Insanity
Mind in Psychology
DISORDERS OF COGNITION
DISORDERS OF AFFECT / EMOTIONS
DISORDERS OF CONATION / BODY FUNCTIONS
Classification of Psychiatric disorders ICD -10
LUCID INTERVAL- Psychiatry & Head Injury
Feigned Insanity
Test for determining criminal responsibilities
McNaughton Rules-The right or wrong test)
Durham’s Rule
Curren’s Rule
American law Institute Test
Civil and Criminal responsibility of an insane
Section 84 IPC
MENTAL HEALTHCARE ACT,2017
DISORDERS OF AFFECT / EMOTIONS
DISORDERS OF CONATION / BODY FUNCTIONS
Classification of Psychiatric disorders ICD -10
LUCID INTERVAL- Psychiatry & Head Injury
Feigned Insanity
Test for determining criminal responsibilities
McNaughton Rules-The right or wrong test)
Durham’s Rule
Curren’s Rule
American law Institute Test
Civil and Criminal responsibility of an insane
Section 84 IPC
MENTAL HEALTHCARE ACT,2017
This document provides information on forensic psychiatry and concepts related to insanity and criminal responsibility. It discusses:
- Forensic psychiatry deals with the application of psychiatry within the legal system. Many mentally ill people are punished the same as criminals without proper treatment.
- Tests for determining criminal responsibility include the M'Naghten rule, Durham rule, Curren's rule, and the American Law Institute test. These examine if mental illness prevented understanding of or ability to control unlawful acts.
- Insanity can affect criminal convictions if present during the crime. Diminished responsibility may reduce punishment if mental illness lessened full responsibility. Intoxication may also impact criminal but not civil responsibility.
This document provides information on forensic psychiatry and common psychiatric terms and symptoms. It discusses topics such as psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, neurosis, psychosis, delusions, hallucinations, and other key concepts. The key points are:
- Psychiatry is the branch of medicine dealing with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of mental illnesses and behavioral disorders. Forensic psychiatry applies psychiatry within the legal system.
- Neurosis involves emotional or intellectual disorders where reality testing is preserved, while psychosis involves a loss of contact with reality.
- Delusions are false beliefs that persist despite evidence. Hallucinations are false sensory perceptions without an external stimulus. Common types of delusions
This document provides information about forensic psychiatry and related topics. It begins by defining forensic psychiatry as the branch of psychiatry dealing with the application of psychiatry in the administration of justice. It then discusses mental illness, common psychiatric disorders and symptoms, delusions, hallucinations, and other relevant topics. It also explains concepts like insanity, criminal and civil responsibility of mentally ill individuals, and the McNaughton rule for determining criminal responsibility. In summary, the document outlines key aspects of forensic psychiatry including the evaluation and treatment of mental disorders in a legal context.
The document summarizes key aspects of forensic psychiatry. It begins by defining forensic psychiatry as a subspecialty that deals with the application of psychiatric knowledge to legal issues and application of legal knowledge to psychiatric issues. It then discusses several areas of focus in forensic psychiatry including psychiatry in criminal law, civil law, and as relates to children and organ transplantation. Specific historical cases are summarized that helped shape standards for insanity defenses. Relevant Indian laws pertaining to these topics are also briefly outlined.
Forensic psychiatry involves the application of psychiatric expertise in legal contexts. It encompasses the interface between law and psychiatry. Some key areas forensic psychiatrists deal with include criminal responsibility, civil commitment, fitness to stand trial, and risk assessment. The McNaughton Rules established the first standardized test for insanity defenses in criminal cases, focusing on whether the defendant could distinguish right from wrong. Subsequent tests like the Durham Rule and ALI Test refined this standard. Forensic psychiatry also informs areas of civil law like marriage validity, contracts, and testamentary capacity by evaluating a person's mental state and ability to make legal decisions.
Psychiatry– it deals with study, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental illness.
Forensic psychiatry- application of knowledge of psychiatry
These are the person who are unable to cope with the ordinary social circumstance
The document discusses criminal and civil responsibility as it relates to mental illness. It outlines the McNaughten Rule, which established the test for insanity as a criminal defense. It notes criticisms of this rule for only considering cognitive factors and not emotions or impulse control. Alternative rules like Durham's and Curren's are also summarized. The document then discusses applications of forensic psychology to civil legal proceedings involving personal injury cases. It provides an overview of how mental illness relates to concepts like consent, contracts, evidence, guardianship, property transfers, and adoption in both criminal and civil law.
This document provides information on forensic psychiatry and aspects related to determining criminal responsibility for mentally ill individuals. It discusses key topics such as:
- Forensic psychiatry deals with applying psychiatric knowledge to legal and justice systems.
- Various mental states and disorders are described, including hallucinations, delusions, and impulse control issues.
- Laws and tests for insanity are outlined, including McNaugthen's Rule which established the insanity defense.
- Civil responsibilities and ability to enter contracts are impacted by mental illness. Criminal responsibility depends on understanding the nature and wrongfulness of one's actions.
This document provides information on forensic psychiatry and concepts related to insanity and criminal responsibility. It discusses:
- Forensic psychiatry deals with the application of psychiatry within the legal system. Many mentally ill people are punished the same as criminals without proper treatment.
- Tests for determining criminal responsibility include the M'Naghten rule, Durham rule, Curren's rule, and the American Law Institute test. These examine if mental illness prevented understanding of or ability to control unlawful acts.
- Insanity can affect criminal convictions if present during the crime. Diminished responsibility may reduce punishment if mental illness lessened full responsibility. Intoxication may also impact criminal but not civil responsibility.
This document provides information on forensic psychiatry and common psychiatric terms and symptoms. It discusses topics such as psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, neurosis, psychosis, delusions, hallucinations, and other key concepts. The key points are:
- Psychiatry is the branch of medicine dealing with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of mental illnesses and behavioral disorders. Forensic psychiatry applies psychiatry within the legal system.
- Neurosis involves emotional or intellectual disorders where reality testing is preserved, while psychosis involves a loss of contact with reality.
- Delusions are false beliefs that persist despite evidence. Hallucinations are false sensory perceptions without an external stimulus. Common types of delusions
This document provides information about forensic psychiatry and related topics. It begins by defining forensic psychiatry as the branch of psychiatry dealing with the application of psychiatry in the administration of justice. It then discusses mental illness, common psychiatric disorders and symptoms, delusions, hallucinations, and other relevant topics. It also explains concepts like insanity, criminal and civil responsibility of mentally ill individuals, and the McNaughton rule for determining criminal responsibility. In summary, the document outlines key aspects of forensic psychiatry including the evaluation and treatment of mental disorders in a legal context.
