In my 3rd year in college, I was assigned to discuss in the class one of William Shakespeare's plays and I chose Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. It was in our English&American Literature class with Mr. D.A. Aragon. :)
The 1st part of the presentation is, of course, a short introduction of the playwright. (this is a super-duper late upload. haha)
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was an English playwright and poet of the Renaissance era. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and it is believed he studied at the local grammar school where he gained knowledge of literature, history, and mythology. Between 1590-1612, Shakespeare's career is typically divided into three periods - an optimistic period where he wrote comedies, a tragic period focused on tragedies, and a romantic period with poetic tales. Shakespeare wrote plays and poems that were performed at the Globe Theater in London, where he was also a shareholder. In his later years, Shakespeare retired to Stratford-upon-Avon where he died in 1616. His works have
The document provides a biography of William Shakespeare, describing his life, works, and impact. It details that he was an English playwright and poet from Stratford-upon-Avon considered the greatest writer in the English language. The biography also summarizes some of his most famous plays such as Macbeth, Julius Caesar, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet and discusses his lasting influence on literature, theater, and film.
The document provides an overview of William Shakespeare's life and works. It discusses key events in Shakespeare's life from 1558-1616 and important historical events during his time. It then summarizes Shakespeare's rise to fame as a playwright and actor in London theaters. Finally, it categorizes and describes the characteristics of Shakespeare's plays, including histories, tragedies, comedies, problem comedies/dark comedies, and romances.
Queen Elizabeth I ruled England during Shakespeare's lifetime. Shakespeare wrote plays in London for the theater, which was a new business that attracted ambitious young men. His plays were initially paid little, but he found success and became a shareholder in a theater company. A Midsummer Night's Dream, written in the 1590s, combines the storylines of Athenian lovers, actors rehearsing in the woods, and fairy magic. The play examines themes of reality versus illusion, love, and order versus confusion through its contrasting worlds.
The Renaissance period saw a revival of learning in Europe following the Middle Ages. Greek scholars fled Constantinople after its fall and spread Greek manuscripts, enlightening Western minds. This led to new discoveries and a focus on humanity. In England, the Renaissance spirit was strongest during the Elizabethan period. Writers like Shakespeare produced great works of drama and poetry focusing on human qualities and individuality. This was inspired by humanism and the rediscovery of classical works. The Renaissance marked a transition between the medieval worldview and modern thought.
In my 3rd year in college, I was assigned to discuss in the class one of William Shakespeare's plays and I chose Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. It was in our English&American Literature class with Mr. D.A. Aragon. :)
The 1st part of the presentation is, of course, a short introduction of the playwright. (this is a super-duper late upload. haha)
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was an English playwright and poet of the Renaissance era. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and it is believed he studied at the local grammar school where he gained knowledge of literature, history, and mythology. Between 1590-1612, Shakespeare's career is typically divided into three periods - an optimistic period where he wrote comedies, a tragic period focused on tragedies, and a romantic period with poetic tales. Shakespeare wrote plays and poems that were performed at the Globe Theater in London, where he was also a shareholder. In his later years, Shakespeare retired to Stratford-upon-Avon where he died in 1616. His works have
The document provides a biography of William Shakespeare, describing his life, works, and impact. It details that he was an English playwright and poet from Stratford-upon-Avon considered the greatest writer in the English language. The biography also summarizes some of his most famous plays such as Macbeth, Julius Caesar, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet and discusses his lasting influence on literature, theater, and film.
The document provides an overview of William Shakespeare's life and works. It discusses key events in Shakespeare's life from 1558-1616 and important historical events during his time. It then summarizes Shakespeare's rise to fame as a playwright and actor in London theaters. Finally, it categorizes and describes the characteristics of Shakespeare's plays, including histories, tragedies, comedies, problem comedies/dark comedies, and romances.
Queen Elizabeth I ruled England during Shakespeare's lifetime. Shakespeare wrote plays in London for the theater, which was a new business that attracted ambitious young men. His plays were initially paid little, but he found success and became a shareholder in a theater company. A Midsummer Night's Dream, written in the 1590s, combines the storylines of Athenian lovers, actors rehearsing in the woods, and fairy magic. The play examines themes of reality versus illusion, love, and order versus confusion through its contrasting worlds.
The Renaissance period saw a revival of learning in Europe following the Middle Ages. Greek scholars fled Constantinople after its fall and spread Greek manuscripts, enlightening Western minds. This led to new discoveries and a focus on humanity. In England, the Renaissance spirit was strongest during the Elizabethan period. Writers like Shakespeare produced great works of drama and poetry focusing on human qualities and individuality. This was inspired by humanism and the rediscovery of classical works. The Renaissance marked a transition between the medieval worldview and modern thought.
