History Of Telephone

History of Telephone
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 2
HISTORY OF TELEPHONE 3
Early Telephone Development 3
The Beginning (1876–1900) 4
The New Century (1901–1940) 6
Modern Time (1940–Today) 6
CONCLUSION 7
REFERECENCE 8
INTRODUCTION
A few centuries ago, there were only a few kinds of communication that people can use. They could
speak to each other, they can use smoke as a means of communication to send their message from
one place to another or they could use mail. Later on, they also had telegram. During the modern
age, telephone is one of the most important inventions in the field of communications. It is a
disruptive technology that had made other means of communication become obsolete. Nowadays, it
has played an irreplaceable role in our ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the moment Alexander Graham Bell spoke "Mr. Watson, come here, I want you." into his
experimental telephone on March 10, 1876, an industry was born. In July of 1877, Gardiner
Hubbard, George Sanders and Bell formed the Bell Telephone Company. The Charles Williams shop
made the first telephones under the direction of Watson, who in effect was the Research and
Development Department of the company. In mid–1878, Theodore Vail was assigned as the new
general manager of the Bell Company. The Bell company had 10,000 phones in service at this time.
Figure 9, 10&11: Alexander Graham Bell, Elisha Gray and Bell's original telephone .
Figure 12: The first commercial switchboard

Go back one year, on January, 28 1878, the first commercial switchboard began operating in New
Haven, Connecticut. With the invention of the switchboard, exchanges opened rapidly across the
country. On February 21, the world's first telephone directory was produced by George Williard Coy
and a group of investors in the New Haven District Telephone Company at 219 Chapel Street which
was a single paper consists of only fifty names. On August 1, Thomas Watson invented the phone
ringer. Previously, people used a crude thumper to signal the called party, hoping someone would be
around to hear it. The ringer was an important success to the future of telephony
In 1889 the first public
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Business Analysis: Vodafone New Zealand
Vodafone New Zealand is one of the biggest mobile network operator giving voice, data, and value
added mobile services. It is a tailback organization of London verified Vodafone plc. The
organization was shaped in 1998 discovering the pillars in Auckland. It has his major offices at
Auckland, wellington and Christchurch which employs over 3000 people, extending the services
nationwide. The market share in the mobile world was consistent at more than 50% for a long time,
which established an uncertainty in 2010 and was back to the structure at 2014 around 42% bringing
back its lost clients. In 2012, Vodafone acquired Telstraclear from Telstra Australia and also
developed an IMS infrastructure to introduce a single fixed–line and mobile network. Following its
acquisition of ISP, IHUG Vodafone NZ enriches its clients fixed line voice and data services. The
company has spent its millions of dollars in the 3g network improving its access capacity in the
urban areas. The company operates a 3g network and a 2g network very conveniently over 97% of
the county's population. The company has extended the market over to the virtual mobile operators
to support its marketing growth.
Vodafone supports the local service Telecommunications Service Obligations (TSO) policy goal of
social inclusion to ensure that all the New Zealand citizens has an access to the entire telephony
services. Vodafone and Telecom has a consignment to even out rural services in the Rural
Broadband Initiative (RBI)

The Golden Age: Is It in the Past or in the Future?
"The golden age is before us, not behind us." These words, from William Shakespeare, depict to
people the possibility of reaching a higher echelon than ever before in comfort and command of the
world. They demonstrate the result of forward thinking and the detriments to nostalgia. They are
especially relevant to the current situation of the world's latest and greatest technology – the internet.
The internet is merely a network of computers, but to modern humans, it accomplishes much more
than just communication. It is a workplace, an entertainment center, and a news repository all at the
same time. Rooster Teeth Productions, a company which has garnered billions of views, began by
producing videos for the internet. Rooster Teeth recently moved into a new, 20,000 square foot
office space in Austin, and now employs 38 people. It's a long way to come for a company that
started out with no profit model, no office, and only a handful of passionate employees. (Rigney 3)
Clearly, this only decades–old invention has had the most profound impact on human life since
penicillin, but already people want to abuse the internet's power for personal gain. Amoral Internet
Service Providers such as Comcast and Time Warner have and likely will continue to restrict the
internet for monetary or otherwise self–preserving gains. The most recent threat to the internet's
capabilities is the United States Federal Communications Commission's Chairman Tom Wheeler's
alleged proposal that will

Downsizing
Downsizing occurs when a company permanently reduces its workforce. Corporate downsizing is
often the result of poor economic conditions or the company's need to cut jobs in order to lower
costs or maintain profitability. Downsizing may occur when one company merges with another, a
product or service is cut, or the economy falters. Downsizing also occurs when employers want to
"streamline" a company – this refers to corporate restructuring in order to increase profit and
maximize efficiency. Downsizing results in layoffs that are often followed by other restructuring
changes, such as branch closings, departmental consolidation, and other forms of cutting pay
expenses. In some cases, employers are not fired, but instead become part–time ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
From employee source it is found that in many cases the company is violating the Bangladesh Labor
Act 2006 but the government or the labor law enforcement bureau is not taking any action. The
statistic shows that last year the company profit incensement was almost 205% and the employee of
the company was suppose to get a potation of the profit as per the company policy. But it never
happened. As Grameenphone's profit already is in increase as per last year's report than the company
should provide a valid reason of termination of such a large number of employment within a short
time. Recently the management have introduces a new system of re–interview within the company
to ensure the existing position of the individuals. Management has claimed this process as a part of
performance evaluation tool which has made the employee to raise their voice against this injustice.
By using such words like 'Business Alignment' and 'Change in structure' actually the company is
terminating the employment of permanent employee who has given his 8 hours of every single day
with loyalty to built this organization to this height. Even in some cases the company had forced
some of the female employee to attend the interviews during their maternity leave and terminated
their employment contract as claiming the employee is less productive for the company which is a
direct violation of Bangladesh labor Act 2006. Employees have claimed that the management is not