The document summarizes key aspects of forensic psychiatry. It begins by defining forensic psychiatry as a subspecialty that deals with the application of psychiatric knowledge to legal issues and application of legal knowledge to psychiatric issues. It then discusses several areas of focus in forensic psychiatry including psychiatry in criminal law, civil law, and as relates to children and organ transplantation. Specific historical cases are summarized that helped shape standards for insanity defenses. Relevant Indian laws pertaining to these topics are also briefly outlined.
Forensic psychiatry involves the application of psychiatric expertise in legal contexts. It encompasses the interface between law and psychiatry. Some key areas forensic psychiatrists deal with include criminal responsibility, civil commitment, fitness to stand trial, and risk assessment. The McNaughton Rules established the first standardized test for insanity defenses in criminal cases, focusing on whether the defendant could distinguish right from wrong. Subsequent tests like the Durham Rule and ALI Test refined this standard. Forensic psychiatry also informs areas of civil law like marriage validity, contracts, and testamentary capacity by evaluating a person's mental state and ability to make legal decisions.
Psychiatry– it deals with study, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental illness.
Forensic psychiatry- application of knowledge of psychiatry
These are the person who are unable to cope with the ordinary social circumstance
The document discusses criminal and civil responsibility as it relates to mental illness. It outlines the McNaughten Rule, which established the test for insanity as a criminal defense. It notes criticisms of this rule for only considering cognitive factors and not emotions or impulse control. Alternative rules like Durham's and Curren's are also summarized. The document then discusses applications of forensic psychology to civil legal proceedings involving personal injury cases. It provides an overview of how mental illness relates to concepts like consent, contracts, evidence, guardianship, property transfers, and adoption in both criminal and civil law.
This document provides information on forensic psychiatry and aspects related to determining criminal responsibility for mentally ill individuals. It discusses key topics such as:
- Forensic psychiatry deals with applying psychiatric knowledge to legal and justice systems.
- Various mental states and disorders are described, including hallucinations, delusions, and impulse control issues.
- Laws and tests for insanity are outlined, including McNaugthen's Rule which established the insanity defense.
- Civil responsibilities and ability to enter contracts are impacted by mental illness. Criminal responsibility depends on understanding the nature and wrongfulness of one's actions.
Medico-legal responsibilities of mentally ill persons and recent amendments in Mental Health Act 2017, Procedures of restraint or admission of mentally ill person to psychiatric hospital.
This document summarizes various disorders of thought and intelligence. It discusses disorders like flight of ideas, slowing of thinking, circumstantiality, perseveration, thought blocking, obsessions and compulsions, thought alienation, and different types of delusions. It describes how intelligence is measured and different levels of intellectual disability. It also outlines various ways of classifying disorders of thinking, such as disorders of stream of thought, possession of thought, content of thought, and form of thought.
A POWER POINT PRESENTATION BY DR.SANGEETA CHOWDHRY & DR.SUNIL SHARMA, DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE & TOXICOLOGY, GOVT. MEDICAL COLLEGE, JAMMU (JAMMU AND KASHMIR)
ON
INSANITY
The document discusses various topics related to death and the grieving process. It covers the scientific study of death, signs of approaching death, the legal determination of death, types of death like sudden death from emotional stress, and factors involved in the grieving stages like timeliness and intent. It also discusses children's understanding of death, types of bereavement experiences, common grief reactions and their timelines, challenges that can arise, and the goal of grief therapy.
This document provides an overview of forensic psychiatry and defines common psychiatric terms and symptoms of mental illness that are relevant to the legal system. It describes normal mental functions and defines key concepts like insanity, mental impairment, delirium, delusions, hallucinations, illusions, impulses, obsessions, and lucid intervals. It distinguishes between psychoses and neuroses and provides examples of specific delusions, hallucinations, and impulses. Important medicolegal concepts are also outlined, such as distinguishing responsibility during lucid intervals in insanity versus head injury.
History about Malingering, Concept and nosology, Symptom presentation, Interview and observation, Psychological assessment, Diagnostic difficulty and Differential diagnosis.
The document discusses sexual offenses from a medicolegal perspective. It defines various types of sexual offenses according to Sri Lankan law, including rape, incest, unnatural offenses, gross indecency, grave sexual abuse, and sexual harassment. It then describes how victims of sexual offenses may present, with or without a complaint, noting various potential injuries and signs. It emphasizes the importance of obtaining informed consent and providing support when taking a thorough history from victims.
This document defines and classifies hallucinations, which are false sensory perceptions that occur without external stimuli. Hallucinations are categorized by sensory modality (auditory, visual, etc.), complexity, organization, and reality value. Neuroimaging research has found that auditory hallucinations are associated with reduced grey matter in language processing areas of the brain and altered connectivity between these areas and regions involved in control. Current models propose that hallucinations result from overactivity in sensory processing regions combined with weakened top-down control.
The document discusses various types of automatism as a legal defense. It defines automatism as unconscious and involuntary behavior, where the defendant was unaware of their actions. It describes two categories of automatism - sane automatism and insane automatism. Sane automatism refers to unconscious behavior resulting from an external cause like epilepsy, sleepwalking, or head injuries. Insane automatism involves unconscious behavior caused by internal mental disorders like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. The document provides examples of circumstances that could support automatism as a legal defense, such as sleepwalking or bee swarm attacks.
This document discusses criminal responsibility and insanity defenses. It outlines several tests for insanity that have been used, including the M'Naghten Rule, irresistible impulse test, Durham rule, and ALI test. It also discusses how insanity is viewed under Indian law, which follows an adaptation of the M'Naghten Rule. Various conditions like delusions, drunkenness, and sleepwalking are also examined in terms of how they impact criminal responsibility. Emerging trends show greater acceptance of psychiatric understanding and consideration of cognitive and emotional faculties.
Thanatology
Types of transplants
Cause, Mechanism of Death
Manner of death
Anoxia
Signs of Death
Immediate Changes (Somatic Death)
Early Changes (Molecular Death)
Algor Mortis ......
Reference
1) The document discusses hallucinations from a psychiatric perspective, covering their history, definitions, causes, and different types.
2) Hallucinations are defined as false perceptions that feel real to the patient but are not actually based on an external stimulus. They can affect any of the senses.
3) Common causes of hallucinations include psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, substances use, sensory deprivation, neurological disorders, and medical conditions.
This document defines and classifies various sexual offences under Indian law. It discusses natural offences like rape, adultery and incest. It also discusses unnatural offences per section 377 IPC, which criminalizes carnal intercourse against the order of nature. Further, it provides detailed definitions and explanations of rape, including the old and amended legal definitions. It also outlines the process for examining victims and suspects of sexual assault.
