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1. Goals of Nursing and Related Concepts
By
Hussain
RN, BScN, Specialized in Psychiatry
10/15/2023 1
Hussain (RN, BScN)

2. Objective
At the end of session the student will be able to:
Define basic human need.
Discuss conceptual basis of nursing practice.
Verbalize world health organization definition of health.
Understand the goal of nursing process.
Know the steps of nursing process.
Discuss the historical perspective of nursing process.
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Hussain (RN, BScN)

3. Basic Human Need
The elements required for survival and normal mental and
physical health, such as food, water, shelter, protection
from environmental threats.
(Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. © 2009, Elsevier)
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Hussain (RN, BScN)

4. Types of Basic Needs
Physiological needs
Social needs
Esteem needs
Security needs
Spiritual needs
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Hussain (RN, BScN)

5. Characteristics of Basic Needs
Approximately same basic needs
The importance of each need for each person is different
All the basic needs are interconnected and interactive
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Hussain (RN, BScN)

6. The Theory Related to Basic Needs
Maslow’s hierarchy theory of Basic needs for Human Being
Basic content are
 Physiological needs
 Safety needs
 Love and belongingness needs
 Self-esteem needs
 Needs for self-actualization
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Hussain (RN, BScN)

7. Significance to Nursing
To identify client’s unmet needs
To realize and understand client’s words and behaviors
To predict client’s unspoken needs
To collect client’s data comprehensively
To put client’s nursing problems in adequate order
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Hussain (RN, BScN)

8. Conceptual Basis of Nursing Practice
Four basic concepts that affect and determine the nursing
practice.
Human being
Environment
Health
Nursing
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9. Human Being
The human being is a uniform whole
Basic needs of human being
Growth and development of human being
Self-concept of human being
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Hussain (RN, BScN)

10. The Human Being is a Uniform Whole
Concept of a whole
The uniform whole of human being
(Physiological, Psychological, Social, Spiritual, Cultural)
The scope of human being in nursing
(Individual, Family, Community, Society)
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11. Growth and Development of Human
Being
Definition of growth and development
Content of growth and development
Basic principles of growth and development
Factors that affect growth and development
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Hussain (RN, BScN)

12. Self-Concept of Human Being
Definition of self-concept
Generation of self-concept
Components of self-concept
Importance of self-concept
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Hussain (RN, BScN)

13. Environment
Definition of environment
Classification of environment
Relationship among environment, human being
and health
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Hussain (RN, BScN)

14. Definition of Environment
Roy’s definition of environment
The summation of all factors that surround and affect the
behaviors and development of individual or collectivity.
Henderson’s definition of environment
A general name of all external factors that affect the life
and development of organism.
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15. Classification of Environment
Internal environment
External environment
 Natural environment
 Humanistic-social environment
 Therapeutic environment
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16. Relationship among Environment,
Human Being and Health
Human being and its environment are interdependent and
interacted
Human being’s health is closely linked with the
environment
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Hussain (RN, BScN)

17. Health
Concept of health
Concept of disease
The relationship between health and illness
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Hussain (RN, BScN)

18. Concept of Health
Definition of health
a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being,
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” (WHO)
Factors that affect health
 Biological factors
 Environmental factors
 Life style
 Psychological factors
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Hussain (RN, BScN)

19. Concept of Disease
Definition of disease
 Ancient view of disease
 Modern view of disease
Effect of disease
 The effect on individual
 The effect on family
 The effect on society
Measures of preventing disease
 Primary, Secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Hussain (RN, BScN)

20. Nursing
Concept of nursing
Evolvement process of the concept of nursing
The relationship between nursing and health
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Hussain (RN, BScN)

21. Nursing Process
It is a systematic, rational method of planning and providing
individualized nursing care.
Includes assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning,
implementation, and evaluation.
It is accepted for clinical practice established by the
American Nurses Association
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Hussain (RN, BScN)

22. Goal of Nursing Process
To identify a client’s health status, actual or potential
health care problems or needs, to establish plans to meet
the identified needs, and to deliver specific nursing
interventions to meet those needs.
It helps nurses in arriving at decisions and in predicting
and evaluating consequences.
It was developed as a specific method for applying a
scientific approach or a problem solving approach to
nursing practice.
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Hussain (RN, BScN)

23. Historical Perspective of Nursing
Process
In 1955, Hall originated the term (care, cure, core), 3 steps:
note observation, ministration, validation
Orlando (1961), identified 3 steps: client’s behavior,
nurse’s reaction, nurse’s action. “Nursing process set into
motion by client’s behavior”.
Weidenbach (1963) were among the first to use it to refer
to a series of phases describing the process.
Wiche (1967) “Nursing is define as an interactive process
between client and nurse”. 4 steps: Perception,
Communication, Interpretation, Evaluation.
Knowles (1967) described nursing process as: discover,
delve, decide, do, discriminate.
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Hussain (RN, BScN)

24. American Nurses Association
Published standards of nursing practice. Diagnosis
distinguished as separate step of nursing process (1973).
Published Standard of Clinical Nursing Practice.
Outcome identification differentiated as a distinct step of
the nursing process. Therefore, the six steps of the
nursing process are as follows: A.D.OI.P.I.E. (1991).
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25. Thanks
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