Transaction Process System, Transaction Process Cycle, Group Decision Support System (GDSS), Group Decision Support System (GDSS) and it's Software tools

1. E-Business
Chapter # 6
Abdul Rashed Barakzai

2. Introduction
Online Business or e-business is any kind of business
or commercial transaction that includes sharing
information across the internet. Commerce constitutes
the exchange of products and services between
businesses, groups, and individuals and can be seen as
one of the essential activities of any business.

3. Types of E-Business
i. Business-to-business (B2B)
ii. Business-to-consumer (B2C)
iii. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
iv. Consumer-to-business (C2B)

4. 1. Business-to-business (B2B)
• The business-to-business eCommerce model is structured just like it sounds. It’s where
businesses sell products to other companies. Types of products include anything that
enhances another company’s business practices.
• One of the best examples of a B2B business is a software company. Think Salesforce,
HubSpot, or SurveyMonkey. All of these products are for the benefit of a business, and it
wouldn’t make sense for the typical mom-and-pop consumer to invest in enterprise
software

5. 2. Business-to-consumer (B2C)
• The business-to-consumer eCommerce model is also
straightforward. It’s when a business sells products
online, or via a mobile device, directly to consumers.
• Business-to-consumer are online businesses like
clothing, books, makeup, etc.
• Top B2C eCommerce companies include giants like
Amazon, eBay, and Alibaba.

6. 3. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
• A consumer-to-consumer business model is when one consumer makes and sells a product
to another consumer.
• One consumer may use a platform like Amazon, Etsy, or eBay to sell products to another
consumer.
• With online eCommerce tools like WooCommerce, consumers can even set up a C2C store
on their personal website

7. 4. Consumer-to-business (C2B)
• The last type of eCommerce business model is
consumer-to-business. This is where a consumer, or
individual entrepreneur, sells their products or
services to businesses.
• Good examples of C2B businesses would be a
business consultant, a freelance graphic designer,
or a social media influencer with a large audience.

8. What is Transaction?
• A Transaction is an agreement, or
communication, carried out between a buyer
and a seller to exchange an asset for payment. It
involves a change in the status of the finances
of two or more businesses or individuals.

9. Transaction Process System
• TPS are cross functional information system that process data resulting from the
occurrence of business transaction.
• Transaction are part of doing business, Such as sales, Purchases and etc.
• A transaction process system (TPS) is an information processing system for business
transactions involving the collection, modification and retrieval of all transaction data.
Characteristics of a TPS include performance, reliability and consistency. TPS is also
known as transaction processing or real-time processing.

10. Transaction Process Cycle
Data Entry
Transaction
Process
Database
Maintenance
Document and
Report
Generation
Inquiry
Processing

11. 1. Data Entry
• The first step of the transaction processing cycle is the capture of business data. For
example, transaction data may be collected by point-of-sale terminals using optical
scanning of bar codes and credit card readers at a retail store or other business.
• Transaction data can also be captured at an e-commerce Web site on the Internet.
• The proper recording and editing of data so they are quickly and correctly captured for
processing is one of the major design challenges of information systems.

12. 1. Transaction Process
• Transaction Processing. Transaction processing systems process data in two basic ways:
1) batch processing: where transaction data are accumulated over a period of time and processed
periodically, and
2) Real-time processing: (also called online processing), where data are processed immediately after a
transaction occurs.
• All online transaction processing systems incorporate real-time processing capabilities. Many online
systems also depend on the capabilities of fault tolerant computer systems that can continue to operate
even if parts of the system fail.

13. 3. Database Maintenance
• An organization’s databases must be updated by its transaction processing systems so that
they are always correct and up-to-date.
• Transaction processing systems serve to assist in maintaining the corporate databases of an
organization to reflect changes resulting from day-to-day business transactions. For example,
credit sales made to customers will cause customer account balances to be increased and the
amount of inventory on hand to be decreased.
• Database maintenance ensures that these and other changes are reflected in the data records
stored in the company’s databases.

14. 4. Document and Report Generation
• Transaction processing systems produce a
variety of documents and reports. Examples of
transaction documents include purchase orders,
paychecks, sales receipts, invoices, and
customer statements.
• Transaction reports might take the form of a
transaction listing such as a payroll register, or
edit reports that describe errors detected during
processing.

15. 3. Database Maintenance
• An organization’s databases must be updated by its transaction processing systems so that
they are always correct and up-to-date.
• Transaction processing systems serve to assist in maintaining the corporate databases of an
organization to reflect changes resulting from day-to-day business transactions. For example,
credit sales made to customers will cause customer account balances to be increased and the
amount of inventory on hand to be decreased.
• Database maintenance ensures that these and other changes are reflected in the data records
stored in the company’s databases.

16. Group Decision Support System (GDSS)
• GDSS are designed to help groups in meetings reach
consensus. Such systems started with facilities
(called decision rooms) in which people work together at the
same time and in the same place.
• A GDSS is an interactive computer-based system that
facilitates a number of decision-makers (working together in a
group) in finding solutions to problems that are unstructured in
nature. They are designed in such a way that they take input
from multiple users interacting simultaneously with the
systems to arrive at a decision as a group.

17. Group Decision Support System Component
1. Hardware: It includes electronic hardware like the
computer, equipment used for networking, electronic
display boards and audiovisual equipment. It also includes
the conference facility, including the physical set up, the
room, the tables, and the chairs, laid out in such a manner
that they can support group discussion and teamwork.

18. Group Decision Support System Component
2. Software Tools: It includes various tools and
techniques, such as electronic questionnaires, electronic
brainstorming tools, idea organizers, tools for setting
priority, policy formation tool, etc. The use of these
software tools in a group meeting helps the group
decision-makers to plan, organize ideas, gather
information, establish priorities, take decisions and
document the meeting proceedings. As a result, meetings
become more productive.

19. Group Decision Support System Component
3. People: It compromises the members participating
in the meeting, a trained facilitator who helps with the
proceedings of the meeting, and an expert staff to
support the hardware and software. The GDSS
components together provide a favorable
environment for carrying out group meetings.

20. Group Decision Support System (GDSS) Software Tools
1. Electronic Questionnaire
2. Electronic Brainstorming Tools
3. Idea Organizer
4. Tools for Setting Priority
5. Policy Formation Tool
Group decision support system software tools help the
decision-makers in organizing their ideas, gathering
required information and setting and ranking priorities

21. Continue…
• Electronic Questionnaire: The
information generated using the
questionnaires helps the organizers of the
meeting to identify the issues that need
immediate attention, thereby enabling the
organizers to create a meeting plan in
advance.
• Electronic Brainstorming Tools:
It allows the participants to simultaneously
contribute their ideas on the subject matter
of the meeting. As the identity of each
participant remains secret, individuals
participate in the meeting without the fear of
criticism.

22. Continue…
• Electronic Questionnaire: The
information generated using the
questionnaires helps the organizers of the
meeting to identify the issues that need
immediate attention, thereby enabling the
organizers to create a meeting plan in
advance.
• Electronic Brainstorming Tools:
It allows the participants to simultaneously
contribute their ideas on the subject matter
of the meeting. As the identity of each
participant remains secret, individuals
participate in the meeting without the fear of
criticism.

23. Continue…
• Idea Organizer:
It helps in bringing together, evaluating and
categorizing the ideas that are produced
during the brainstorming activity.
• Tools for Setting Priority:
It includes a collection of techniques, such
as simple voting, ranking in order and some
weighted techniques that are used for voting
and setting priorities in a group meeting.
Policy Formation Tool:
It provides the necessary support for
converting the wordings of policy statements
into an agreement.