Prince Hamlet exacts revenge on his uncle Claudius for murdering Hamlet's father, the King of Denmark, and marrying Hamlet's mother. The play explores themes of treachery, revenge, incest, and moral corruption as Hamlet deals with overwhelming grief and rage. Scholars have debated Hamlet's hesitation to kill Claudius and whether it stems from philosophical issues with murder or unconscious desires. Hamlet remains one of Shakespeare's most popular and influential tragedies.
The document provides a history of drama from ancient to 18th century forms. It begins with ancient Greek drama, noting the origins in Athens and innovations of Aeschylus and Sophocles who established tragedy as a unique art form. Medieval drama developed liturgical plays performed in churches. English restoration drama reopened theaters in 1660, focusing on comedy of manners influenced by Moliere. The 18th century saw domestic dramas and satires by writers like Fielding and Gay until censorship laws were imposed in 1737.
William Shakespeare an English Writer 1564 - 1616Ali Soomro
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was the greatest dramatist of the Elizabethan era. As little is known about his life as a country boy from Stratford-upon-Avon who came to London, his dramatic achievements are remarkable given his lack of formal education. Endowed with extraordinary imagination and creativity, Shakespeare was able to breathe new life into old stories and infuse them with profound thoughts and emotions. His dramatic output from 1588 to 1612 spans 37 plays and includes comedies, histories, and tragedies, which are often divided into four periods based on genre and tone.
Othello Powerpoint presentation English 102 jesmintz
The document provides background information on William Shakespeare and Elizabethan England. It discusses Shakespeare's plays being performed at the Globe Theatre in London. Shakespeare was a shareholder in the theatre and many of his greatest plays premiered there. The Globe could accommodate an audience of around 3,000 people and had an intimate stage projecting into the yard. The document also provides biographical details about Shakespeare, noting he was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and wrote around 37 plays between 1591-1611 as well as 154 sonnets.
William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright born in 1564 who wrote 38 plays including famous works like Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. He married Anne Hathaway and had three children. Shakespeare lived during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I and was influenced by writers of the English Renaissance, focusing on creating complex human characters in his plays that explored social hierarchies and drew from Greek and Roman classics. His works had a significant influence on literature and expanded the English language.
William Shakespeare is cllaed the Bard of Avan.
Shakespeare's influence is summarized nicely by Thomas Carlyle.
This King Shakespeare does he not shine, in crowned sovereignty, over us all, as the noblest, gentlest, yet strongest of rallying-signs; indestructible; really more valuable in that point of view than any other means or appliance whatsoever? We can fancy him as radiant aloft over all Nations of Englishmen, thousand years hence. From Paramatta, from New York, wheresoever, under what sort of Parish-Constable soever, English men and women are, they will say to one another, 'Yes, this Shakespeare is ours; we produced him, we speak and think by him; we are of one blood and kind with him. (Thomas Carlyle, The Hero as Poet, 1841).
English theater has a long history dating back to ancient Greek and Roman eras. Notable developments include William Shakespeare becoming one of the most influential playwrights in the English language in the 16th century. The theater genre was used to reflect society and culture through different periods. Key periods in the evolution of English theater include the Elizabethan era featuring playwrights like Christopher Marlowe, the Restoration period in the late 17th century bringing back moral comedies and heroic plays, and modern developments with playwrights like Harold Pinter, Tom Stoppard, and Caryl Churchill.
Oliver Goldsmith's play She Stoops to Conquer broke new ground in the 18th century by establishing a new subgenre of comedy called "laughing comedy." Prior forms of comedy focused more on sentimentality, but Goldsmith argued this was a "bastard form of tragedy" and that true comedy should provoke laughter by presenting humorous examinations of human folly. The play achieved this through characters like Tony Lumpkin, whose songs in the play encouraged finding humor in supposedly low or vulgar behaviors. She Stoops to Conquer influenced modern comedy by prioritizing laughter over sentimentality.
William Shakespeare and The Globe TheathreMsLopez22
The document provides information about different types of plays including comedies, farces, satires, tragedies, and historical plays. It then discusses William Shakespeare, noting that he was one of the most famous English playwrights and authored Romeo and Juliet among other famous plays. The summary concludes with details about the two feuding families in Romeo and Juliet, the Montagues and Capulets.
William Shakespeare drew on previous literary traditions when writing his famous tragedy Hamlet. The plot is similar to an earlier 1589 tragedy named "Hamlet" performed in London, and can also be traced back to a story from an Icelandic chronicle from the 12th century. The first performance of Shakespeare's Hamlet was in 1601 at the Globe Theater in London, a tumultuous time when the queen's favorite was executed for treason. Shakespeare's Hamlet is considered one of his greatest works, using unique stylistic techniques like blank verse and metaphor to explore philosophical themes of decay, fate, and the contrast between reality and appearance. The tragedy begins in Elsinore castle in Denmark and features Hamlet, a complex
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was an English playwright, poet, and actor considered one of the greatest writers in the English language. He wrote 38 plays and 154 sonnets that are still performed widely today. His plays include comedies, tragedies, and histories that provide insight into human nature, language, and England during the Tudor era. Shakespeare established himself as a playwright and shareholder in the Lord Chamberlain's Men theater company, helping build the Globe Theatre in London where many of his plays were first performed.
