This PowerPoint presentation provides a thorough overview of strategies and protocols for managing hospitalized child, aiming to improve pediatric care and enhance the overall well-being of young patients.
HOSPITALIZATION: Effect on children and their parentsShivani Thakur
The experience of hospitalization in children can be considered as a process of effort for returning to health and, on the whole, the regaining of the individual's status in the world.
Nurse can ease this process by showing the importance of experience and feelings of individuals at the time of hospitalization and help people to adapt themselves to their new surroundings.
HOSPITALIZATION: Effect on children and their parentsShivani Thakur
The experience of hospitalization in children can be considered as a process of effort for returning to health and, on the whole, the regaining of the individual's status in the world.
Nurse can ease this process by showing the importance of experience and feelings of individuals at the time of hospitalization and help people to adapt themselves to their new surroundings.
At the end of unit 2, the students will be able to:
Appreciate the differences between children and adult
Describe the hospital environment for a sick child
Explain the impact of hospitalization on child
Discuss the grief and bereavement
Outline the role of a child health nurse
Explain the principles of pre- and post-operative care for children
Perform pain assessment in children
Stressor and effect of hospitaliztion on child and familymanishasammal
INTRODUCTION
It is a stressful experience for both children and their family. Hospitalization leads to interruption of child’s active growth and development. The child is removed from daily routine loss of contact with siblings, relatives and pers.
DEFINITION
A stressor is any event or stimulus that causes an individual to experience stress.
“Barbara kozier”
Stress is the pressure experienced by a person in response to life demands. Selye
Effect of Hospitalization on Child and Family Jyotika Abraham
Understand the effects of Hospitalization on the child who is admitted along with the siblings, parents and caregivers and the family. Also, understand the Nurses' responsibility towards the admitted child and the family. This Ppt. deals with the Nurses responsibility in detail not only towards the child but also towards the family as they are also tremendously affected by the hospitalization of their child. Understand the stress caused by child hospitalization, the defence mechanisms used by the child, the stressors of hospitalization in children of different age groups, Post hospitalization behaviour, beneficial effects of hospitalization, parental reaction, sibling reaction, informed consent for care, situations in which consent is required. Nursing management and therapeutic care, the safety of the hospitalized child, special hospital situations and discharge.
Communication with Children and Young Patients in MedicinesNawras AlHalabi
مهارات التواصل مع الأطفال والمرضى الصغار في الطّبّ
كلية الطب البشري في الجامعة السورية الخاصة
Please LIKE my page! http://facebook.com/NawrasAlHalabi
2014
Faculty of medicine of Syrian Private University.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
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Similaire à Enhancing pediatric care: A comprehensive presentation on hospitalized child management
At the end of unit 2, the students will be able to:
Appreciate the differences between children and adult
Describe the hospital environment for a sick child
Explain the impact of hospitalization on child
Discuss the grief and bereavement
Outline the role of a child health nurse
Explain the principles of pre- and post-operative care for children
Perform pain assessment in children
Stressor and effect of hospitaliztion on child and familymanishasammal
INTRODUCTION
It is a stressful experience for both children and their family. Hospitalization leads to interruption of child’s active growth and development. The child is removed from daily routine loss of contact with siblings, relatives and pers.
DEFINITION
A stressor is any event or stimulus that causes an individual to experience stress.
“Barbara kozier”
Stress is the pressure experienced by a person in response to life demands. Selye
Effect of Hospitalization on Child and Family Jyotika Abraham
Understand the effects of Hospitalization on the child who is admitted along with the siblings, parents and caregivers and the family. Also, understand the Nurses' responsibility towards the admitted child and the family. This Ppt. deals with the Nurses responsibility in detail not only towards the child but also towards the family as they are also tremendously affected by the hospitalization of their child. Understand the stress caused by child hospitalization, the defence mechanisms used by the child, the stressors of hospitalization in children of different age groups, Post hospitalization behaviour, beneficial effects of hospitalization, parental reaction, sibling reaction, informed consent for care, situations in which consent is required. Nursing management and therapeutic care, the safety of the hospitalized child, special hospital situations and discharge.