Forensic psychiatry deals with issues at the interface of psychiatry and the law. It has benefited from increased knowledge of the relationship between mental illness and criminality, evolutions in forensic legal operations, developments in systems interactions, and deeper understanding of biomedical ethics issues. The Mental Health Act of 1987 governs mental health care in India and introduced more humane terminology and emphasis on human rights compared to the previous 1912 act. However, it also retains some criminal aspects and does not fully reflect current policy or WHO guidelines. Other relevant laws include the Disability Act, Juvenile Justice Act, and those covering marriage, contracts, voting, and wills as they relate to individuals with mental illness.
This document provides an introduction to the field of psychiatry. It begins with definitions of key terms like psychiatry, psychology, psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. It then discusses the history of psychiatry, from early views of mental disorders as supernatural to modern biological perspectives. Famous figures in the field like Sigmund Freud, Anna Freud, Jean Piaget are mentioned. The document outlines concepts in phenomenology like delusions, hallucinations and classification systems like ICD-10 and DSM-5. It describes various sub-specialties within psychiatry such as addiction, biological, child and adolescent psychiatry.
A POWER POINT PRESENTATION BY DR.SANGEETA CHOWDHRY & DR.SUNIL SHARMA, DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE & TOXICOLOGY, GOVT. MEDICAL COLLEGE, JAMMU (JAMMU AND KASHMIR)
Identification involves determining an individual's identity through various means. This includes age, sex, physical characteristics, dental records, fingerprints, DNA, and other markers. Identification may be needed for living persons, deceased individuals, or skeletal remains. Several methods are used to determine factors like race, sex, age, height, and distinguishing features. Identification markers include tattoos, scars, dental records, fingerprints, and DNA analysis. These allow for unique identification of individuals in legal and forensic investigations.
Hii, I have uploaded my class presentation
Death & its causes/ Thanatology is very interesting and important topic in Forensic Medicine, might be useful for other readers also
This document provides information on forensic psychiatry and related topics. It defines forensic psychiatry as the branch of psychiatry dealing with the application of psychiatry in the administration of justice. It also defines and provides classifications and examples of mental illness, disorders, and conditions examined in forensic psychiatry such as delusions, hallucinations, illusions, impulses, and obsessions.
Schneider outlined three features of healthy thinking and five features of formal thought disorder. Delusions are firm, fixed beliefs not based on reality that are not amenable to rational arguments. Delusions can be categorized as bizarre, non-bizarre, mood-congruent, or mood-neutral. Causes include genetic, biological, psychological and environmental factors. Major types include primary delusions involving mood/atmosphere, perception, memory, or ideas of awareness, as well as delusions of grandeur, persecution, or somatic concerns. Delusions can occur in psychiatric illnesses like brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, dementia, mood disorders, Parkinson's disease, and postpartum psychosis.
Medico-legal responsibilities of mentally ill persons and recent amendments in Mental Health Act 2017, Procedures of restraint or admission of mentally ill person to psychiatric hospital.
This document summarizes various disorders of thought and intelligence. It discusses disorders like flight of ideas, slowing of thinking, circumstantiality, perseveration, thought blocking, obsessions and compulsions, thought alienation, and different types of delusions. It describes how intelligence is measured and different levels of intellectual disability. It also outlines various ways of classifying disorders of thinking, such as disorders of stream of thought, possession of thought, content of thought, and form of thought.
A POWER POINT PRESENTATION BY DR.SANGEETA CHOWDHRY & DR.SUNIL SHARMA, DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE & TOXICOLOGY, GOVT. MEDICAL COLLEGE, JAMMU (JAMMU AND KASHMIR)
ON
INSANITY
The document discusses various topics related to death and the grieving process. It covers the scientific study of death, signs of approaching death, the legal determination of death, types of death like sudden death from emotional stress, and factors involved in the grieving stages like timeliness and intent. It also discusses children's understanding of death, types of bereavement experiences, common grief reactions and their timelines, challenges that can arise, and the goal of grief therapy.
This document provides an overview of forensic psychiatry and defines common psychiatric terms and symptoms of mental illness that are relevant to the legal system. It describes normal mental functions and defines key concepts like insanity, mental impairment, delirium, delusions, hallucinations, illusions, impulses, obsessions, and lucid intervals. It distinguishes between psychoses and neuroses and provides examples of specific delusions, hallucinations, and impulses. Important medicolegal concepts are also outlined, such as distinguishing responsibility during lucid intervals in insanity versus head injury.
History about Malingering, Concept and nosology, Symptom presentation, Interview and observation, Psychological assessment, Diagnostic difficulty and Differential diagnosis.
The document discusses sexual offenses from a medicolegal perspective. It defines various types of sexual offenses according to Sri Lankan law, including rape, incest, unnatural offenses, gross indecency, grave sexual abuse, and sexual harassment. It then describes how victims of sexual offenses may present, with or without a complaint, noting various potential injuries and signs. It emphasizes the importance of obtaining informed consent and providing support when taking a thorough history from victims.
This document defines and classifies hallucinations, which are false sensory perceptions that occur without external stimuli. Hallucinations are categorized by sensory modality (auditory, visual, etc.), complexity, organization, and reality value. Neuroimaging research has found that auditory hallucinations are associated with reduced grey matter in language processing areas of the brain and altered connectivity between these areas and regions involved in control. Current models propose that hallucinations result from overactivity in sensory processing regions combined with weakened top-down control.
The document discusses various types of automatism as a legal defense. It defines automatism as unconscious and involuntary behavior, where the defendant was unaware of their actions. It describes two categories of automatism - sane automatism and insane automatism. Sane automatism refers to unconscious behavior resulting from an external cause like epilepsy, sleepwalking, or head injuries. Insane automatism involves unconscious behavior caused by internal mental disorders like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. The document provides examples of circumstances that could support automatism as a legal defense, such as sleepwalking or bee swarm attacks.
This document discusses criminal responsibility and insanity defenses. It outlines several tests for insanity that have been used, including the M'Naghten Rule, irresistible impulse test, Durham rule, and ALI test. It also discusses how insanity is viewed under Indian law, which follows an adaptation of the M'Naghten Rule. Various conditions like delusions, drunkenness, and sleepwalking are also examined in terms of how they impact criminal responsibility. Emerging trends show greater acceptance of psychiatric understanding and consideration of cognitive and emotional faculties.
Thanatology
Types of transplants
Cause, Mechanism of Death
Manner of death
Anoxia
Signs of Death
Immediate Changes (Somatic Death)
Early Changes (Molecular Death)
Algor Mortis ......
Reference
1) The document discusses hallucinations from a psychiatric perspective, covering their history, definitions, causes, and different types.
2) Hallucinations are defined as false perceptions that feel real to the patient but are not actually based on an external stimulus. They can affect any of the senses.
3) Common causes of hallucinations include psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, substances use, sensory deprivation, neurological disorders, and medical conditions.