Western drama originated in ancient Greece with tragedies, comedies, and satyr plays performed as part of religious festivals honoring Dionysus. The two masks of drama represent comedy and tragedy, which were associated with the Muses Thalia and Melpomene. Drama was later considered a genre of poetry. Rituals differed from plays in their use of suspense and audience identification with characters. Significant Greek dramatists included Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes, and Menander. Drama continued developing through Roman, Medieval, Renaissance, 18th century, 19th century, and modern eras with influences from various movements such as Romanticism, Realism, Symbolism
The document provides a history of the development of drama from ancient Greek origins to modern forms. It traces how drama began as part of religious festivals honoring Dionysus in ancient Greece, involving tragedies, comedies, and satyr plays performed in theaters. Key figures who advanced early drama include Thespis, Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Drama continued evolving through Roman, Medieval, Renaissance, 18th century, 19th century, and modern eras, influenced by movements such as Romanticism, Realism, Symbolism, and Expressionism. Modern drama incorporates experimentation with new forms and ideas from its long development.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Contenu connexe
Similaire à HAMLET (excellent reference).pptxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Prince Hamlet exacts revenge on his uncle Claudius for murdering Hamlet's father, the King of Denmark, and marrying Hamlet's mother. The play explores themes of treachery, revenge, incest, and moral corruption as Hamlet deals with overwhelming grief and rage. Scholars have debated Hamlet's hesitation to kill Claudius and whether it stems from philosophical issues with murder or unconscious desires. Hamlet remains one of Shakespeare's most popular and influential tragedies.
The document provides a history of drama from ancient to 18th century forms. It begins with ancient Greek drama, noting the origins in Athens and innovations of Aeschylus and Sophocles who established tragedy as a unique art form. Medieval drama developed liturgical plays performed in churches. English restoration drama reopened theaters in 1660, focusing on comedy of manners influenced by Moliere. The 18th century saw domestic dramas and satires by writers like Fielding and Gay until censorship laws were imposed in 1737.
William Shakespeare an English Writer 1564 - 1616Ali Soomro
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was the greatest dramatist of the Elizabethan era. As little is known about his life as a country boy from Stratford-upon-Avon who came to London, his dramatic achievements are remarkable given his lack of formal education. Endowed with extraordinary imagination and creativity, Shakespeare was able to breathe new life into old stories and infuse them with profound thoughts and emotions. His dramatic output from 1588 to 1612 spans 37 plays and includes comedies, histories, and tragedies, which are often divided into four periods based on genre and tone.
Othello Powerpoint presentation English 102 jesmintz
The document provides background information on William Shakespeare and Elizabethan England. It discusses Shakespeare's plays being performed at the Globe Theatre in London. Shakespeare was a shareholder in the theatre and many of his greatest plays premiered there. The Globe could accommodate an audience of around 3,000 people and had an intimate stage projecting into the yard. The document also provides biographical details about Shakespeare, noting he was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and wrote around 37 plays between 1591-1611 as well as 154 sonnets.
William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright born in 1564 who wrote 38 plays including famous works like Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. He married Anne Hathaway and had three children. Shakespeare lived during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I and was influenced by writers of the English Renaissance, focusing on creating complex human characters in his plays that explored social hierarchies and drew from Greek and Roman classics. His works had a significant influence on literature and expanded the English language.
William Shakespeare is cllaed the Bard of Avan.
Shakespeare's influence is summarized nicely by Thomas Carlyle.
This King Shakespeare does he not shine, in crowned sovereignty, over us all, as the noblest, gentlest, yet strongest of rallying-signs; indestructible; really more valuable in that point of view than any other means or appliance whatsoever? We can fancy him as radiant aloft over all Nations of Englishmen, thousand years hence. From Paramatta, from New York, wheresoever, under what sort of Parish-Constable soever, English men and women are, they will say to one another, 'Yes, this Shakespeare is ours; we produced him, we speak and think by him; we are of one blood and kind with him. (Thomas Carlyle, The Hero as Poet, 1841).
English theater has a long history dating back to ancient Greek and Roman eras. Notable developments include William Shakespeare becoming one of the most influential playwrights in the English language in the 16th century. The theater genre was used to reflect society and culture through different periods. Key periods in the evolution of English theater include the Elizabethan era featuring playwrights like Christopher Marlowe, the Restoration period in the late 17th century bringing back moral comedies and heroic plays, and modern developments with playwrights like Harold Pinter, Tom Stoppard, and Caryl Churchill.