Charging Regulations for Cellular Phone Companies in the...
Incentives of Charging Regulations to Cellphone Mobile Telephone Companies in the Philippines In
partial fulfillment of the requirements in SPECTO 3 Submitted by: Cameron Cabanlig on April 08,
2010 De La Salle University– Manila I. INTRODUCTION In the Philippines, there are different
businesses, industries and companies that are mainly regulated by the government to at least make
the market fair for both the consumers and producers. For a market to function fairly and
competitively, incentives are implemented and handed out to the market components specifically by
companies in accordance to government regulations. Incentives give people the initiative to acquire
the best possible outcome and the best benefit for both ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The companies that will be included in this paper are the main cellular mobile telephone companies
that play a major role in the market. Only top/major players of cellular phone companies such as
Smart, Globe and Sun telecoms will be included in this paper. The study however limits it to such
because a big percentage of subscribers are subscribed in these three large cellular phone companies.
And because of it, we can see the relation of producer and consumer and the effect of incentives
regulated by the government specifically the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) on
to those companies. In these three top/major cellular phone companies we can see how economic
incentives play a major role on how these companies charge their subscribers. Cost of services paid
by subscriber on different bundles of services i.e. basic service/voice, text, minimum charge (either
per minute or pulse) are the major factors that these companies that charge consumers. In this study,
we will be focusing on the main usage of cellular phones which are the calls and short messaging
service (SMS) for local and international usage, prepaid and line subscribers. Through incentives,
cost of services subscribed by cellular phone users is minimized and at the same time the benefit of
both the consumer and the producer are maximized. II. CELLULAR PHONE COMPANIES AND
ITS ROLE IN THE SOCIETY Background of Cellular Mobile Telephone Companies a. Smart
Communications

Multinational Company Achieving Competitive Advantage...
Research Paper Research Topic Telenor i.e. Grameenphone as a Multinational Company achieving
competitive advantage through high level of adaptation and local responsiveness in an emerging
country like Bangladesh. Prepared By: Mohammed Sabirul Islam, ID: 072 195 530 Course Code:
MGT 372 Course Title: International Business Sec: 07 Prepared For: Mr. Jasim Uddin Lecturer
School of Business North South University Date of Submission: August 30, 2012 I. Introduction
The point of doing this research paper is to help you find out how Multinational Companies could
achieve competitive advantage in 3rd world emerging economies like Bangladesh. A sneak peek into
one such company which has been doing business ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"We don't look so much at what or where people have studied but rather at their drive, initiative,
cultural sensitivity, and readiness to see the world as their oyster. Whether they've studied classics,
economics, history or languages is irrelevant. What matters ate the skills and qualities necessary to
be good, well–rounded executives in a highly international institution operating in a diverse set of
communities." Explained by CEO, HSBC.
[http://www.deanstalk.net/deanstalk/2006/01/the_theory_of_e.html] Competitive advantages give a
company an edge over its rivals and an ability to generate greater value for the firm and its
shareholders. The more sustainable the competitive advantage, the more difficult it is for
competitors to neutralize the advantage. There are two main types of competitive advantages:
comparative advantage and differential advantage. Comparative advantage, or cost advantage, is a
firm 's ability to produce a good or service at a lower cost than its competitors, which gives the firm
the ability sell its goods or services at a lower price than its competition or to generate a larger
margin on sales. A differential advantage is created when a firm 's products or services differ from
its competitors and are seen as better than a competitor 's products by customers.
[http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=880468] According to Affuah Allan,
competitive advantage will ensure

Salem Telephone Company Case Analysis
Introduction Peter Flores, president of Salem Telephone Company (STC) informed the Public
Service Commission "that a profitable computer service Subsidiary would reduce pressure for the
telephone rate increase." And a result, Salem Data Services (SDS) was established. In 2003, SDS
has "yet to experience a profitable month" and this induced the meeting between Peter Flores and
Cynthia Wu, manager of SDS in April 2004. Flores and Wu held different views in regards to SDS;
Flores felt SDS was draining STC resources and is questioning the ability of SDS to be a profitable
business. Wu felt that SDS had the ability to show profits in the near future. To adequately prepare
Flores, president of STC for his meeting with Wu, he assigns a task to ... Show more content on
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Question 5 Moving on, we examine the suggestions that Peter Flores has made to Ms. Wu. The three
options he has suggested are: 1) Increasing commercial prices to $1,000 per hour believing that
demand would be reduced by 30% 2) Reducing commercial prices to $600 hoping to increase
demand by 30% 3) Increasing promotion in order to increase revenue hours up to 30% Option 1: We
pull 138 commercial revenue hours from March Exhibit 1. Multiplying that by 70%, we come up
with 97 hours. Commercial Revenue Hours = 138 hours x (1–0.3) = 97 hours Using the
intercompany–billing rate per hour of $400 and the intercompany demand of 205 hours we calculate
revenue and expenses. Revenue: (205 hours x $400) + (97 hours x $1,000) = $82,000 + $97,000 =
$179,000 Expenses: $28.70(variable cost) x (205 hours + 97 hours) = $8,667.40 Subtracting
expenses from Revenue yields a net income of $170,332.60 Change in net income = $170,332.60 –
$212,939 = –$42,606 Option 2: We pull 138 commercial revenue hours from March Exhibit 1.
Multiplying that by 130%, we come up with 180 hours. New revenue hours = 138 hours x (1+0.3) =
180 hours Revenue = (205 hours x $400) + (180 hours x $600) = $82,000 + $108,000 = $190,000
Expenses = $28.70(variable cost) x (205 hours + 180 hours) = $11,049.50 Subtracting expenses
from Revenue yields a net income of $178,950.50

The International Telephone And Telegraph Company
1. Introduction Big companies such as Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) is characteristic of the
capitalist economic system which have a role as non–state actors. However, it is shown to have an
important role and can determine the direction of the economy of a country that these companies
invested. Multinational enterprises have developed since the early 19th century. In the 20th century,
with the growth of information technology and transport, causing the expansion of international
trade is increasing. Attributed to the establishment of branches in different countries to produce
products which looks similar products manufactured in the home country in all respects and began
to move the capital from the United States to invest in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, these companies are also ready to move their production bases to another country or to
layoffs and downsizing their companies if their business are unsuccessful. It causes tremendous
equality between the companies and the countries that have been investing. Despite the advantages
of an investment may entail technology transfer, production and employment in the country, it has
the effect of trade liberalization on that companies can easily withdraw the investment. Including,
technology transfer in production to those subsidiaries have been inherited by these companies are
not absolutely perfectly. It could be that the relationship between the parent company and
subsidiaries is the parent company control and plays a major role over the subsidiaries and based on
the pursuit of profit as much as possible. This essay will provide the examples of two big companies
which focus on multinational enterprises in different continents which have high turnover but on the
other hand, there are problems that arise from the operation of these companies, as well as the
impact on third parties that may lead to reduce the credibility of companies. The samples have to be
taken into consideration and analysis in perspective of foreign investors, civil society actors and the
reaction of government actors as well. 2. What is Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)? Organisation
for Economic Co–operation and