Communication with Children and Young Patients in MedicinesNawras AlHalabi
مهارات التواصل مع الأطفال والمرضى الصغار في الطّبّ
كلية الطب البشري في الجامعة السورية الخاصة
Please LIKE my page! http://facebook.com/NawrasAlHalabi
2014
Faculty of medicine of Syrian Private University.
Similaire à Enhancing pediatric care: A comprehensive presentation on hospitalized child management (20)
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
2. OBJECTIVES
Meaning of illness and
hospitalization to child
01
Preparation of
Family, siblings
04
Hospital environment
for a sick child
02
Effects of
hospitalization
05
Preparation of child
for hospitalization
03 Role of nurse
06
3. Introduction
• Hospitalization is an event with
inpredictable and often negative
consequences for children.
• Hospitalization is a significant event
that involves more than merely
staying in a hospital.
• Children and their families have a
variety of emotions, issues, and
transitions to deal with in addition to
health-related issues.
4. DEFINITION
Child Hospitalization is admittance of a child to the hospital
as a patient for treatment or observation or investigative
purpose.
5. MEANING OF ILLNESS AND
HOSPITALIZATION TO CHILD.
• A child's definition of illness is when they don't feel good physically.
A sore throat, cough, stomachache, or fatigue are some examples of
its symptoms.
• Sometimes the illness is brought on by pathogens, such as bacteria or
viruses.
• When a child is sick, they may require additional attention, rest, and
maybe medication to make them feel better. They might want
assistance from their loved ones and caregivers during this period in
order to return to their typical lively and healthy selves.
6. MEANING OF ILLNESS AND
HOSPITALIZATION TO CHILD
Neptune
INFANT
• Change in familiar routine
and surroundings response
with global reaction.
• Separation from love object.
7. MEANING OF ILLNESS AND
HOSPITALIZATION TO CHILD
TODDLER
• Fear of separation, desertion,
separation anxiety highest in this
age group.
• Relates illness to a concrete
condition, circumstances or
behavior
8. MEANING OF ILLNESS AND
HOSPITALIZATION TO CHILD
PRESCHOOL
• Fear of bodily harm or mutilation,
castration, intrusive procedures.
• Separation anxiety less intense than
toddlers but strong
• Causation same as toddler, often considers
own role in causation i.e illness as a
punishment for wrong doing
9. MEANING OF ILLNESS AND
HOSPITALIZATION TO CHILD
SCHOOL AGE
• Fears physical nature of illness
• Concern regarding separation from age
mates and ability to maintain position in
peer group.
• Perceives an external cause for illness,
although located in body.
10. MEANING OF ILLNESS AND
HOSPITALIZATION TO CHILD
ADOLESCENT
• Anxious regarding loss of independence, control,
identity concern about privacy.
• Perceives malfunctioning organ or process of
illness. Able to explain illness.
11. HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT FOR A SICK CHILD
Hospitalization may be emotionally and developmentally damaging to the
child.
It causes stress due to imbalance between environmental and societal
demands and child’s coping abilities.
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
CHANGE IN ROUTINE
12. PREPARATION OF HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT
1. Nurses warm approach and their concern can help child and his
family to cope up with hospitalization in a positive way.
2. The child and the family should be introduced to the physician, in
charge and other members of health team.
3. The child and family should be acquainted with the ward and places.
4. The child should be made familiar with the equipment.
5. Likes and dislike of the child should be kept in mind
13. PREPARATION OF HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT
1. The environment should be calm and quiet.
2. Parents should be allowed to stay with the child.
3. Parents should be involved in the care.
4. Provision to play and recreation
5. Ward setting should be pleasing and attractive.
14. PREPARING THE CHILD FOR
HOSPITALIZATION
PREPARING THE INFANT
As the infant cannot understand explanation, preparation has to be minimal.
Special items such as favorite toy, blanket, should be packed.
PREPARING THE TODDLER AND PRE-SCHOOLER
Three chief fears of the toddler and pre schooler are fear of unknown, fear od
abandonment and separation and fear of multilation.