Oliver Goldsmith's play She Stoops to Conquer broke new ground in the 18th century by establishing a new subgenre of comedy called "laughing comedy." Prior forms of comedy focused more on sentimentality, but Goldsmith argued this was a "bastard form of tragedy" and that true comedy should provoke laughter by presenting humorous examinations of human folly. The play achieved this through characters like Tony Lumpkin, whose songs in the play encouraged finding humor in supposedly low or vulgar behaviors. She Stoops to Conquer influenced modern comedy by prioritizing laughter over sentimentality.
William Shakespeare and The Globe TheathreMsLopez22
The document provides information about different types of plays including comedies, farces, satires, tragedies, and historical plays. It then discusses William Shakespeare, noting that he was one of the most famous English playwrights and authored Romeo and Juliet among other famous plays. The summary concludes with details about the two feuding families in Romeo and Juliet, the Montagues and Capulets.
William Shakespeare drew on previous literary traditions when writing his famous tragedy Hamlet. The plot is similar to an earlier 1589 tragedy named "Hamlet" performed in London, and can also be traced back to a story from an Icelandic chronicle from the 12th century. The first performance of Shakespeare's Hamlet was in 1601 at the Globe Theater in London, a tumultuous time when the queen's favorite was executed for treason. Shakespeare's Hamlet is considered one of his greatest works, using unique stylistic techniques like blank verse and metaphor to explore philosophical themes of decay, fate, and the contrast between reality and appearance. The tragedy begins in Elsinore castle in Denmark and features Hamlet, a complex
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was an English playwright, poet, and actor considered one of the greatest writers in the English language. He wrote 38 plays and 154 sonnets that are still performed widely today. His plays include comedies, tragedies, and histories that provide insight into human nature, language, and England during the Tudor era. Shakespeare established himself as a playwright and shareholder in the Lord Chamberlain's Men theater company, helping build the Globe Theatre in London where many of his plays were first performed.
Western drama originated in ancient Greece with tragedies, comedies, and satyr plays performed as part of religious festivals honoring Dionysus. The two masks of drama represent comedy and tragedy, which were associated with the Muses Thalia and Melpomene. Drama was later considered a genre of poetry. Rituals differed from plays in their use of suspense and audience identification with characters. Significant Greek dramatists included Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes, and Menander. Drama continued developing through Roman, Medieval, Renaissance, 18th century, 19th century, and modern eras with influences from various movements such as Romanticism, Realism, Symbolism
The document provides a history of the development of drama from ancient Greek origins to modern forms. It traces how drama began as part of religious festivals honoring Dionysus in ancient Greece, involving tragedies, comedies, and satyr plays performed in theaters. Key figures who advanced early drama include Thespis, Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Drama continued evolving through Roman, Medieval, Renaissance, 18th century, 19th century, and modern eras, influenced by movements such as Romanticism, Realism, Symbolism, and Expressionism. Modern drama incorporates experimentation with new forms and ideas from its long development.
Similaire à HAMLET (excellent reference).pptxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (14)
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
2. “The remarkable thing about
William Shakespeare is that he
really
is very good, in spite of all the people
who say he is very good.”
-Robert Graves
William Shakespeare
3. The most influential writer in all of
English literature, William
Shakespeare was born in 1564 to a
successful middle-class glove-maker
in Stratford-upon-Avon, England.
Shakespeare attended grammar school, but
his formal education proceeded no further. In
1582 he married an older woman, Anne
Hathaway, and had three children with her.
4. Around 1590 he left his family
behind and traveled to London to work
as an actor and playwright.
Public and critical success quickly followed,
and Shakespeare eventually became the most
popular playwright in England and part-owner
of the Globe Theater.
5. His career bridged the reigns of
Elizabeth I (ruled 1558–1603) and
James I (ruled 1603–1625), and he
was a favorite of both monarchs.
Indeed, James granted Shakespeare’s
company the greatest possible compliment by
bestowing upon its members the title of King’s
Men.
6. Wealthy and renowned,
Shakespeare retired to Stratford and
died in 1616 at the age of fifty-two.
At the time of Shakespeare’s death, literary
luminaries such as Ben Jonson hailed his works
as timeless.
7. Some people have concluded that
Shakespeare’s plays were really written by
someone else—Francis Bacon and the Earl
of Oxford are the two most popular
candidates—but the support for this claim is
overwhelmingly circumstantial, and the
theory is not taken seriously by many
scholars.
In the absence of credible evidence to the contrary,
Shakespeare must be viewed as the author of the
thirty-seven plays and 154 sonnets that bear his name.