Alexander Graham Bell Research Paper
Alexander Graham Bell is famous for inventing a telephone. He was born on March 3, 1847 in
Edinburgh, Scotland. He had two brothers, Melville and Edward, they both of them died from
tuberculosis. His grandfather and father were mechanics of voice and elocution. Alexander's mother
was nearly deaf. Alexander had 1 year of formal education in a private school and he had 2 years at
Edinburgh's royal high school. In 1862 Alexander volunteered to take care of his grandfather when
he fell ill. By age 16, Alexander had joined his father in his work with the deaf, and soon took over
in fathers London operations.
When his father went to America he found out that its a healthier environment, so he chose to move
his family there. When he was 25, Bell opened ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first electrical telegraph lines had been built forty years earlier, in the 1830s. These allowed
electrical clicks Morse code to be instantly transmitted over great distances. Bell wanted to transmit
human speech instead of clicks, and he was getting close to doing it. He had found that human
speech came in wave like patterns. He now hoped to produce an electrical wave that would follow
the same patterns as someone's speech. After a while he won financial backing from Gardiner
Hubbard and Thomas Sanders, two wealthy investors. Hubbard also brought in Anthony Pollok, his
patent attorney. In 1875, Bell was 27. Bell and his investors decided the time had come to protect his
intellectual property using copyrights. Bell had a copyright written for transmission of speech over
an electrical wire. He applied for this patent in the UK, because in those days UK patents were
granted only if they had not first been granted in another country. Bell told his attorney to apply in
the USA only after his patent had been granted in the UK. By 1876, things in the USA had become
darker. In February of that year, Elisha Gray applied for a US patent for a telephone which used a
variable resistor based on a liquid: salt water. On the same day, Bell's attorney filed his US patent
application.
The money enabled Bell to hire Thomas Watson, a skilled electrical engineer, whose knowledge
would help Bell's research. Alexander Graham Bell's experiment wasn't a walk in the park, he ran
into many obstacles on the way. Some obstacles involved were Alexander's two sons dying of
Tuberculosis during his inventing process. Another rough time for Alexander was the time, effort,
and work he put into the telephone throughout his timeline. Alexander got through many of his
obstacles by doing things he enjoyed like working with the deaf and being around family and people
he cared

The Invention Of Alexander Graham Bell
Alexander Graham Bell was not an American born inventor. He was born in Edinburgh Scotland
March 3, 1947. His father was a formal speech teacher. This might account for his early interest in
speech and sound. As a boy he was so intrigued with sound he taught himself to play the piano.
When he was a teenager his mother began to lose her hearing, and this further perpetuated his
entrance and desire to explore sound. Bell was a very smart young man. At age 12 he invented a
machine to take the husks off grains of wheat. This became a very important invention at this time,
because processing wheat by hand was very time consuming. People began to notice that he was a
very innovative child. His friend's father who owned the grain mill appreciated his invention so
much that he gave him a small shop to work on his inventions. Alexander Graham Bell was home
schooled by his mother early in his childhood. As a child he received only three years of formal
education. He was only a mediocre student, but showed an amazing ability for problem solving.
This was around 1859 about the time his mother started to lose her hearing. In 1863, Bell first heard
a machine designed by a German scientist, that imitated the sound of the human voice. He was very
intrigued with this machine, and it probably provided the seed that led to the invention of the
telephone. He and his brother obtain the book written by the scientists, translated it from German,
and learn how the machine worked.

Swot Analysis Of Ooredo
Company Introduction
Ooredoo (formerly known as Qtel) is an international telecommunications company that started in
Doha, Qatar. Ooredoo (at this time was Qtel) was founded in 1987 as a telephone company, they
made the decision to become a global brand in 2013. The ownership of the company was for H.E.
Sheikh Abdullah Bin Mohammed Bin Saud Al Thani as the company's chairman and Sheikh Saud
Bin Nasser Al Thani as its CEO.
The name Ooredoo is an Arabic word meaning 'I want'. It conveys the aspirations of Ooredoo
customers and symbolizes Ooredoo's "commitment to enrich people's lives."
They held a monopoly in Qatar as being the only Telecoms Company available until 28th of June
2008 when Vodafone received the second public mobile network and ... Show more content on
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Goals will help to unite the efforts of Ooredoo's employees by giving them a destination to work in
order to reach it, otherwise there will be a lot of lost effort due to every employee aimlessly without
any goal to pursuit. In addition, customer service goals will let Ooredoo's customers expect
consistency when they interact with the employees, for example, if there were a goal state that the
customer should not be putted on hold for more than three minutes and this goal was achieved,
customers will not be as much as irritated when they are putted on hold. After conducting customer
needs assessment with one of the suggested methods, which were discussed in the previous pages.
According to results the types of goals will differ to improve what lack in Ooredoo's customer
service. For example, it can be one of either increase the customer satisfaction, increase the
customer loyalty, or increase the customer lifetime value. Of course it might not be limited to one of
them, but include two or more. The following goals might be a good choice to improve Ooredoo's
customer

Salem Telephone Company Is A Regulated Utility Company
Case Overview
Salem Telephone Company is a regulated utility company. As a regulated utility, Salem Telephone
Company needs the approval of the Public Service Commission in order to change its rates for
telephone service. Finding low cost and effective ways to provide public utility service to its
customers is important to such a highly regulated industry. The state Public Service Commission had
encouraged all public utilities to find new revenue generating sources for profit in order to reduce
high costs and lower the need for rate increases (Bruins, 2005). Operating a telephone company
require various computer services to plan, control, and account for its operations. Rather than
outsource its data processing to a non–related third ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The data service company was designed as an effective and low cost revenue generating business
that would operate at a profit for its parent company.
For three years, Salem Data Services failed to meet profit expectations. First Quarter 2004 losses
totaled $105,982 (Bruins, 2005). Unable to make a profit and with excess capacity to sell additional
support time, Salem Data Services management felt the company was moving in the right direction
and needed more time to build its external customers to show a profit. By 2004, Salem Data
Services had not shown a profit. Revenue hours represent the key activity cost driver at Salem Data
Services. Based on first quarter 2004 financials, Salem Data Services had only sold 60.4% of
revenue hours, leaving 39.6% unsold revenue hours for the quarter. The impact of the unsold
revenue hours totals $526,400 out of $843,200 commercial sales revenue potential. Management of
the Telephone company felt that immediate action was necessary in order to reduce losses on Salem
Telephone Company resources. According to the case, in the 2003 report the shareholders, the
income for Salem Telephone Company was so low that it was the lowest return on shareholder
investment in seven years (Blocher, 2012). This proved to be a crucial time in the life of both
companies in that creating shareholder value is imperative to continue operations. One of the
ultimate measures of a