These children need preparation clearly aimed at alleviating these fears. Bringing a
favorite toy can be a help. Child could be encouraged to play with hospital dolls and
toys.
15. PREPARING SCHOOL AGE AND ADOLESCENT
• Both school age and adolescents need factual explanations of what
will happen during hospitalization.
• A hospital orientation program in which facts of hospitalization are
discussed.
• Interact the child with another what had undergone through the
same condition.
16. PREPARING THE CHILD OF A DIFFERENT
CULTURAL BACKGROUND
• Maintain the assurance that proper care will be
provided to the child without differentiation
PREPARING DISABLED AND CHRONICALLY ILL
CHILD
• Help children to maintain a contact with their families
and school, friends during a long hospitalization
period, as they are staying in hospital for long term
care through phone call, letters and open visiting.
17. PREPARING FAMILY/CARE GIVERS
• Planning for hospitalization begins as soon as
possible.
• Easing parenteral anxiety regarding child.
• Orient the parents.
• Advice parents to ask questions
• Answer all queries
• explanation
18. EFFECT OF HOSPITALIZATION ON CHILD
Child may react to the stress of hospitalization before admission, during hospital
and after hospitalization.
INDIVIDUAL RISK FACTORS
• Stressors of hospitalization may cause children to experience short and long
term negative outcome
• Adverse outcome may be related to the length and number of admissions,
multiple invasive procedures and anxiety.
• Emotionally disturbed.
19. BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF HOSPITALIZATION
1. Recovery of illness
2. Opportunity for the children to master stress and feel competent in their
coping abilities.
3. Provide new socialization experience
4. Can broaden their interpersonal relationship.
20. IMPACT OF HOSPITALIZATION ON CHILD
CHILD
HOSPITALIZA
TION
IMPACT
DURING
HOSPITALIZATION
STRESS
BEFORE
DISCHARGE
AFTER
DISCHARGE
21. Children reaction to these crisis are influenced by:
1. the developmental age of the child,
2. previous experience with illness,
3. separation from parents,
4. coping skills,
5. seriousness of the diagnosis and
6. support system available.
22. MAJOR STRESSOR OF HOSPITALIZATION INCLUDE:
• Separation
• Loss of control
• Bodily injury and pain
• Fear of unknown
23. SEPARATION:
• Commonly in middle infancy throughtout the pre school years,
especially for children ages 16-30 months.
• PROTEST:
• Reacts aggressively
• Cry and scream for parents
• In-consoable
DENIAL:
• Stop crying
• Depressed
• Less active and not interested in play
25. LOSS OF CONTROL:
• The major areas of loss of control in terms of
• Physical restriction
• Altered routine or rituals
• Enforced dependency
26. BODILY INJURY AND PAIN:
Reactions to pain at different developmental periods:
INFANTS:
Squirming, writhing, jerking, some infants cry loudly,
where as others are easily calmed by gentle hug.
TODDLERS:
Localize the specific painful area.
PRE SCHOOLER:
physical and verbal aggressions.
SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN:
Fear of illness, disability and death.
28. Childs reaction to hospitalization
CONDITIONS REACTIONS
ILLNESS THREATS PHYSIOLOGICAL AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
SICKNESS PAIN, LONG SLEEPLESS PERIODS,
RESTRICTIONS OF FEEDS AND
RESTRAINT OF MOVEMENT CAUSE
ANXIETY AND ANGER.
SEPARATION EMOTIONAL TARUMA
29. EFFECT OF HOSPITALIZATION ON
FAMILY
1. Break the unity of the family
2. Emotional reaction
3. Feeling of inadequacy
4. Anxiety,
5. Self blame
6. Fear
7. Disappointment
8. Guilt
30. SPECIFIC CAUSE OF PARENTAL ANXIETY:
• Strange environment in the hospital
• Separation from child
• unknown events and outcome
• The suffering of the child.
• Financial obligation
• Society stigma
31. ROLE OF NURSE
1. Emotional support
2. Providing comprehensive information
3. Encouraging parental participation in care
32. EFFECT ON SIBLING
Siblings experience:
• Loneliness,
• fear and worry,
• anger,
• resentment,
• jealously,
• and guilt