8. A number of Shakespeare’s
plays seem to have transcended
even the category of brilliance,
becoming so influential as to
profoundly affect the course of
Western literature and culture ever
after.
11. Written during the first part of the
seventeenth century (probably in 1600 or
1601), Hamlet was probably first performed
in July 1602.
It was first published in printed form in
1603 and appeared in an enlarged edition in
1604.
From the early 17th century, the play
was famous for its ghost and vivid
dramatization of melancholy and insanity.
12. Though it remained popular with mass
audiences, late 17th-century Restoration
critics saw Hamlet as primitive and
disapproved of its lack of unity and
decorum.
This view changed drastically in the
18th century, when critics regarded Hamlet
as a hero—a pure, brilliant young man
thrust into unfortunate circumstances.
13. By the mid-18th century, however, the
advent of Gothic literature brought
psychological and mystical readings,
returning madness and the Ghost to the
forefront.
Not until the late 18th century did
critics and performers begin to view
Hamlet as confusing and inconsistent.
Before then, he was either mad, or not;
either a hero, or not; with no in-betweens.
14. These developments represented a
fundamental change in literary criticism,
which came to focus more on character and
less on plot.
By the 19th century, Romantic critics
valued Hamlet for its internal, individual
conflict reflecting the strong contemporary
emphasis on internal struggles and inner
character in general.
15. Hamlet departed from contemporary
dramatic convention in several ways. For
example, in Shakespeare's day, plays were
usually expected to follow the advice of
Aristotle in his Poetics: that a drama should
focus on action, not character. In Hamlet,
Shakespeare reverses this so that it is through
the soliloquies, not the action, that the
audience learns Hamlet's motives and
thoughts.
16. Hamlet—Shakespeare's longest play, with
4,042 lines, totaling 29,551 words—takes
over four hours to deliver.
Hamlet also contains a favorite
Shakespearean device, a play within play, a
literary device or conceit in which one story
is told during the action of another story.
As was common practice during the
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,
Shakespeare borrowed for his play’s ideas
and stories from earlier literary works.
17. He could have taken the story of Hamlet
from several possible sources, including a
twelfth-century Latin history of Denmark
compiled by Saxo Grammaticus and a
prose work by the French writer François
de Belleforest, entitled Histoires
Tragiques.
By the way he had modified the play,
Shakespeare was able to take an
unremarkable revenge story and make it
resonate with the most fundamental
themes and problems of the Renaissance.
18. Renaissance is a vast cultural
phenomenon that began in fifteenth-century
Italy with the recovery of classical Greek
and Latin texts that had been lost to the
Middle Ages.
The scholars who enthusiastically
rediscovered these classical texts were
motivated by an educational and political
ideal called (in Latin) humanitas—the idea
that all of the capabilities and virtues
peculiar to human beings should be studied
and developed to their furthest extent.
19. Renaissance humanism, as this
movement is now called, generated a
new interest in human experience, and
also an enormous optimism about the
potential scope of human
understanding…
20. Hamlet’s famous speech in Act II,
“What a piece of work is a man! How
noble in reason, how infinite in faculty,
in form and moving how express and
admirable, in action how like an angel,
in apprehension how like a god—the
beauty of the world, the paragon of
animals!” (II.ii.293–297) is directly
based upon one of the major texts of the
Italian humanists, Pico della
Mirandola’s Oration on the Dignity of
Man.
21. For the humanists, the purpose of
cultivating reason was to lead to a better
understanding of how to act, and their
fondest hope was that the coordination
of action and understanding would lead
to great benefits for society as a whole.
22. As the Renaissance spread to other
countries in the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries, a more skeptical strain of
humanism developed, stressing the
limitations of human understanding.
The sixteenth-century French humanist,
Michel de Montaigne, proposed that the
world of experience was a world of
appearances, and that human beings could
never hope to see past those appearances
into the “realities” that lie behind them.
23. This is the world in which Shakespeare
places his characters. Hamlet is faced
with the difficult task of correcting an
injustice that he can never have sufficient
knowledge of—a dilemma that is by no
means unique, or even uncommon.
24. And while Hamlet is fond of pointing
out questions that cannot be answered
because they concern supernatural and
metaphysical matters, the play as a
whole chiefly demonstrates the difficulty
of knowing the truth about other
people—their guilt or innocence, their
motivations, their feelings, their relative
states of sanity or insanity.
25. The world of other people is a
world of appearances, and Hamlet is,
fundamentally, a play about the
difficulty of living in that world.
???
29. Elements of a Play
1.) PLOT
-the arrangement of events or
incidents on the stage.
-composed of “clearly defined
problems for characters to solve.”
30. PLOT
• Exposition- background information.
• Inciting Incident or Conflict- the event
that’s sets in motion the action of the play.
• Rising Action- Complications and
discoveries, which create conflict.