The Sharing of Personal Data by Mobile Phone Companies
The development of the digital cloud from an area for small file storage to one of continuous
connectivity and communication is having a significant influence on the quantity and forms of
personal data stored by users. Expansions in user technologies and the systems that associate them
have allowed this nonstop recording of any individual's data. A multitude of companies are
manipulating these devices abilities and producing extensive amounts of raw data about the public
and commercial actions of users. Malte Spitz from TED, talks about the methods in which your
phone company can accumulate, access and even distribute surprisingly large quantities of personal
information that would normally be considered private by consumers. Companies are constantly
looking toward changes that will make private data infinitely diverse from that which defined pre–
digital society. Individuals have voiced specific worries about how phone and internet companies
can be trusted to manage the threats to private data in the online world, specifically financial loss
and social reputation. Many consumers believe that phone companies have a moral obligation to be
able to withhold private information, however, cannot be trusted to do so until legal parameters are
put in place.
Users are partaking in a growing variety of societal and commercial activities online, as well as the
development of substantial networking data. Malte Spitz explains that, "in the summer of 2006, the
E.U. Commission tabled a

A Report on Using Servqual Model to Assess Service Quality...
A Report on USING SERVQUAL Model to assess Service Quality of AIRTEL i A Report on
USING SERVQUAL Model to assess Service Quality of AIRTEL
Submitted to Mr. Kazi Mahfuz Mamtazur Rahman Course Instructor Course Title: Service
Marketing Course Code: MKT 402
Prepared by–
Team: Megamind
Aniqa Tahsin Anchal(787) Md. Saidur Rahman (792) Md. Shafaeth Zaman (802) Muqtadir Fattah
Nayeeb (807) Nafiz Imtiaz Noor(816) Md. Ashiqul Islam (1332) Md. Asiful Islam (1985)
Date of Submission 20th April, 2013
Institute of Business Administration Jahangirnagar University Savar, Dhaka–1342
April 20, 2013 Mr. Kazi Mahfuz Mamtazur Rahman Course Instructor Service Marketing (MKT
402) Institute of Business Administration Jahangirnagar University
Subject: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Based on Parasuraman et al.'s Modified SERVQUAL variables, we tried to identify the effects of
each variable to satisfaction. Data were collected through survey over the internet & through field
research among 100 Airtel subscribers and the data were analyzed using

Case Study I-2 Voip2.Biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps...
CASE STUDY I–2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier
Lawrence R. Milkowski, President and CEO of VoIP2.biz, Inc., an Indianapolis–based start–up
supplier of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) telephony to the small and midsize business market,
knew he had a difficult job ahead of him. It was Friday, June 23, 2006, and he had to prepare his
recommendations on the next steps for his fledgling company to the board of directors at its meeting
on Tuesday, June 27, 2006. While Larry was a firm believer in the direction of the company, he
knew that the board was anxious to resolve the future of the firm given the slower–than–hoped–for
progress in getting the company's cash flow to break even.
2.
The Company
In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Included the call origination and termination services in lieu of traditional phone company services,
including low–cost long distance, E911, and all of the advanced features available through any
traditional telephone carrier, 3. Utilized an open–source call processing platform that operated on
commodity hardware in place of proprietary telephone systems, which was 10 percent to 20 percent
of the cost of a competing technology, and 4. Were sold, engineered, installed, and supported by an
experienced team of data and voice networking professionals.
Progress to Date
The concept behind VoIP2.biz came from some experimentation in early 2004 by personnel working
for the Harley Services Corporation (HSC). HSC began business in 1995, providing outsourced
engineering, installation, and marketing services to telecommunications carriers throughout the
United States. By utilizing HSC's services, carriers were able to speed implementation of new
customer services, such as DSL, and reduce costs by outsourcing central office engineering and
equipment assembly. As a service provider to the carriers, HSC was in a unique position to
understand and review new telecommunications technology prior to its general availability. In 2003,
engineers at HSC started to investigate broadband applications, including video and voice over
internet protocol (VoIP) applications. During 2004, Milkowski and other personnel in HSC explored
the market

Organizational Behavior Concepts of at&T Essay
AT& T is the largest communications company in the world. The company is the leading U.S.
provider of wireless, high speed Internet access, local and long distance voice, and directory
publishing and advertising services. They have even expanded to include entertainment with
television services called UVERSE TV. With the many accomplishments of this media giant its
portrayal of evidenced practice of some successful organizational behavior concepts reveal clear
understanding of leadership. AT & T has proven success through effective organizational behaviors
that include focusing on organizational structure, organizational culture and communication.
Organization culture is the matter that holds a company intact. This is what makes each ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This organization encourages the development of a comprehensive work environment where all
employees are respected and can achieve at their fullest potential. AT&T has a very strong culture
and their values are not only shared with management, but by all employees. While mergers are
known to affect an organization's culture, AT & T has proven success with at least three mergers. In
October of 2004 AT&T completed a merger with Cingular to become AT&T wireless. In November
of 2005, SBC and AT&T finalized their union and with that AT&T Corporation became AT&T
Incorporated. The organization became the largest phone company in the United States when they
acquired SBC, serving 13 states in the western and southwestern part of the U.S. Their latest
acquisition came in Mar of 2006 when Bellsouth was purchased ("AT&T Inc." Notable Corporate
Chronologies Online Version, 2006). With the merger of Bellsouth, AT&T picked up another nine
states in the Southeast to provide available service in a total of 22 states (Reardon, 2006). The
merger of AT&T and BellSouth, along with the consolidation of Cingular Wireless, will continue
advancement in the communications and entertainment industry, where they will continue to invent
new resolutions for consumers and businesses. These accomplishments prove that AT&T has a
successful organizational culture.
Organizational structure for the largest provider in