This document defines and classifies various sexual offences under Indian law. It discusses natural offences like rape, adultery and incest. It also discusses unnatural offences per section 377 IPC, which criminalizes carnal intercourse against the order of nature. Further, it provides detailed definitions and explanations of rape, including the old and amended legal definitions. It also outlines the process for examining victims and suspects of sexual assault.
Forensic psychiatry deals with issues at the interface of psychiatry and the law. It has benefited from increased knowledge of the relationship between mental illness and criminality, evolutions in forensic legal operations, developments in systems interactions, and deeper understanding of biomedical ethics issues. The Mental Health Act of 1987 governs mental health care in India and introduced more humane terminology and emphasis on human rights compared to the previous 1912 act. However, it also retains some criminal aspects and does not fully reflect current policy or WHO guidelines. Other relevant laws include the Disability Act, Juvenile Justice Act, and those covering marriage, contracts, voting, and wills as they relate to individuals with mental illness.
This document provides an introduction to the field of psychiatry. It begins with definitions of key terms like psychiatry, psychology, psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. It then discusses the history of psychiatry, from early views of mental disorders as supernatural to modern biological perspectives. Famous figures in the field like Sigmund Freud, Anna Freud, Jean Piaget are mentioned. The document outlines concepts in phenomenology like delusions, hallucinations and classification systems like ICD-10 and DSM-5. It describes various sub-specialties within psychiatry such as addiction, biological, child and adolescent psychiatry.
A POWER POINT PRESENTATION BY DR.SANGEETA CHOWDHRY & DR.SUNIL SHARMA, DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE & TOXICOLOGY, GOVT. MEDICAL COLLEGE, JAMMU (JAMMU AND KASHMIR)
Identification involves determining an individual's identity through various means. This includes age, sex, physical characteristics, dental records, fingerprints, DNA, and other markers. Identification may be needed for living persons, deceased individuals, or skeletal remains. Several methods are used to determine factors like race, sex, age, height, and distinguishing features. Identification markers include tattoos, scars, dental records, fingerprints, and DNA analysis. These allow for unique identification of individuals in legal and forensic investigations.
Hii, I have uploaded my class presentation
Death & its causes/ Thanatology is very interesting and important topic in Forensic Medicine, might be useful for other readers also
This document provides information on forensic psychiatry and related topics. It defines forensic psychiatry as the branch of psychiatry dealing with the application of psychiatry in the administration of justice. It also defines and provides classifications and examples of mental illness, disorders, and conditions examined in forensic psychiatry such as delusions, hallucinations, illusions, impulses, and obsessions.
Schneider outlined three features of healthy thinking and five features of formal thought disorder. Delusions are firm, fixed beliefs not based on reality that are not amenable to rational arguments. Delusions can be categorized as bizarre, non-bizarre, mood-congruent, or mood-neutral. Causes include genetic, biological, psychological and environmental factors. Major types include primary delusions involving mood/atmosphere, perception, memory, or ideas of awareness, as well as delusions of grandeur, persecution, or somatic concerns. Delusions can occur in psychiatric illnesses like brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, dementia, mood disorders, Parkinson's disease, and postpartum psychosis.
This document provides an overview of psychological disorders, including their historical and modern perspectives, classifications in the DSM, and descriptions of specific disorders like anxiety disorders, mood disorders, personality disorders, dissociative disorders, and schizophrenia. It discusses the bio-psycho-social model for understanding disorders and covers topics like genetics, environment, and brain abnormalities in relation to schizophrenia.
SYMPTOMATOLOGY IN PSYCHIATRY ILLNESS.pptxHappychifunda
This document provides an overview of symptomatology in psychiatry, describing various disorders of perception, thinking, speech, emotions, motor behavior, memory, attention, orientation, consciousness, judgment, and insight. It details specific disorders such as hallucinations, delusions, formal thought disorders, affective disorders, catatonic symptoms, amnesia, and disorders of attention and orientation. The document categorizes and defines psychiatric symptoms to aid in clinical evaluation and diagnosis of mental illnesses.
This document provides terminology and definitions related to psychotic disorders and symptoms. It discusses the definitions of key terms like psychosis, hallucinations, and delusions. It describes different types of hallucinations such as auditory, visual, olfactory, and somatic. It also covers various types of delusions including persecutory, delusions of grandeur, erotomanic, and hypochondriacal delusions. The document aims to increase awareness of psychotic illnesses and their symptoms to help with assessing and approaching patients with potential psychiatric issues.
The document discusses various psychological disorders including neurosis, psychosis, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. It defines these disorders and provides examples of types within each category. For example, it notes that anxiety disorders involve excessive fear or apprehension, and lists specific types like generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and phobias.
This document discusses various topics related to psychology and abnormal psychology. It defines key terms like psychology, criminal psychology, human behavior, and psychologists. It also outlines different schools of psychology like structuralism and functionalism. The document discusses factors that can contribute to abnormal behavior like biological, environmental, and social factors. It also summarizes different approaches to understanding abnormality like the medical, statistical, legal, and behavioral approaches. Major figures in the history of abnormal psychology are highlighted. The document also discusses concepts like stress, coping mechanisms, defense mechanisms, fear, and personality disorders.
This document provides an overview of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. It discusses Eugene Bleuler's description of schizophrenia symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, and other "accessory symptoms". It also covers Kurt Schneider's description of first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia. The document then defines different psychotic disorders according to DSM-5 and ICD-11 criteria including schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, brief psychotic disorder, and delusional disorder. It discusses symptoms of these disorders such as positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and diagnostic requirements. The causes, prevalence, types, diagnosis, and prognosis of schizophrenia are also summarized.
Terminologies in psychiatry and classification of mental disordersKshirabdhiTanaya4
This document discusses key terminology and classifications used in psychiatry. It defines terms like confusion, clouding of consciousness, stupor, and coma. It also covers concepts like stereotyped positions and movements, negativism, hallucinations, delusions, and more. The document then examines two major classification systems - ICD-10 and DSM-5. It provides an overview of their categories and axes. It concludes with discussing the Indian classification system for psychosis, neurosis, and special disorders.
1. Schizophrenia is a psychotic condition characterized by disturbances in thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior. It is a chronic condition with varied presentations and courses.
2. Key figures in the history and understanding of schizophrenia include Kraepelin who described "dementia praecox" and Bleuler who coined the term "schizophrenia". Diagnosis involves assessment of positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions as well as negative symptoms.
3. Treatment involves antipsychotic medications to manage symptoms as well as psychosocial interventions. Nursing care focuses on safety, reducing symptoms, promoting functioning, and supporting overall health.
1) Edward Theodore Gein was a serial killer and grave robber who lived in Wisconsin in the 1950s. He was suspected of involvement in the disappearance of a store clerk, which led police to search his property.
2) During their search, police made horrific discoveries including the store clerk's decapitated and dressed body, as well as objects made from human skin and bones throughout Gein's home.
