The document discusses the four major layers that make up the structure of the Earth - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. Each layer has distinct characteristics. The crust is the outermost solid layer, while the mantle below is also solid rock but hotter. Below this is the liquid outer core consisting of iron and nickel. The inner core is the deepest layer and is solid due to extreme pressure.

1. EARTH STRUCTURE

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
identify the
four layers of
the earth
differentiate
the layers of
the earth
describe the
characteristics
of each layer
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At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

3. PLANET EARTH
Earth is known to be the only
planet in the universe that
sustains life. While it may appear
to be one huge solid rock, it is
actually made up of various
components, some of which are
constantly shifting and moving.

4. EARTH'S STRUCTURE
Earth's structure is made up of
four different layers. Each layer
has its distinct characteristics
and composition.

5. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT LAYERS OF
THE EARTH?

7. CRUST
• The crust is the
outermost layer of the
Earth and is the thinnest
among the Earth's major
layers. It is a solid, rocky
shell that surrounds the
mantle.

8. TWO TYPES OF
CRUST
•Continental crust- is thicker (up
to 70 km) and made mostly of
granitic rocks.
•Oceanic crust- is thinner
(around 5-10 km) and made
mostly of basaltic rocks.

9. MANTLE
• It is made of molten
iron and minerals that
will still flow under
pressure.

10. MANTLE
• It is the thickest layer of the
Earth and is made up of solid
rock.
• The upper mantle is closer to the
crust, while the lower mantle is
deeper down. The upper mantle
is more rigid, while the lower
mantle is hotter and under more
pressure.
• The mantle is responsible for
many important processes on
Earth. It plays a role in the
movement of tectonic plates,
which cause earthquakes,
volcanoes, and the formation of
mountains. The heat from the
Earth's core is transferred
through the mantle, helping to
drive these movements.

12. ASTHENOSPHERE AND
LITHOSPHERE
• The asthenosphere helps with
the movement of tectonic plates
and acts as a lubricating layer.
• The lithosphere includes the
crust and a part of the upper
mantle, and it is divided into rigid
plates that float on the semi-
fluid asthenosphere.

13. ASTHENOSPHERE AND
LITHOSPHERE

14. OUTER CORE
• It is beneath the mantle. It is
composed of liquid iron and
nickel.
• The outer core is liquid due to
intense heat, while the inner core is
solid because of extreme pressure
despite very high temperatures.

16. OUTER CORE
• The outer core is very hot,
with temperatures ranging
from 4,000 to 5,000
degrees Celsius (7,200 to
9,000 degrees
Fahrenheit). The intense
heat keeps the metal in a
liquid state even though
there is a lot of pressure.
• The movement of the liquid
metal in the outer core
creates electric currents,
which produce the magnetic
field that surrounds our
planet. This magnetic field
helps protect the Earth from
harmful solar radiation.

17. INNER CORE • It is the deepest layer of the
Earth. It is made up of solid
iron and nickel.
• The inner core is around
1,200 kilometers in radius
and believed to be solid iron.
• It experiences tremendous
pressure and temperatures
up to 5,000 to 6,000 degrees
Celsius.

19. INNER CORE
• It is a solid ball made
mostly of iron and nickel.
Even though it is very hot,
the intense pressure at
the center of the Earth
keeps it in a solid state.
• The solid inner core is
important for the Earth's
structure and magnetic field.
It helps keep the planet
stable and influences the
generation of the magnetic
field that surrounds the
Earth.

20. INNER CORE
• Scientists study the inner core by analyzing
seismic waves, which are waves generated by
earthquakes. By studying these waves, they
can learn more about the inner core's
composition and how it behaves. However,
because it is deep inside the Earth, it is
challenging to directly observe or study the
inner core.

21. • Scientists learn about Earth's interior
through methods like seismic waves,
drilling, and computer simulations.
UNDERSTANDING EARTH'S STRUCTURE
• Seismic waves, created by
earthquakes or artificially, give us
valuable information about the
composition and density of Earth's
layers.

22. IMPLICATIONS OF EARTH'S STRUCTURE
• Understanding Earth's structure is
important for fields such as geology,
seismology, and plate tectonics
• It helps us understand natural events
like earthquakes, volcanoes, and how
Earth's magnetic field behaves.

23. CONCLUSION
• Earth's structure is fascinating and
shows the complexity of our planet.
• By studying Earth's interior, we
deepen our understanding of its
history and how it works.

24. THANK YOU!