Alexander Graham Bell Research Paper
Alexander Graham Bell Who is Alexander Graham Bell? Alexander Graham Bell was a great
inventor, scientist, and teacher. His greatest accomplishment, the invention of the telephone, is
something most people still use today. Although Alexander invented the telephone, he refused to
have one in his home because he thought it would distract him from his scientific work. Alexander
had many inventions, but not all were successful. Bell was born on March 3, 1847, in Edinburgh,
Scotland, United Kingdom. His parents were Alexander Melville Bell and Eliza Grace Symonds. He
had two brothers, Melville James Bell and Edward Charles Bell, both of which died at young ages
from tuberculosis. The accomplishments of his mother, despite her disability of deafness,
encouraged him to continually challenge himself. His mother was a gifted pianist and painter, while
his father helped teach deaf students how to communicate. By age 16, Bell partnered with his father
to help continue his work with the deaf. After his father's trip to North America, he decided he
wanted to move his family there. By 1870, Bell and his family had moved to Brantford, Ontario,
Canada. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They had four children, Elsie, Marian Hubbard, Robert, and Edward. Robert and Edward both died
in infancy. Bell had a significant curiosity of the world, which made him a lifelong learner. As a
child, Bell was homeschooled until he was 11 years old. After that, he attended Edinburgh's Royal
High School. According to famouspeople.com, "He [Alexander] was one of the founders of the
National Geographic Society in 1888, and he served as its president from 1896 to 1904". Bell held
18 patents in his name alone, and 12 that he shared with other

Telecommunications Companies: America Movil Essay
Latin America has been known throughout history to take orders and to have resources taken away
from their bare hands. They were never appreciated for the struggles that they went through to
provide distant countries with useful resources. Fast–forward to the new twentieth century and Latin
America has taken over the corporation scene, an example being the company known as America
Movil. A company that is putting Latin American countries on the map once again, but this time no
one is managing them instead they are managing themselves. There are many telecommunication
companies out in the world but a major one that is taking the world by storm is a company called
America Movil; it was founded back in September 2000 by its owner Carlos Slim ... Show more
Along with success comes failure, and Carlos is a victim to it; according to an article in the NY
Times in 2009 Carlos slim has been seen as an evil monopolist. Stating that he was not the one who
took over the Telmex Company rather it was his " political connections that won him the company."
(p. 4) Also Denise Dresser a political scientist states that Slim did not become rich by his business
ways but became rich by "the favorable government treatment." Even though the media has a
negative outlook of Carlos there is no doubt that his company has made a name for its self. Since
America Movil was a side company it has also branched out many new side companies as well, or
also known as sister companies. Some of its sister companies are Telmex, Claro, Telcel, and
Tracfone Wireless. Since America Movil bought Telmex it has since then been considered a sister
company; so Telemex being the same as America Movil it provides the same services like land lines
and cellar lines to plenty Latin American countries. According to the NY Times article where Slim
was criticized it states that it is known to be one of Mexico's main line carrier owning 90 percent of
Mexico's telephone lines. (p. 4) Moving on to Claro that is also a telecommunication company that
provides services to mainly only Latin American, and Caribbean countries, for example countries
such as Guatemala, Argentina, Brazil, Puerto Rico, and Honduras and has its Headquarters' located
in Brazil.

To what extent is diversification the best strategy to...
Novartis, a large multinational pharmaceutical company, recently diversified by buying Alcon, in a
£24.8bn deal. Alcon is a producer of eye care products such as contact lenses. Google has
diversified by investing £124m in a wind power business. To what extent is diversification the best
strategy to achieve profitable growth? Justify your answer with reference to Novartis, Google and/
or other organisations that you know. (40 marks)
Diversification – Practice under which a firm enters an industry or market different from its core
business.
Growth – The process of improving some measure of an enterprise's success. Business growth can
be achieved either by boosting the top line or revenue of the business with greater product sales or ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example In 2004 Branson was set to enter the music industry once again by diversifying into the
online music industry through an online music store service just like Apple. He also released his
own mp3 called the 'Pulse' that was to rival Apple's Ipod. Unfortunately he closed both products
later that year due to the fact that Apple kept releasing new products that made the 'Pulse' outdated
with Apple's high brand awareness, Virgin found it difficult to rival a large market leader therefore
caused them to retrench and withdraw their product. This shows that although diversifications seem
the best strategy for profitable growth, it does pose many risks especially when entering new
unfamiliar markets.
On the other hand there are also many other strategies that can achieve profitable growth such as a
takeover or a merger. Orange and T–Mobile were two mobile phone companies that had nearly
reached the end of their product life cycle in 2008 due to the rising popularity of other networks
offering new USP's such as 3's unlimited internet and Vodaphones 'freebees' perks. However with
the equal merger of the two companies in 2010 and performing under the new refurbished name that
is EE (everything everywhere), it is now the largest mobile network operator in the UK, with around
28 million customers. The synergy between these two companies has not only increased

Essay on Prestige Telephone Company – Case Study
Prestige Telephone Company – Case Study
In April 2003, Daniel Rowe, president of Prestige Telephone Company, was preparing for a meeting
with Susan Bradley, Manager of Prestige Data Services, a company subsidiary. Partial deregulation
and an agreement with the state Public Service Commission had permitted Prestige Telephone to
establish a computer data service subsidiary to perform data processing for the telephone company
and to sell computer service to other companies and organizations. Mr. Rowe had told the
commission in 1999 that a profitable computer services subsidiary would reduce pressure for
telephone rate increases. However, by the end of 2002 the subsidiary had yet to experience a
profitable month. Ms. Bradley felt only more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All accounts of Prestige Data Services were separated from those of Prestige Telephone, and each
paid the other for services received from the other.
From the start of operations of Prestige Data Services in 2000 there had been problems. Equipment
deliveries were delayed. Personnel had commanded higher salaries than expected. And most
important, customers were harder to find than earlier estimates had led the company to expect. By
the end of 2002, when income of Prestige Telephone was low enough to necessitate a report to
shareholders revealing the lowest return on investment in seven years, Rowe felt it was time to
reassess Prestige Data Services. Susan Bradley asked for more time, as she felt the subsidiary would
be profitable by March. But when the quarterly reports came (Exhibits 1 and 2), Rowe called
Bradley to arrange their meeting.
Rowe received two reports on operations of Prestige Data Services. The Summary of Computer
Utilization (Exhibit 1) summarized the use of available hours of computer time. Service was offered
to commercial customers 24 hours a day on weekdays and eight hours on Saturdays. Routine
maintenance of the computers was provided by an outside contractor who took the computer off line
for eight hours