• Climax- turning point of the plot,
emotional intensity of play.
31. • Falling Action- series of events
following the climax.
• Denouement- “unknotting” resolution of
the conflicts.
32. 2. CHARACTER
– The agents of the plot.
– Characters provide the
motivations (reasons) for the events
of the plot.
– “Vivid characters” face and
overcome “obstacles that we can
recognize.”
– they provide the vehicle for conflict.
33. CHARACTER
a) Protagonist- main character
b) Antagonist- person, situation, or
inner conflict in opposition to the main
character’s goals.
c) Secondary Characters- all other
characters other than protagonist and
antagonist.
34. 3. SETTING
-When and where does it happen?
a) Viewable elements
b) Common sights and sounds to
enhance time and place
c) Sound effects and or music contribute
to time and place
35. 4. THEME
-The playwright’s message
-The theme is expressed through
words and actions of the
characters in a series of situations
that make up the plot. Each
situation takes place in a setting.
36. 5. LANGUAGE
- “Vivid characters” facing and
overcoming recognizable obstacles need
to express themselves in “heightened
language.”
–Dramatic dialogue consists of two parts:
narrative and dramatic.
37. 6. RHYTHM
The heart of the play. Plot,
character, language, and spectacle all
have their individual rhythms in time.
The combination of all these
rhythms create the impelling force of
the play leading to a final climax and
denouement.
Rhythm creates mood.
38. 7. SPECTACLE
Everything that is seen or heard on
stage. Actors, sets, costumes, lights and
sound.
NOTE: All plays have spectacle—
some emphasize spectacle more
than others.
40. Characters
• Hamlet – Son of the former King, and
nephew of the present King.
• Claudius – King of Denmark, and Hamlet's
uncle.
• Gertrude– Queen of Denmark, and mother
to Hamlet.
• Polonius– Lord Chamberlain
• Ophelia – Daughter to Polonius
• Horatio – Friend to Hamlet
• Laertes – Son to Polonius
41. • Voltimand and Cornelius – Courtiers
• Rosencrantz and Guildenstern
– Courtiers, friends to Hamlet.
• Osric – a Courtier
• Marcellus – an Officer
• Bernardo – an Officer
• Francisco – a Soldier
• Reynaldo – Servant to Polonius
• Ghost of Hamlet’s Father
• Fortinbras – Prince of Norway
• Gravediggers – a Sexton, and a clown.
• Player King, Player Queen, Lucianus, etc. –
Players
42. Hamlet - The Prince of Denmark,
the title character, and the protagonist.
About thirty years old at the start of
the play, Hamlet is the son of Queen
Gertrude and the late King Hamlet,
and the nephew of the present king,
Claudius. Hamlet is melancholy,
bitter, and cynical, full of hatred for
his uncle’s scheming and disgust for
his mother’s sexuality.
43. A reflective and thoughtful young
man who has studied at the
University of Wittenberg, Hamlet
is often indecisive and hesitant,
but at other times prone to rash
and impulsive acts.
44. Claudius - The King of
Denmark, Hamlet’s uncle, and
the play’s antagonist. The villain
of the play, Claudius is a
calculating, ambitious politician,
driven by his sexual appetites and
his lust for power, but he
occasionally shows signs of guilt
and human feeling—his love for
Gertrude, for instance, seems
sincere.
45. Gertrude - The Queen
of Denmark, Hamlet’s
mother, recently married to
Claudius. Gertrude loves
Hamlet deeply, but she is a
shallow, weak woman who
seeks affection and status
more urgently than moral
rectitude or truth.
46. Polonius - The Lord
Chamberlain of
Claudius’s court, a
pompous, conniving old
man. Polonius is the
father of Laertes and
Ophelia.
47. Horatio - Hamlet’s
close friend, who studied
with the prince at the
university in Wittenberg.
Horatio is loyal and
helpful to Hamlet
throughout the play. After
Hamlet’s death, Horatio
remains alive to tell
Hamlet’s story.
48. Ophelia - Polonius’s
daughter, a beautiful
young woman with whom
Hamlet has been in love.
Ophelia is a sweet and
innocent young girl, who
obeys her father and her
brother, Laertes.
49. Dependent on men to tell
her how to behave, she
gives in to Polonius’s
schemes to spy on
Hamlet. Even in her lapse
into madness and death,
she remains maidenly,
singing songs about
flowers and finally
drowning in the river
amid the flower garlands
she had gathered.
50. Laertes - Polonius’s
son and Ophelia’s brother,
a young man who spends
much of the play in
France. Passionate and
quick to action, Laertes is
clearly a foil for the
reflective Hamlet.
51. Fortinbras - The young
Prince of Norway, whose
father the king (also named
Fortinbras) was killed by
Hamlet’s father (also named
Hamlet). Now Fortinbras
wishes to attack Denmark to
avenge his father’s honor,
making him another foil for
Prince Hamlet.