3) Gein admitted that he had exhumed recently buried middle-aged women from graveyards who resembled his mother, and took their bodies home to create his possessions out of skin and bones.
Abnormal Psychology and Psychological Disorders can be summarized as follows:
1. Abnormal psychology involves the study of psychological disorders, which are harmful dysfunctions that result in atypical, disturbing, or inappropriate behavior.
2. Psychological disorders are studied and treated by psychologists, psychiatrists, and other mental health professionals using various theoretical perspectives like psychoanalytic, behavioral, cognitive, and biomedical approaches.
3. Major classes of psychological disorders include anxiety disorders, mood disorders, dissociative disorders, somatoform disorders, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. Each involves distressing or disabling symptoms that impair normal functioning.
This document provides an introduction to psychiatry, distinguishing between neurosis and psychosis. Neurosis involves maladaptive psychological symptoms caused by stress rather than organic or psychotic issues, and includes anxiety disorders and depression. Psychosis involves a loss of contact with reality through hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking, and can be seen in conditions like schizophrenia, affective disorders, and organic disorders. It also defines key psychiatric terms like hallucination and delusion and describes how they manifest in different conditions. Diagnosis is based on criteria in references like the ICD-10 or DSM-IV. Treatment ideally uses a bio-psycho-social approach targeting biological, psychological, and social factors.
Schizophrenia (A Psychological perspective)Mèhshara Khan
This document provides an overview of schizophrenia, including its history, definitions, classifications, epidemiology, etiology, psychopathology, clinical features, types, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment options. Some key points:
- Schizophrenia is a chronic psychotic disorder characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior. It affects approximately 1% of the population and has genetic and environmental risk factors.
- It is classified in the DSM-V and ICD-10 and involves positive symptoms like delusions and hallucinations as well as negative symptoms such as blunted affect.
- The disorder involves dysfunctions in thoughts/speech, perception, affect, and motor behavior. It has
This document provides an overview of abnormal psychology and psychological disorders. It discusses early theories that abnormal behavior was caused by evil spirits or demons and treatments like trephining and exorcism. It then outlines modern perspectives on the causes of disorders like psychoanalytic, behavioral, cognitive, and biological models. The document explains the DSM classification system and major categories of disorders like anxiety, mood, dissociative, somatoform, and personality disorders. Specific disorders like depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and eating disorders are defined. The Rosenhan study questioning psychiatric diagnosis is also summarized.
Abnormal psychology involves the study of psychological disorders, which are behaviors judged to be inappropriate, distressing, or dysfunctional. Psychological disorders are studied and treated by psychologists and psychiatrists using various theoretical perspectives including psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and biological approaches. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) provides standardized criteria for classifying and diagnosing mental disorders. Major classes of disorders include anxiety disorders, mood disorders like depression, dissociative disorders, personality disorders, and psychotic disorders like schizophrenia.
Abnormal psychology involves the study of psychological disorders, which are behaviors judged to be inappropriate, distressing, or dysfunctional. Psychological disorders are studied and treated by psychologists and psychiatrists using various theoretical perspectives including psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and biological approaches. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) provides standardized criteria for classifying and diagnosing mental disorders. Major categories of disorders include anxiety disorders, mood disorders like depression, dissociative disorders, personality disorders, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, and substance use disorders.
The document provides information about various mental disorders categorized into anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, impulse disorders, somatoform disorders, and personality disorders. It defines key terms like anxiety, depression, apathy, and stigma. It describes the symptoms and examples of different disorders like panic disorder, phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, depression, schizophrenia, and more. It also discusses available treatment options and resources for mental health disorders.
The document discusses various models of abnormal behavior and provides an overview of several psychological disorders. It describes stress and coping, as well as statistical, medical, and behavioral models of abnormality. Specific anxiety disorders are defined, including generalized anxiety disorder, panic attacks, and phobic disorders. Other disorders examined include obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, affective disorders like bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorders.
This document outlines various psychiatric disorders categorized into 11 sections: perception, thinking, speech, emotions, motor behavior, memory, attention, orientation, consciousness, judgment, and insight. Key disorders discussed include hallucinations, delusions, formal thought disorders, mood disorders like depression, anxiety disorders, and memory disorders. The document provides detailed descriptions and classifications of these disorders.
toxin
medicine
antidotes
medicolegal duties of a RMP
duties of a doctor
management of a case of poisoing
sources of poisons
gastric lavage
ideal homicidal poison
This document discusses legal procedures in India according to the Indian Penal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure. It covers topics such as inquests, courts, cognizable vs non-cognizable offenses, punishments, summons procedures, types of evidence including dying declarations, and procedures for examining witnesses in court. Police inquests and magistrate inquests are described as the main types of inquest conducted in India to investigate sudden, suspicious, or unnatural deaths. The roles of various courts like the Supreme Court, High Courts, and magistrate courts are also summarized.
This document discusses different types of asphyxial deaths including hanging, strangulation, suffocation, and choking. It provides classifications and descriptions of each type along with relevant post-mortem findings. Hanging is classified based on degree of suspension and knot position. Strangulation can involve ligatures or manual strangulation. Suffocation includes smothering, traumatic asphyxia, gagging, and choking. Autoerotic asphyxia and cafe coronary situations are also outlined. The document aims to educate on distinguishing features between hanging and strangulation as well as causes and indicators of various asphyxial deaths.
CLASSIFICATION OF SEXUAL OFFENCES
DEFINITION OF RAPE- Sec 375 IPC
Punishment of Rape - Section 376 IPC
STATUTORY RAPE
CUSTODIAL RAPE
DATE RAPE
COMPLICATIONS OF RAPE
Rape trauma syndrome
CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF THE VICTIM & ACCUSED IN CASES OF SEXUAL ASSAULT EVIDENTIAL MATERIAL COLLECTION IN CASES OF SEXUAL ASSAULT TYPES & MEDICO LEGAL ASPECTS OF UNNATURAL SEXUAL OFFENCES TYPES & MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS OF SEXUAL PERVERSIONS
Supreme court verdict on 6th Sept 2018
Sex-linked offences -Indecent assault
This document discusses infanticide and the medical legal investigation of infant deaths. It begins by defining infanticide, neonaticide, stillbirths, and live births. It then discusses motives for infanticide and objectives of fetal autopsies. Signs of live birth that can be examined during autopsy are outlined, including skin and organ changes as well as the presence of meconium or extraneous material in the lungs. Causes of infant death like natural causes, accidents, and criminal acts are described. Finally, the document discusses relevant Indian penal code sections around infanticide and concealing birth.
This document discusses signs of virginity, pregnancy, and delivery. It describes genital and extragenital signs of virginity like an intact hymen. It outlines presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy like amenorrhea and a positive pregnancy test. Signs of recent and remote delivery are also provided, such as lochia discharge and breast changes. Legal implications of examining virginity, pregnancy, and delivery are mentioned.