WHY HAS HUAWEI BEEN SO SUCCESSFUL WHEN ENTERING
NEW...
Why has Huawei been so successful when entering new oversea market？
content
1. Introduction
At the beginning of the 21st century, it has shocked the world that Huawei technology, an IT
company from a developing country, China, has achieved great success in the international market
which has suppressed Nokia to be the second largest telecommunication company. Huawei is a
private company, which differs from other Chinese successful companies that were supported by the
government. It was established in 1988 in Shenzhen, Guangdong province. The company had a
tough beginning, and started selling imported products before they could manufacture them. It grew
rapidly by dominating global ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a result of this, the experience and wealth of expanding markets in developing countries had a
significant effect on the company when they prepared to enter western markets, which also made
themselves more confident, it was not easy to explore oversea countries for a company from a
developing country.
This suggests that restricted by world's major companies in domestic market, Huawei stepped into
international markets, while first entering developing countries had achieved success as people in
those countries experienced the same level of expenditure as China did.
2) Sideward–Crawl Crab Strategy
What is Sideward–Crawl Crab Strategy?
Sideward–Crawl Crab Strategy means encircling cities from the countryside, while the special
strategy was used by the Chinese army defended the emery to protect their homeland used the
strategy. It was firstly mentioned by the prime chairman Zedong Mao which during the war against
Japan's Aggression in the 1940s.
Huawei company learnt this special stagey in a business way, and Mr. Ren Zhengfei, a former
People's Liberation Army (PLA) officer, when they launched C&C digital telephone switch, Mr.
Ren's strategy in order to step into China's domestic market which was dominated by foreign MNEs,
followed the Chinese strategy "encircling cities from countryside", as the former chairman Zedong
Mao said, which is significantly efficient(Low, 2007).
Huawei stepped into the international market for the start of the long journey, and

Common Size Analysis Of Telenor Pakistan
Executive Summary Telenor Pakistan, is a well–known company in Pakistan, and not only in the
industry has it operated in. it has a large network of customers, and has been very successful in
Pakistan. Its human resource department is regarded as one of the best in the industry, and is not
only competing with Warid, or Mobilink. It is also competing with companies such as Unilever,
Nestles and British petroleum, in terms of talent and revenues. It believes in empowering societies,
and Telenor is working in the national interest of Pakistan, by educating those who are
underprivileged, through its corporate social responsibility program. Not only that, but it also goes
to well–known universities and help the graduating batches in their interview ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
5.1.6. Opportunities In Pakistan the major opportunity for them is to increase the market size and
cater tp the untapped markets. Approximately 80% of the population lives in the rural areas where
there they have no access to these connections. Apart from this they can even acquire another
existing cellular company. They can fill p the gaps in the markets which are due to the other
companies for example if they are not performing well on some criteria. So they can take an
advantage of those gaps and make profit on their losses. Various open doors exist in the voice
telecom space, which are fixated on getting the vital licenses and putting resources into the proper
framework. Various players have as of now started to put resources into the framework by acquiring
similar information and feature correspondence licenses and are presently in a position to adventure
the voice market. This not the slightest bit restricts new participants to enter the business but instead
gives obtaining and combining open doors. 5.1.7.

AT&T Telephone Company Essay
AT&T
The AT+T Corporation, formerly known as The American Telephone and
Telegraph Company, was incorporated on March 3, 1885 in New York as a wholly owned subsidiary
of The American Bell Telephone Company. Its original purpose was to manage and expand the
burgeoning toll (long distance) business of
American Bell and its licensees. It continued as the long distance company until December 30, 1899
when it assumed the business and property of American
Bell and became the parent company of the Bell System. For most of its history, the company
functioned as a legally sanctioned, regulated monopoly. No competition was apparent until the
1970's. Since the break up in 1984, AT+T has become the largest telecommunications company in
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With 2.3 million share owners, AT+T is the most widely held stock in the United States.
AT+T has an Environmental Responsibility and they follow through on it.
They take precautions and do not want to mess up the environment any more than it has already
been. AT+T's strong commitment to have good environmental performance has to start with
environmental goals that call for phaseout of CFC emissions from manufacturing operations. Also,
they would like to eliminate reportable toxic air emissions. They have already increased recycling of
waste paper and in the use of paper. Their progress is a key to their responsibility.
The figures I found are as follows. The factories have virtually eliminated all
CFC emissions. They have reduced reportable toxic air emissions by 92 percent.
Also, they have reduced manufacturing waste by 49 percent. The company is recycling 63 percent of
its wastepaper that computes to forty–eight billion pounds annually and has increased its use of
recycled paper significantly. It has been reducing paper consumption by 25 percent since 1990.
AT+T is also responsible for their employees' conditions in the workplace. In reviewing information
about the company, I feel they do an excellent job. They provide something called E,H&S. This
is an Environment,
Health & Safety organization dedicated to creating a safe and healthy workplace for the
employees of AT+T. This is

How Did Alexander Graham Bell Contribute To The Discovery...
Alexander Graham Bell was born on March 3rd, 1847. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. He
went to Edinburgh Royal High School when he was eleven years old. Bell had left school when he
was fifteen, he never actually graduated. He also attended the University of London for college but
his time in college was cut short due to him and his family moving to Canada in the 1870s also
causing him to not fully graduate from college as well. They left to Canada because they had lost
two children to tuberculosis already. They thought that the only way they could keep Bell from
getting tuberculosis and losing him to it as well they had to leave their home in England. When he
was younger he was really into learning about the world. This leads him to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Graham Bell had found a way to send a simple current. He had received a patent for the invention
on March 7th, 1876. Five days after he had found a way to send a simple current through a piece of
wire he had actually found a way to send actual speech. He had talked through a telephone speaking
to his assistance, Thomas A. Watson, in another room. That was the time the now famous words
"Mr. Watson, come here. I need you." was said. The most valuable patent that has ever been issued
is actually the patent for the telephone. Bell gets a lot of the credit for inventing the telephone but
there are also a bunch of other people that contributed to the process of inventing it. Graham Bell
was the first to patent the invention of the telephone though. It as a very confusing thing to deal
with. It was a confusing collection of counterclaims and claims. It was made even more confusing
with the lawsuit trying to resolve the patent claims of many individuals. Bell's grandfather, father,
and his brother had all been associated with work on speech and elocution. Both his wife and his
mother were deaf. Therefore, Graham Bell was engaged in teaching teachers how to instruct deaf
people that didn't know how to talk how to speak, as well as experimenting with Leon Scott
photography in recording the vibration of speech while he was a professor of Vocal Philosopher at
Boston University. Also, when he