52. The Ghost - The specter of
Hamlet’s recently deceased
father. The ghost, who
claims to have been
murdered by Claudius, calls
upon Hamlet to avenge him.
However, it is not entirely
certain whether the ghost is
what it appears to be, or
whether it is something else.
53. Rosencrantz and
Guildenstern - Two
slightly bumbling courtiers,
former friends of Hamlet
from Wittenberg, who are
summoned by Claudius and
Gertrude to discover the
cause of Hamlet’s strange
behavior.
54. Osric - The foolish
courtier who summons Hamlet
to his duel with Laertes
Voltimand and Cornelius -
Courtiers whom Claudius
sends to Norway to persuade
the king to prevent Fortinbras
from attacking.
55. Marcellus and Bernardo - The
officers who first see the ghost walking the
ramparts of Elsinore and who summon Horatio
to witness it. Marcellus is present when Hamlet
first encounters the ghost.
Francisco - A soldier and guardsman at
Elsinore.
Reynaldo - Polonius’s servant, who is sent
to France by Polonius to check up on and spy
on Laertes.
56. Plot
Exposition information – In the story Hamlet is a
prince of Denmark, his father was the king. The King had
died, before anything could have happened. Hamlet’s
uncle Claudius had his marriage with the queen Gertrude
or Hamlet’s mother, and then soon he owned the throne.
Then one day Hamlet’s father appear in a form of ghost in
front of hamlet’s eye and informed him that Claudius was
the one who murdered him and so hamlets swore to take
the revenge.
57. Plot
Inciting incident or conflict –
Hamlet’s king was murdered by Claudius
and Hamlet’s swore to take revenge for
his father.
58. Rising Action –Hamlet then got the idea to let
the actors performed the murdered situation of his
father’s case. As he was told from the ghost and
observed how will Claudius respond. After the play
displayed the scene of how his father’s was murdered,
Claudius stood up with anger then left to be alone. He
then pray to the lord to ask for forgiveness then
admitted that he did murdered Hamlet’s father. Hamlet
hesitated to kill Claudius with his sword behind him,
but he feared that if he were to kill Claudius while he is
praying he’ll sure go to heaven but Hamlet’s wanted
him to go to hell.
59. Climax – First climax: When Hamlet stabs
Polonius after the talk with his mother on trying to
tell her why she’s wrong in sleeping with Claudius,
as then he committed himself due to his violent
action and brings himself into a conflict with the
king.
Second Climax: In the fencing match
when Gertrude started to drink the poisonous drink
that Claudius intentionally made for Hamlet’s, then
they all started to fight and died.
60. Falling action – Ophelia decided to suicide
due because of her father’s death. Hamlet then
was sent to England by Claudius and was meant
to put to death, but soon people realized that
Hamlet was alive because he maintained to
retrieve the death sentence letter. Hamlet then
fought the fencing match.
61. Denouement – Hamlet told Rachael to
remain and announce the truth, later Prince
of Norway, Fortinbras arrived with his army
and so he saw that the whole family had
died, he claim the kingdom for himself.
62. Setting
- Late middle ages in
Denmark at the royal palace.
Genre
-Revenge Tragedy, Tragedy
63. THEME
a. The Impossibility of Certainty
This play poses many questions that other
plays would simply take for granted.
About the ghost’s apparition; Hamlet’s
father’s death; Hamlet’s insanity
The play shows us how many uncertainties
our lives are built upon, how many unknown
quantities are taken for granted when people act or
when they evaluate one another’s actions.
64. THEME
b. The Complexity of Action
In Hamlet, the question of how to act is
affected not only by rational considerations,
such as the need for certainty, but also by
emotional, ethical, and psychological factors.
Hamlet himself appears to distrust the idea that
it’s even possible to act in a controlled,
purposeful way.
65. THEME
c. The Mystery of Death
Throughout, the idea of death is closely tied to
the themes of spirituality, truth, and uncertainty
in that death may bring the answers to
Hamlet’s deepest questions, ending once and
for all the problem of trying to determine truth
in an ambiguous world.
And, since death is both the cause and the
consequence of revenge, it is intimately tied to
the theme of revenge and justice.
66. THEME
d. The Nation as a Diseased Body
Throughout the play, characters draw explicit
connections between the moral legitimacy of a
ruler and the health of the nation.
Denmark is frequently described as a physical
body made ill by the moral corruption of Claudius
and Gertrude.
(“something is rotten in Denmark”)
68. Hamlet Writing Style
Verse and Prose
Hamlet, like Shakespeare's other plays, is
written in a combination of verse (poetry) and
prose (how we talk every day).
Verse
In Hamlet—like in most of Shakespeare's
plays—the nobles typically speak in unrhymed
“iambic pentameter" (also called “blank verse").
