DRUG ABUSE OR SUBSTANCE ABUSE REFERS TO THE USE OF CERTAIN CHEMICALS FOR THE PURPOSE OF CREATING PLEASURABLE EFFECTS ON THE BRAIN. THERE ARE OVER 190 MILLION DRUG USERS AROUND THE WORLD AND THE PROBLEM HAS BEEN INCREASING AT ALARMING RATES, ESPECIALLY AMONG YOUNG ADULTS UNDER THE AGE OF 30. A DRUG IS A CHEMICAL THAT INTERACTS WITH PROTEINS IN THE BODY TO AFFECT A PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION. THIS IS THE GENERAL IDEA BEHIND ALL MEDICINE. ONCE THESE CHEMICALS ARE ABSORBED INTO THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION THEY BIND WITH CERTAIN PROTEINS AND THIS CHANGES THE FUNCTIONING OF THE CELL SLIGHTLY. A DRUG IS ANY SUBSTANCE THAT , WHEN ABSORBED INTO THE BODY OF LIVING ORGANISM , ALTERS NORMAL BODILY FUNCTIONS . DRUGS ARE CHEMICALS THAT CHANGE THE WAY A PERSON’S BODY WORKS BY ALTERING EMOTIONS AND THOUGHTS . DRUG ABUSE MAY BE DEFINED AS THE HABITUAL USE OF DRUGS NOT NEEDED FOR THERAPEUTIC PURPOSES, SOLELY TO ALTER ONE’S MOOD, AFFECT, STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS, OR TO AFFECT A BODY FUNCTION UNNECESSARILY.

2. DRUG ABUSE
REPRESENTED BY WASIM AKRAM
BSC NURSING
ADWIKA INSTITUTE OF NURSING

3. INDEX
• INTRODUCTION
• DEFINITION
• CAUSES OF DRUG ABUSE
• SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DRUG ABUSE
• EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE
• ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
• CATEGORIES OF DRUG ABUSE
• TREATMENT FOR DRUG ADDICTION
• PREVENTION OF DRUGE ABUSE .

4. INTRODUCTION
DRUG ABUSE OR SUBSTANCE ABUSE REFERS TO THE USE OF CERTAIN
CHEMICALS FOR THE PURPOSE OF CREATING PLEASURABLE EFFECTS ON
THE BRAIN . THERE ARE OVER 190 MILLION DRUG USERS AROUND THE
WORLD AND THE PROBLEM HAS BEEN INCREASING AT ALARMING
RATES , ESPECIALLY AMONG YOUNG ADULTS UNDER THE AGE OF 30 .
A DRUG IS A CHEMICAL THAT INTERACTS WITH PROTEINS IN THE
BODY TO AFFECT A PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION . THIS IS THE GENERAL
IDEA BEHIND ALL MEDICINE . ONCE THESE CHEMICALS ARE ABSORBED
INTO THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION THEY BIND WITH CERTAIN PROTEINS
AND THIS CHANGES THE FUNCTIONING OF THE CELL SLIGHTLY .

5. DEFINITION
• DRUG :
A DRUG IS ANY SUBSTANCE THAT , WHEN ABSORBED INTO THE BODY OF
LIVING ORGANISM , ALTERS NORMAL BODILY FUNCTIONS . DRUGS ARE
CHEMICALS THAT CHANGE THE WAY A PERSON’S BODY WORKS BY
ALTERING EMOTIONS AND THOUGHTS .
• DRUG ABUSE :
DRUG ABUSE MAY BE DEFINED AS THE HABITUAL USE OF DRUGS NOT
NEEDED FOR THERAPEUTIC PURPOSES , SOLELY TO ALTER ONE’S MOOD ,
AFFECT , STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS , OR TO AFFECT A BODY FUNCTION
UNNECESSARILY .

6. CAUSES OF DRUG ABUSE
• UNEMPLOYMENT
• FINANCIAL BURDENS
• SOCIO-CIVILIZATION CULTURE
• CURIOSITY / EXPERIMENTATION
• PEER PRESSURE
• ADDICTION
• SEXUAL INVOLVEMENT
• FAILURE IN EXAM
• BREAK-UP RELATIONSHIP
• DEPRESSION
• ILLEGAL RELATIONSHIP
• OTHERS ………

7. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
PHYSICAL WARNING
• BLOOD SHOT EYES
• PUPILS LARGER OR SMALLER THAN USUAL
• CHANGES IN APPETITE OR SLEEP PATTERNS
• SUDDEN WEIGHT LOSS OR WEIGHT GAIN
• DETERIORATION OF PHYSICAL
APPEARANCE
• UNUSUAL SMELLS ON BREATHS
• IMPAIRED COORDINATION .
BEHAVIORAL WARNING
• POOR WORK
• DECLINE IN PERFORMANCE
• FINANCIAL PROBLEM
• SECRETIVE BEHAVIOURS
• SUDDEN CHANGE IN FRIENDS AND
ASSOCIATES
• ACCIDENT OR TROUBLE PRONE
• LACK OF MOTIVATION AND WITHDRAWAL
• UNEXPLAINED ANXIETY .

8. EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE
DRUG ABUSE LEADS TO –
• LOSS OF COORDINATION
• POOR JUDGEMENT
• SLOWED REFLEXES
• DISTORTED VISION
• MEMORY LOSS
• HYPOCHONDRIA (MENTAL DISORDER)
• RESPIRATORY ILLNESS
• CARDIOVASCULAR ILLNESS
• ADDICTION
• CANCER

9. ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION

10. CATEGORIES OF DRUG OF ABUSE

11. 1.STIMULANTS
• STIMULANTS ARE DRUG THAT :
• STIMULATE THE BRAIN AND THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• INCREASE THE STATE OF MENTAL ALERTNESS
• DECREASE APPETITE .
• EFFECTS OF STIMULANTS :
• WEAKNESS
• ALERTNESS
• INCREASED ENERGY
• RESTLESSNESS
• CONFUSION
• INCREASED BREATHING AND HEART RATE
• ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE .

13. COCAINE :
• COCAINE IS THE MOST HARMFUL PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS .
• COMMON STREET NAME OF COCAINES ARE CRACK, COKE, SNOW .
• SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF COCAINE ABUSE :
• INCREASE AGITATION
• DISINHIBITION
• CHANEGE IN CONCENTRATION AND FOCUS
• COMMON COLD LIKE SYMPTOMS
• INCREASE MOVEMENTS .
• A LONG-TERM USER OF COCAINE MAY WELL DEVELOP SYMPTOMS OF OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL
DISORDERS , NAMELY :
• MAJOR DEPRESSION
• SOCIAL PHOBIA
• EATING DISORDERS .

14. 2.DEPRESSANTS
• DEPRESSSANT IS A SUBSTANCE THAT REDUCES THE NORMAL BODY ACTIVITY ,
FUNCTION OR AN INSTINCTIVE DESIRE SUCH AS APPETITE FOR FOOD. IT IS ALSO
KNOWN AS “DOWNERS”.
• CLASSUFICATION OF DEPRESSENTS :
1. ALCOHOL
2. BARBITURATES
3. CANNABIS
4. OPIOIDS
• EFFECTS OF DEPRESSENTS :
• HIGHLY ADDICTIVE
• PRODUCES SEDATION
• DIZZINESS
• HYPNOSIS, ANXIETY
• PERMANENTLY DAMAGE THE DEVELOPING FOETUS .

15. 3.HALLUCINOGEN
• HALLUCINOGENS ARE SUBSTANCES THAT
• ALTER SENSORY PROCESSING IN THE BRAIN
• CCAUSING PERCEPTUAL DISTURBANCE
• CHANGE IN THOUGHT PROCESSING AND DEPERSONALIZATION.
• TYPES OF HALLUCINOGENS :
• PSYCHEDELICS(Eg: LSD)
• DISSOCIATIVE(Eg: MAGIC MASHROOM)
• DELIRIANTS(Eg: DATURA)

16. 4.NARCOTICS
• NARCOTICS ARE THE SUBSTANCES USED TO
TREAT MODERATE TO SEVERE PAIN.
• NARCOTICS ARE LIKE OPIATES SUCH AS
MORPHINE AND CODEINE, BUT ARE NOT MADE
FROM OPIUM.
• THEY BIND TO OPIOID RECEPTORS IN THE
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
• EG: MORPHINE, CODEINE, TRAMADOL

17. TREATMENT FOR DRUG ADDICTION
• HOSPITALIZATION
• BEHAVIORAL THERAPIES
• OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
• CHAMGE IN ADDICT’S
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

18. PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF DRUG ABUSE
• REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE OF :
• CAUSES OF DRUG-TAKING BEHAVIOR
• SOURCES OF ILLICIT DRUGS
• TREATMENT PROGRAMS
• COMMUNITY ORGANIZED SKILLS
• PERSISTENCE AND COOPERATION OF VARIOUS
INDIVIDUALS AND AGENCIES.

19. ELEMENTS OF PREVENTION
• EDUCATION
• TREATMENT
• PUBLIC POLICY
• LAW ENFORCEMENT
 EDUCATION AND TREATMENT GOALS SAME:
REDUCE DEMAND FOR DRUGS
 PUBLIC POLICY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT GOALS SAME:
REDUCE SUPPLY AND AVAILABILITY OF DRUGS