Matav Case Study Essays
Strategic Crossroads at Matav: Hungary's Telecom Powerhouse
Assignment 1
What is Matav's Strategy? Has it been successful?
Matav, being the Hungarian Telecommunications Powerhouse, had secured their foothold in most of
the communications market in Hungary, including business services, residential services, Internet
and Mobile. Their parent company Deutsche Telekom wanted them to remain an integrated
telecommunications company. Since their objectives were laid out in front of them, they were facing
a stagnant fixed mobile market in Hungary with the only scope of expansion being the broadband
market. So their primary focus was on competitive response to the core customer base, consolidating
financial performance, increasing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Matav is a telecommunications powerhouse. It has the infrastructure, the ability, the foresight and
the manpower to match any competition the foreign companies can offer.
Matav is a well–established integrated communications company and has footholds in all the four
markets of residential, business, internet and mobile. They already have a lot of customer market in
the Hungarian environment. Familiarity with the local policies, business and customers makes
Matav even more powerful when it comes to dealing with competition. It could add additional
services by implementing new technologies on the current infrastructure to the current customer
base and could also attract a lot of customers by giving bundled service like fixed and mobile or
fixed and internet together.
Do Matav's international expansion plans make sense? Why?
Matav was taken over by a European Telecommunications giant. The line was clear. Since the
domestic market was completely overwhelmed by Matav, the only logical place to expand further
was another European company. Matav is already an integrated telecommunications powerhouse.
There is no new market it can create or develop within its own country to sustain development for it.
There has to be competition and scope for expansion by introducing new technology into third
world countries. This is very attractive when offered at a lower price than your local provider.
Matav's international plans make sense to me for precisely

CASE: Paul Cronan and New England Telephone Company (A)...
CASE: Paul Cronan and New England Telephone Company (A)
I. LEGAL CASE ANALYSIS
A. Facts
Paul Cronan was hired by New England Telephone (NET) in 1973 as a file clerk. In 1983 he was
promoted to service technician. He worked in Needham, Massachusetts for 18 months before
transferring to South Boston, Massachusetts. In 1985, Cronan suffered from medical symptoms due
to AIDS–related complex (ARC), and missed work sporadically for 6 months. In June, 1985 Cronan
requested a third leave of absence from work for a doctor's appointment. Cronan's supervisor,
Charles O'Brian, demanded to know the nature of the illness, and assured him that the information
would be kept confidential. Cronan informed O'Brian that the illness was ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These policies stated that AIDS was to be treated as any other illness and an employee diagnosed
with AIDS may return to work if he is not disabled. The policies were unanimously approved by
management and added to the corporate policy handbooks. No formal dissemination of these
policies to the rank and file workers was made.
In June 1986, Cronan was informed that his illness benefits had ceased and he was now only entitled
to long term disability payments, having effectively been terminated from NET. Due to financial
hardships, Cronan and NET came to a settlement agreement in October 1986. Cronan was reinstated
in his job and transferred to the Needham, Massachusetts facility. The financial details remained
sealed.
Immediately upon his return to work at Needham, Cronan was subjected to harassment and hostility
from the coworkers. The workers filed a union grievance stating that the reinstatement of Cronan
violated their safety and health agreement in their labor contract. The next day the coworkers
refused to be in contact with Cronan and 29 workers staged a walk–out.
B. Critical Legal Issues
1. Privacy – Cronan's privacy may have been violated when the news of his medical condition was
revealed to the line management and subsequently to the coworkers.

2. Discrimination – Cronan's diagnosis of AIDS could conceivably fall under the category of a
disability, therefore the treatment he received from NET and the coworkers could

Taking a Look at Customer Satisfaction
Customer satisfaction.
According to previous studies, it shows that customer satisfaction is important to company because
customer satisfaction will lead to customer loyalty which will result to company profitability
(Hallowell, 1996). Customers evaluation of the product and service received will depend on the
performance of the company. High evaluation will come as a result of high performance and if
performance will be equal or above customer expectation, a customer will be satisfied. But"Any
discrepancy leads to disconfirmation, i.e. positive disconfirmation increases or maintains
satisfaction and negative disconfirmation creates dissatisfaction" (Tor & Bodil, 1998). Satisfaction
comes when customer has a belief on the services delivered to they are superior and of higher
quality, that they will not be able to get those services from any mobile operators' services than the
same company they are using now.. Because Satisfaction, it will triggers purchase. And repeated
purchase and loyal customer will repurchase from the same mobile operators' services (Gerpott,
Rams & Schindler, 2000). The satisfaction will come when perceived value exceeds his
expectations. Perceived value is the benefits customers got from the services offered by service
provider and is compared with the price a customer paid to get the products or services from the
company. If the perceived value is below customers' expectations, customer is not being satisfied
with the service delivery and his

Introduction And Background Of Mobile Money Essay
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
1.1 Background to the Problem
Mobile money is the money stored using the Subscriber Identity Module in a mobile phone as an
identifier as opposed to an account number in conventional banking. Notational equivalent is the
value issued by Money Network Operator and is kept in a value account on the SIM within the
mobile phone that is also used to transmit, transfer or payment instructions, while corresponding
cash value is safely in a bank. The balance on the value account can be accessed via the mobile
phone, which is also used to transmit instant transfer or payment instructions.
M–Pesa is a mobile phone–based money transfer, financing and microfinancing service, launched in
2007 and 2008 by Vodafone for Safaricom and Vodacom, the largest mobile network operators in
Kenya and Tanzania respectively. M–Pesa allows users to deposit, withdraw, transfer money and pay
for goods and services (Lipa na M–Pesa) easily with a mobile device.
Mobile money services in Tanzania and Kenya emerged when there were no laws governing
National Payment Systems for mobile payments and there was no adequate regulation of mobile
payments.
Mobile phone companies in Tanzania are regulated by the Tanzania Communication Regulatory
Authority, which was established by the Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority Act and the
Electronic Postal Communication( Licencing) Regulations. The main function of these two bodies,
in relation to

Prestige Telephone Company
|
Prestige Data Service
2010 SUMMER
Executive Summary
To assist Prestige Telephone Company on making the decision of continue its subsidiary or not, this
report provides an analysis of Prestige Data Service (the subsidiary) on the status quo revenues and
costs, a prediction on its break even situation, as well as possible options to increase profit.
The report has its limitations due to insufficient detailed information on both other revenues and
variable costs of Prestige Data Service. But under certain consumptions and calculation methods, as
applied in the report, we can still figure out the optimal solutions. Revenues, costs and profits are
expressed in terms of the company's output after analyzing the underlying relations ... Show more
Subjected to a limit of $82,000 intercompany revenue per month, Prestige Data Service can perform
maximum 205 hours service each month to its parent company. Commercial sales are billed at
$800/hour. Thus, the total revenue is,
R=400Qi + 800Qc+12,685
(Other revenue–––$12,685 from March; Qi–––intercompany hours; Qc–––commercial hours). If the
intercompany hours reach the capacity of 205 hours per month, then the revenue will be
800Qc+94,685.
Cost Analysis
Fixed Costs
Fixed costs (TFC) are costs that are not related to the amount of company's output. In the case
Prestige Data Service, fixed costs include all the cost associated with space, equipment, system
maintenance and development. Due to the lack of detailed information, materials, sales promotions
and corporate services will be treated as fixed costs. Under this circumstance, total fixed cost is
$201,656 (Exhibit 1).
Variable Costs
Prestige Data Service has two variable costs: operation wages (or salaries) and power expense.
However, both of them are quasi–fixed costs. This means that they have a fixed component and
partly depend on the total revenue hours. Operation wages (or salaries) consists of fixed salaries and
variable wages. Power expense is also a quasi–fixed expense which has monthly fixed power cost

and variable cost. Since we have high frequency cost and output data, we can use excel to figure out
relatively