This document discusses abortion from medical, legal, and forensic perspectives. It defines natural/spontaneous, induced/artificial, justifiable/legal, and illegal/criminal abortions. It outlines the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 and its provisions regarding gestation periods, qualifications of registered medical practitioners, and methods of abortion. It also discusses criminal abortion, methods used, complications, applicable sections of the Indian Penal Code, and medical evidence in cases of living and dead victims.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
1. Dr Arun Pinchu Xavier
Assistant Professor
Dept: of Forensic Medicine
Sree Mookambika Institute Of Medical Sciences
FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY
2. I'm Depressed Sad Confused Hurt Lonely
Unloved Judged Misunderstood Insignificant
Broken disliked Dying lost …hmm,
Fine Dear.
3. Deals with the application of Psychiatry in the
administration of justice.
Insanity
(Lunacy, unsoundness of mind, mental derangement,
mental illness)
It is a disorder of mind or personality in which
there is derangement or impairment of mental or
emotional components.
4. Unsoundness of mind:
Here an individual loses the power of regulating his actions
and conduct according to the rules of the society to which he
belongs.
Forensic Importance:
In Criminal Cases:
• When defense is attempted on the grounds that a criminal
act has been committed by a person in a state of mental
unsoundness
• Inability to plead defense during trial on grounds of insanity
• To defer the execution of punishment till the convict is
mentally sound
• When a women of unsound mind is been raped
5. Unsoundness of mind…
In Civil cases:
• Testamentary capacity to make a valid will
• Nullity of marriage / divorce cases
• Validity to act as witness
• Appointment of a caretaker of a
mentally unsound person
who is unable to look
after his property.
6. Mind in Psychology
Feldman (1998) talked of the following 3 kinds of mental
processes
1.Cognitive Mental process: - Knowledge.All mental
processes which provide us knowledge of stimuli, situation
and ideas come under this
2.Affective mental processes:- Feeling and emotion. We also
the experience of pleasure and pain and of emotions like love
anger hatred jealousy hatred displeasure
3.Conative Mental processes: Action tendencies. Mental
forces which impel the individual to perform certain actions
9. Delusion
It is a disturbance of thought.
It is a false belief in something which is not a fact and persists
even after its falsity has been clearly demonstrated.
•
Types:
Delusion of GRANDEUR :- The patient imagine that he is
rich when he is actually poor.
•
Delusion of POVERTY :- Imagine he is poor, when he is
wealthy.
10. • Delusion of PERSECUTION :-
Imagine that other people are out to harm him.
• Delusion of REFERENCE :-
Imagines that people or events refer to him in special way.
•
Delusion of INFLUENCE (control) :-
Imagines that his thoughts and actions are controlled by some
external agency.
• Delusion of INFIDELITY :-
Imagines that spouse is unfaithful.
Delusion of SELF-ACCUSATION :-
• Keep blaming himself for trivial incidents that happened in the
past.
11. • Nihilistic delusion :- The patient is convinced that nothing
exists around him in the real sense of the term.
•
Erotomania :-
Usually in women. The patient is convinced that a
particular individual is in love with her.
•
Pseudologia Phantastica :-
In which the patient is convinced that he is seriously ill
and goes from doctor to doctor, hospital to hospital
in a vain attempt to diagnose his
non-existent
illness
12. Forensic Importance:
• Individuals with persecutory delusions may carry out
violent acts . Culpability may be determined to find out was
it because he was threatened and reacted in self defense or
he had equally deluded and carefully plotted revenge
• Erotomaniac delusion may lead to stalking
14. It is a FALSE SENSORY PERCEPTION without any real,
external stimulus.
Types:
•
AUDITORY :- The patient hears imaginary voices.
•
VISUAL :- The patient sees non – existent shapes
or people or animals.
•
OLFACTORY :- Perceiving non-existing odours.
•
GUSTATORY :- Perceiving a bad taste in the mouth.
•
15. • TACTILE (Haptic):- This may take the from of imaginary
sensations over the skin.
• Command hallucinations: Instructions spoken to patients,
some patients feel compelled to obey these commands
Forensic Importance:
• Command hallucination are dangerous as they may
command acts of violence to self or others
17. • It is a misinterpretation of a real external stimuli and are
often visual or auditory.
• They may be experienced by healthy persons in the dark or
during states of emotional stress
• An insane person is incapable of correcting the false
impression
E.g. :-
• Perceiving a rope as a snake
• Covering blanket misinterpreted to be a weight of a
collapsed building
20. A Phobia is an irrational intense persistent fear of certain
situations activities things or persons.
Types:
• Acrophobia- Fear of heights
• Agoraphobia- Fear of open spaces
• Claustrophobia – Fear of enclosed spaces
• Hydrophobia- Fear of water
• Nyctophobia- Fear of night
22. OBSESSION
•
In this a single idea thought or emotion is constantly
entertained by the person which he recognizes as irrational,
but persists inspite of all efforts to drive if from his mind.
• Any attempt to resist makes them more strongly insistent,
usually associated with dread or fear.
• Such person lives in constant of having done or having
omitted to do something
Eg :-
• Washing hands again and again
• Checking the lock repeatedly
• Counting money again and again before going to shopping
25. There is a sudden and irresistible force compelling a person to
the conscious performance of an action without motive or fore
thought.
• Types:
Kleptomania :- Irresistible desire to steal articles of
little or no value.
•
Pyromania :- Irresistible desire to set fire to
objects.
•
Multilomania :- Irresistible desire to hurt or torture
animals.
•
Dipsomania :- In ability to stay off alcohol.
26. Somnambulism / Noctambulism
Walking during sleep.
They get up from bed, open the door, walk out and then
return to their bed to sleep, having no memory of these
activities when they wake up.
A somnambulist, when resisted may commit acts which he
is not aware
He is not in sleep but in a state of Dissociated
Consciousness in a hallucinatory state unrelated to his
immediate environment.
27. Somnambulism….
A crime committed in this state is never willful and
premeditated and lacks criminal intent, hence such persons
cannot be held responsible.
When a somnambulist knows that he has a tendency for
somnambulistic homicide but fails to take treatment and
subsequently commits somnambulistic homicide ,he is likely
to pay damages for negligence
28. Classification of Psychiatric disorders
ICD -10 –It’s the 10th revision of the International statistical
classification of Diseases and related Health Problems.
Mental disorders are classified in Chapter F of ICD which is
categorized into 10 Blocks.
29. F00-F09 Organic, including symptomatic,
mental disorders
1) Delirium
2) Dementia
3) Organic amnestic Syndrome
4) Other Organic Mental Disorders
30. F10--F19 Mental and behaviour disorders due
to psychoactive substance use
E.g. :- Alcohol, Cannabis, opioids, Amphetamines,
Cocaine, LSD, Phencyclidine etc.