69. An "iamb" is an unaccented syllable
followed by an accented one.
"Penta" means "five," and "meter" refers
to a regular rhythmic pattern.
So "iambic pentameter" is a kind of
rhythmic pattern that consist of five iambs
per line.
70. It's the most common rhythm in English poetry
and sounds like five heartbeats: ba-DUM, ba-
DUM, ba-DUM, ba-DUM, ba-DUM.
“and BY opposing END them? To DIE to
SLEEP;
no MORE; and BY a SLEEP to SAY we END”
71. Prose
Characters who aren't so high-class—
like the gravediggers—don't get to speak
in verse; they just talk. Hamlet himself,
however, sometimes speaks in prose,
even when he's being awfully poetic.
Take, for instance, the following line:
72. “How noble in reason! how infinite
in faculty! in form, in moving, how
express and admirable! in action
how like an angel! in apprehension
how like a god! the beauty of the
world! the paragon of animals! And
yet, to me, what is this quintessence
of dust? ”
73. To be, or not to be: that is the question;
Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And byopposing end them?—
To die,—
to sleep,—
No more; and bya sleep to say we end
The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to,—
’tis a consummation
Devoutlyto be wish’d. To die,—
to sleep;—
To sleep: perchance to dream:—
ay, there’s the rub;
For in that sleep of death what dreams maycome,
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,
Must give us pause: there’s the respect
That makes calamityof so long life;
For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,
The oppressor’s wrong, the proud man’s contumely,
74. The pangs of despis’d love, the law’s delay,
The insolence of office, and the spurns
That patient merit of the unworthytakes,
When he himself might his quietus make
With a bare bodkin?who would these fardels bear,
To grunt and sweat under a wearylife,
But that the dread of something after death,—
The undiscover’d country, from whose bourn
No traveller returns,—
puzzles the will,
And makes us rather bear those ills we have
Than flyto others that we know not of?
Thus conscience does make cowards of us all;
And thus the native hue of resolution
Is sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought;
And enterprises of great pith and moment,
With this regard, their currents turn awry,
And lose the name of action.
75. This soliloquy, probably the most
famous speech in the English language, is
spoken by Hamlet in Act III, scene i (58–
90). His most logical and powerful
examination of the theme of the moral
legitimacy of suicide in an unbearably
painful world, it touches on several of the
other important themes of the play.
76. Hamlet poses the problem of whether
to commit suicide as a logical question:
“To be, or not to be,” that is, to live or not
to live. He then weighs the moral
ramifications of living and dying. Is it
nobler to suffer life, “the slings and
arrows of outrageous fortune,” passively
or to actively seek to end one’s suffering?
77. He compares death to sleep and thinks of
the end to suffering, pain, and uncertainty it
might bring, “[t]he heartache, and the
thousand natural shocks / That flesh is heir
to.” Based on this metaphor, he decides that
suicide is a desirable course of action, “a
consummation / Devoutly to be wished.”
But, as the religious word “devoutly”
signifies, there is more to the question,
namely, what will happen in the afterlife.
78. Hamlet immediately realizes as
much, and he reconfigures his
metaphor of sleep to include the
possibility of dreaming; he says that the
dreams that may come in the sleep of
death are daunting, that they “must give
us pause.”
79. He then decides that the uncertainty of
the afterlife, which is intimately related
to the theme of the difficulty of
attaining truth in a spiritually
ambiguous world, is essentially what
prevents all of humanity from
committing suicide to end the pain of
life.
80. He outlines a long list of the miseries
of experience, ranging from
lovesickness to hard work to political
oppression, and asks who would
choose to bear those miseries if he
could bring himself peace with a knife,
“[w]hen he himself might his quietus
make / With a bare bodkin?”
81. He answers himself again, saying no
one would choose to live, except that
“the dread of something after death”
makes people submit to the suffering
of their lives rather than go to another
state of existence which might be even
more miserable.
82. The dread of the afterlife, Hamlet
concludes, leads to excessive moral
sensitivity that makes action
impossible: “conscience does make
cowards of us all . . . thus the native
hue of resolution / Is sicklied o’er with
the pale cast of thought.”
83. In this way, this speech connects many
of the play’s main themes, including the
idea of suicide and death, the difficulty
of knowing the truth in a spiritually
ambiguous universe, and the connection
between thought and action. In addition
to its crucial thematic content, this
speech is important for what it reveals
about the quality of Hamlet’s mind.
84. His deeply passionate nature is
complemented by a relentlessly logical
intellect, which works furiously to find a
solution to his misery. He has turned to
religion and found it inadequate to help
him either kill himself or resolve to kill
Claudius. Here, he turns to a logical
philosophical inquiry and finds it
equally frustrating.