clere-Storey Window
Corner Windows
Dormer Windows
Gable Windows
Sky-Light
Fan-Light
Ventilator
17
20. M.S. Sheet Door
Fixed windows: Pivoted windows:
• The glass pane or the glazed shutter is
permanently fixed.
• It is used where light, or vision alone is needed as
no ventilation is possible.
• The shutters are allowed to swing round the
pivots.
• The windows may be vertically or horizontally
pivoted.
• The windows are easy to clean, and they admit
more lights.
Classification of Windows
18
21. M.S. Sheet Door
Double hung windows: Sliding windows:
• These windows consist of a pair of shutters which
can slide within the grooves provided in the
frame.
• A pair of metal weights connected by cord or
chain over pulleys is provided for each sash.
• The weights when pulled, open the shutter to the
required level. Thus, the ventilation can be
controlled & cleaning of shutters can be carried
out easily.
• It saves interiors
• It can be vertically or horizontally.
• Increased ventilation and sunshine
• Such windows are provided in buses, bank
counters, shops etc.
Classification of Windows
19
22. M.S. Sheet Door
Casement windows: Sash or Glazed Window:
• Windows where shutters open like doors called
casement windows.
• The construction system is like the door.
• It consist of a frame styles , rails , vertical &
horizontal sash bars & sometimes it include
mullions & transoms.
• The window shutter consist of two vertical stiles,
top rails and a bottom rail.
• The sash bars have rebates for fixing glass panels
• The width & depth of rebates are about 15mm &
5mm, respectively.
Classification of Windows
20
23. M.S. Sheet Door
Louvered Windows: Metal windows:
• They allow free passage of air when closed & at
the same time, they maintain sufficient privacy.
• The economical angle of inclination of the louvers
is 45degree angle.
• This type of window provides ventilation & light
even when ta opening is closed.
• Such windows are commonly recommended
where privacy is the main consideration.
• These are now a days widely used , especially for
public buildings.
• Windows made of metals, like mid steel,
galvanized mild steel, aluminum, bronze stainless
steel etc.
• These are recommended offices, hospitals, schools
etc.
Classification of Windows
21
24. M.S. Sheet Door
Advantages of steel windows:
• Steel windows are stronger and more durable
than wooden window.
• Steel windows are not affected by the weather
• They are resistant to the dangers of termites,
fungal infections, or ants.
• They are highly fire resistant.
• They're more precisioned and quality controled.
• Steel windows provide more area for light and
ventilation than wooden windows.
• Steel windows afford greater facilities for
providing different types of openable parts.
Classification of Windows
22
25. M.S. Sheet Door
Bay window Clere Story window
• A window projecting outward from the walls of a
room is termed as a bay window.
• Bay window may be Square, rectangular or
polygon in plan and it is introduced with a view to
provide an increased area of opening for
Admittance of light and ventilation.
• This type of window is used to achieve better
ventilation and cooling effect.
• Provided Near the top of the roof.
• Improving Elevation and Provide adequate natural
light.
• Shutter is horizontally pivoted, can be open or
closed by cords.
• Necessary to prevent rainwater.
Classification of Windows
23
26. M.S. Sheet Door
Corner Window Dormer Window
• Essentially located in the corner of a room.
• To ensure light and ventilations from two
direction.
• Serves as an architectural features for improving
the elevation.
• It is a vertical window built in the sloping of a
pitched roof.
• This window is provided to achieve proper
Ventilation and lighting.
Classification of Windows
24
27. M.S. Sheet Door
Classification of Windows
Gable Window
• The window provided in the gable end of a
pitched roof is known as gable window.
Fan Light
• The function of fan light is to ensure cross
ventilation in the room even when the door is
closed.
• Assist in providing natural light in the corridors.
25
28. M.S. Sheet Door
Sky Light Ventilation
• This is a type of fixed window provided on the
sloping surface of a pitched roof, the window
being parallel to The sloping surface.
• Provided with a view to permit the room below to
be fully lighted with natural light.
• Cutting in a common rafter and need to
waterproof.
• A ventilator may be defined as a narrow window
of small height provided near the roof of a room
for Providing ventilation in the room.
Classification of Windows
26
29. M.S. Sheet Door
Conclusions
Doors and windows have been used since the beginning of history, when people got the idea of
sociality, family and housing. Although at first the concept of windows was different. Slowly people
have this idea of windows, and from that beginning I see many modern door windows today. Some
of these are automatic, some of are artificial ones that open and close in human presence.
27