F20-F29 Schizophrenia, schizotypal and
delusional disorders
Disturbance of thoughts, perception, affect and
behavior.
34. • F60-F69 Disorders of adult personality and
behaviour
1) Personality disorders
2) Impulse control disorders
3) Gender identity disorders
4) Disorders of sexual preference
35. • F70-F79 – Mental Retardation (MR)
Sub average general intellectual functioning that originates in
the developmental period and is associated with impaired
maturation and learning ,and social maladjustments.
Normal adult I.Q is 90-110%
1) Mild MR
2) Moderate MR
3) Severe MR
4) Profound MR
36. Degree of
MR
IQ Mental
age
Adult life and needs
Mild MR -
MORONS 50-70 6-11 years
Can achieve social and
vocational skill enough for
minimum self support
Moderate MR
IMBECILES
35-49 3-6 Years
May perform unskilled
semiskilled work, needs
supervision
Severe MR
IDIOCY
20-34 3 Years
Cannot speak intelligibly,
needs nursing care
Profound MR
IDIOTS
< 20 <3 years
No / Minimum capacity for
sensory motor functioning,
needs constant nursing care
37. • F80-F89– Disorders of Psychological
Development
Speech and language disorder
Development disorders
38. •
F90-F98 Behavioral and emotional disorders
with onset usually occurring in childhood and
adolescence
1) Hyperkinetic disorder
2) Conduct disorders
3) Tic disorders
• F99 - Unspecified mental disorder
40. Civil Responsibility
Marriage
If it is proved that at the time of marriage one of the
spouses was insane, then such marriage is declared as null and
invalid.
Business Contract
As per the Indian Contract Act of 1872, if it is proved that
at the time of signing a contract one of the two parties was
insane, then the contract become legally invalid.
41. Management of Property
If a person who owns property becomes insane and is incapable
of managing his affairs with sound judgement any relative or
friend can approach the court for a judicial inquisition.
Capacity To Dispose As Witness
An insane person is not competent to give evidence if he is
incapable of understanding the questions put to him, or giving
rational answers to them
42. Testamentary capacity
Refers to the capacity of a person to make a valid will.
• Capacity of the testator to make a will is based on Medical
evidence
• The medical officer should verify whether the testator,
knows the nature and consequence of his act ,if he knows
the extend of the property ,the person to whom he is not
leaving it and his reason for doing so..
• Testator must sign the will in presence of 2 witness, one of
whom can be a RMP.
• A mentally ill person can make a valid will during Lucid
Interval
43. Requirement of a Valid will :
• A written properly signed witnessed document
• Testator must be a major and of sound mind at the time of
making will.
• Force , undue influence or dishonest representation of facts
should not have been applied by other.
• Should have a sound disposing mind – capable of disposing
his property with understanding and reason..!
46. Lucid interval in Psychiatry...
Period occurring in insanity, during which all symptoms of
insanity disappears completely
• Here, the persons mind remains clear, and capable of
judging things properly and hence legally liable for his
actions
• It varies from person to person and as such one cannot be
certain about the time when a person passes again in the
state of insanity
• Common in mania , melancholia
MLI-
An insane person may take a plea
50. A person may pretend to be insane
or presented to be insane with
some motive.
REASONS..?
To avoid punishment trial
To leave defense Police services
To avoid civil responsibilities
51. Feature True insanity Feigned insanity
Onset Gradual Abrupt & dramatic
Motive Absent Present
Precipitating
factors Maybe present Absent
Symptomatology
Conforms to a
particular type
psychiatric
disorder.
Usually doesn’t
confirm to any of known
type of psychiatric
disorder and
is often exaggerated
52. Feature True insanity Feigned insanity
Facial,
expression
Usually listless, vacant
& fixed
Frequent changes
exaggerated
Insomnia
Often present Can’t withstand
lack of sleep for
more than a night
or two.
Exertion Can withstand
fatigue & hunger
for prolonged
periods.
Cant withstand for more
than a day or two
53. Feature True insanity Feigned insanity
Personal
hygiene
Doesn’t pay attention to
his personal hygiene
May only pretend to be
disinterested in his
personal appearance or
hygiene
Frequent
psychiatric
examinations
Does not
mind
Resists , since
he fears detention.
examinations
54. Rules regarding insanity in other
countries
Test for determining criminal responsibilities
•McNaughton Rules
(the right or wrong test)
•Durham’s Rule
•Curren’s Rule
•American law Institute Test
55. Historical aspects – McNaughton Rules
• Guideline followed by British courts for consideration of
liability of a mentally ill person who commits a crime
‘Mc Naughton Rules’- these are based on the answers
given by the judges who acquitted a paranoid schizophrenic
patient Daniel McNaughten on charges of killing the British
PM ,to the questions raised by the House of the Lords .
He was suffering from :
➢ Paranoid schizophrernia
➢ Auditory hallucinations
➢ Persecutory delusions
57. 10 Physicians found him not guilty of Mental
Illness
Verdict created - Public outcry ..!
Summoned to House of lords
Lord Chancellor ,Panel of 14 judges
5 questions to clarify the legal position
Answers given on 19th June 1843 – Mc Naughten
Rules
58. Mc Naughten
• Mc Naughten rules – According to these rules, to establish
defense on the ground of insanity it must be clearly proved
that at the time of committing the act, the accused was
laboring under such defect of reason from disease of mind,
as not to know the nature and quality of the act he was
doing, or if he did know it, that he did not know what he
was doing was wrong.
59. Mc Naughten …in brief
• An accused is not criminally responsible if it is proved that
at the time of commiting the crime he was suffering from
such defect of reason from disease of mind, that he did not
know the nature and quality of the act he was doing or that
what he was doing was wrong .
• This legal test has been accepted in INDIA as the law of
criminal responsibility ..under S.84 IPC
60. American law Institute Test
• A person is not responsible for his criminal
conduct if, at the time of such criminal conduct as
a result of mental disease or mental defect ,he
lacked substantial capacity to appreciate the
criminality of his conduct or to conform his
conduct to the requirements of law
61. Criminal responsibility
A person may plead mental illness to avoid :
• Conviction
• Trial
• Capital punishment
• The law presumes that every person is sane and responsible
for his actions. The defense has to prove the accused is
mentally ill.
• Every criminal act should have Mens Rea & Actus Reus
62. • Resp : Liability of a person for his acts or omissions
• Section 84 (Indian Penal Code)
“ Nothing is an offence which is done by a person, who,
at the time of doing it, by reason of unsoundness of mind, is
incapable of knowing the nature of the act, or that he is
doing what is either wrong or contrary to law ”
• According to this law, the act done by a insane person is not
a crime even if it is punishable by law !
64. MENTAL HEALTHCARE ACT,2017
• The Mental Healthcare Act came into force from 7th July
2018
• It superseded the Mental Health Act of 1987.
Aims:
• To provide mental healthcare services ,protect ,promote and
fulfill their rights
• Mental illness should be determined in accordance with
nationally and internationally accepted standards
• It ensures that these persons have a right to live life with
dignity by not being discriminated against or harassed
65. Admission of person with Mental illness as
independent Patient (Sec 85)
1.“independent patient or an independent admission” refers to
the admission of person with mental illness, who has the
capacity to make mental healthcare and treatment decisions or
requires minimal support in making decisions.
2.All admissions in the mental health establishment shall, as
far as possible, be independent admissions except when such
conditions exist as make supported admission
67. Sec 86
1.A person who is not a minor has capacity to make decision
regarding his mental healthcare treatment and requires no /
minimal support in making such decisions ,when he considers
himself to have mental illness.
2.On receipt of such request, the medical officer in charge
shall admit the person, if he is satisfied with the following :
✓ Person has a mental illness of a severity requiring
admission
✓Person is likely to benefit from admission and treatment
✓He gives a valid consent after understanding the nature and
purpose of admission
68. 3. If a person is unable to understand the purpose, nature,
likely effects of proposed treatment and of the probable
result of not accepting the treatment or requires a very high
level of support in making decisions, he or she shall be
deemed unable to understand the purpose of the admission
and therefore shall not be admitted as independent patient
under this section.
4. A person admitted as an independent patient shall be
bound to abide by order and instructions.
5. An independent patient shall not be given treatment
without his informed consent.
69. 6. The mental health establishment shall admit an
independent patient on his own request, and shall not
require the consent or presence of a nominated
representative or a relative or care-giver for admitting the
person to the mental health establishment
7. Under the provision of Section 88,an independent patient
may get himself discharged from the mental health
establishment without the consent of the medical officer
71. Discharge -Sec 88
The medical officer in charge of a mental health establishment
shall discharge such patient immediately
But a medical officer may prevent the discharge and hold him
back for 24 hours for assessment if he is of the opinion:
(a) Person is unable to understand the nature of his decisions
(b) has recently threatened or attempted to cause bodily harm
to himself
(c) has recently behaved or is behaving violently towards
another person
(d) Shows inability to take care for himself
72. Admission of a Supported Patient upon
Application by caregivers (Sec 89)
73. Sec 89
Shall admit every such person to the establishment, upon
application by the nominated representative of the person,
if:
1.On the day of the persons admission or during the preceding
7days,he has been independently examined by a psychiatrist
and a mental health professional or a medical practitioner, who
has independently concluded, on the basis of examination
and information provided by others, that the person has a
mental illness of such severity that:
•Person is threatening or attempting to cause bodily harm
•Behaving violently to others
•Shows inability to take care of himself
74. 2. On the advance directive, the persons admission to
mental health establishment is the least restrictive care
option possible in the circumstances
3. The person is ineligible to receive care and treatment
as an independent patient because he is not able to take
decisions independently and needs greater amount of
support from his nominated representative in making
decisions
75. Duties of Police officers with respect to
person with mental illness (Sec 100)
76. Sec 100
1.Every officer in-charge of a police station is duty bound to
take under protection any person found wandering at large
within the limits of the police station whom the officer has
reason to believe has mental illness and is incapable of taking
care of himself or others
2.The police officer should inform the person who is taken
into protection of the reasons for such measures
3.Such persons should be taken to the nearest public health
establishment with 24 hours of being taken into protection
77. Sec 100…
4. If the medical officer finds, the person does not have any
mental illness requiring admission, the same has to be
informed and the person ,and should be taken to his
residence or to a government establishment for homeless
person
5. The station house officer shall have a duty to trace the
family of such a person and inform the family about the
whereabouts of the person
78. Duties of Police officers In-Charge of a Police
Station with respect to Persons with Mental
illness (Sec 101)
79. Sec 101
1.Any police officer in charge of a Police station , who has
reason to believe that any person residing within the limits of
the police station has a mental illness and is being illtreated or
neglected, shall report the fact to the respective Magistrate
2.Any person who has reason to believe that a person has
mental illness and is being ill-treated or neglected by his care
givers, shall report the fact to the police officer in-charge of
the police station within whose jurisdiction the person with
mental illness resides.
80. Sec 101…
3. If the Magistrate on the basis of the report of a police
officer or otherwise, that any person with mental illness
within the local limits of his jurisdiction is being ill-treated
or neglected, the Magistrate may cause the person with
mental illness to be produced before him
81. Admitting person with mental illness to
mental health establishment by
magistrate (Sec 102)
82. Sec 102
When any person with mental illness appears or is brought
before a Magistrate, the Magistrate may, order a referral and
authorize the patients admission to a public mental health
establishment for assessment and treatment for a period not
extending 10 days
That medical officer should submit the report of the
assessment of such person to the magistrate
84. Sec 103
The Prisoners Act, the Air Force Act, the Army Act, the Navy
Act and section 330 and section 335 of the Code of Criminal
Procedure, direct the admission of a prisoner with mental
illness for the care and treatment to the psychiatric ward of
medical wing of the prison. If in cases there is no psychiatric
ward in medical wing, he can then be transferred to mental
health establishment with prior permission from the Board
86. Sec 97
1.A person with mental illness shall not be subjected to
seclusion or solitary confinement, and, where necessary,
physical restraint may only be used prevent imminent and
immediate harm to person concerned or when it is authorized
by the psychiatrist in charge of the person’s treatment at the
mental health establishment.
2.Physical restraint shall not be used for a period longer than it
is absolutely necessary to prevent the immediate risk .
87. 3. The medical officer or mental health professional in
charge of the mental health establishment should ensure
that the method, nature of restraint, justification for its
imposition and the duration of the restraint are
immediately recorded in the person’s medical notes
4. The nominated representative of the person with mental
illness should be informed about the use of restraint within
a period of 24 hours.
5. A person who is placed under restraint shall be kept in a
place where he can cause no harm to himself or others
6. All instances of use of restraint should be reported to
concerned Board on a monthly basis.
89. Sec 95
The following procedures are prohibited on any person
with mental illness:
1.Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)without the use of
muscle relaxants and anesthesia.
2.ECT on minors
3.Sterilisation of men and women affected by mental
illness, that is intended as treatment for mental illness
4.chained in any manner or form
91. Sec 115
A person who attempts to commit suicide shall be presumed
to be under severe stress and shall not be tried and punished
under Section 309 IPC
It is the duty of the government to provide care, treatment and
rehabilitation to such a person
92. MAY THE GRACIOUS GOD
BLESS US ALL ALWAYS
WISHING YOU ALL SUCCESS
FOR YOUR UPCOMING
EXAMS
Your valuable suggestions are
entertained -
drpinchu89@gmail.com