Internatioal Management Case Study: Metro Cash & Carry
Metro Cash and Carry has enjoyed competitive advantages in multiple areas. MCC has benefited
from being business unit of Metro Group, the world 's third largest retailer, which has provided
ample sources of financing to the company. MCC introduced the C&C business model to the world,
efficiently controlling operational costs by targeting small and medium–sized enterprises (SMEs).
SMEs larger volume purchase habits leads to higher sales, lower cost and larger profit margin per
customer for MCC. Second, the MCC's cash only policy eliminates default risk credit card fees –
minimizing risk. Third, customers of MCC handle shipping themselves, liberating the company
from labor, vehicles and customer service. Last, a customer has to register ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Second, the JV would allow MCC the local access and data in choosing store sites and promotion.
Data on choosing sites is critical due to the difference in India's regional cities and occasionally high
land costs. Local knowledge will help speed up the two year timeframe that MCC currently takes to
pick sites in India. Also, an Indian partner could assist in using local languages to communicate
MCC's value, thereby avoiding entry backlash from the population.
Finally, the JV would help provide political backing – which has been a big challenge to overcome
in India with duel power between the central government controlling FDI and the state government
controlling agricultural marketing. The main issue is to allow MCC the right to purchase directly
from farmers – a 70% vegetarian Indian population makes produce an important part of the Indian
operations. Also, local backing allows MCC to use its resources elsewhere instead of constantly
having to fight to maintain wholesaler status.
There are other alternative modes of entry that MCC may consider. Franchising would limit the
large amount of capital investment and risk but also may cause the company to lose quality control
achieved gains through the experience curve or location

Marketing Project 1
Running head: AT&T Marketing Project 1 1 AT&T Marketing Project 1 William Demarest Baker
College Author Note William Demarest, Marketing Major Student, Baker College Correspondence
concerning this article should be addressed to William Demarest, Baker College, 17710 Floral St,
Livonia, MI 48152. Email:wdemarest@hotmail.com Running head: AT&T Marketing Project 1 2
Abstract AT&T is the 2nd largest cellular company in the U.S. today. While there are several
competitors in the telecommunications industry, the company's largest competitor however, is
Verizon wireless. AT&T has several services in its portfolio, to include, wireless cellular service, ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The use of this type of promotion will be a sliding scale discount to ensure long contract lengths
thereby maximizing profitability. Running head: AT&T Marketing Project 1 5 References: (n.d.).
Citing Websites. Leichtman Research Group. Retrieved June 29, 2013, from
http://www.leichtmanresearch.com/research/notes04_2012.pdf (n.d.). Citing Websites. In Fortune
500. Retrieved June 29, 2013, from http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/ DeCarlo,
S. Citing Websites. (4/17/2013). In The World's Biggest Companies. Retrieved June 29, 2013, from
http://www.forbes.com/sites/scottdecarlo/2013/04/17/the–worlds–biggest–companies–2/ (n.d.).
Citing Websites. In Grading the top 10 U.S. carriers in the fourth quarter of 2012.
http://www.fiercewireless.com/special–reports/grading–top–10–us–carriers–fourth–quarter–2012?
utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss Running head: AT&T Marketing Project 1 (n.d.). Citing
Websites. Money.CNN.com. From
http://money.cnn.com/2011/03/23/technology/sprint_verizon/index.htm From: Johnston S. (2009),
Citing Website. OmniGroup's. Retrieved June 29 2013, From
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cloud_computing.svg Running head: AT&T Marketing Project 1
6 Table 1 US Cellular Market

Batelco Swot Analysis Paper
Introduction Purpose The aim of this report is to compare between communication networks in
Bahrain and to analyze one of them. Also focusing on business information, their objective,
structure and the business product or services offering. The report will cover the market Overview.
For instance, target market, marketing objectives, competitor profile and marketing strategy and
marketing mix. Other thing the report will show is the actions plan of marketing of the business,
where the SWOT analysis, the pricing strategy and sales and distributing channels. And supporting
each finding with it's collected data. Terms of Reference This report have been requested by Dr.
Rashed Al Jalahma based on the need ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In some cases consumer compare between their service provide and other service provider, they end
up changing into the service provider that offers the best for them.
The last marketing mix is the promotion, which is about advertisement, sales promotion, public
relation.
In advertisement Batelco spends and give lots of money and time for each advertising, because
advertising has a big impact on the consumers behavior and the result will be positive if the ads
were very creative and stands out from the competitors advertisements.
Public relations is when the staff of Batelco have a good manner to talk with the consumer, even if
the consumer is angry and not polite. The staff of Batelco reacts as a calm person and talks politely,
this good service will help to get loyal customers to the company and never change into other
competitor. Action plan of marketing
SWOT

Huawei : The World 's Biggest Telecommunications Company
1.0 Introduction
Many people in the West may have never heard of the Chinese brand called Huawei, but Huawei's
products have been all over the world. According to Huawei's official website, so far, about one–
third of the world's population in more than 170 countries and regions are using their products, and
45 of the world's top 50 telecom operators are also the customer of Huawei (Huawei.com). In the
UK, its customers include BT, Everything Everywhere, O2, Orange, TalkTalk, Virgin Media and
Sky (Anderson, 2012).
Huawei is the first Chinese brand to be included in the ranks of the top 100 best global brands,
according to Interbrand (Yueh, 2014). As the world 's biggest telecommunications company, the firm
provides information communications technology (ICT) solutions to all over the world, delivering
end–to–end solutions for telecom operators, consumers, and enterprises (Huawei.com).
The company officially incorporated by ex–military officer Ren Zhengfei and other 5 investors in
Shenzhen, in 1987, with the meagre registered capital of CNY 20,000 (Tian. T, Wu. C, 2014). In the
following decade, Huawei had generated about $250m for revenues, and established its first
research and development (R&D) centre in India, Sweden and the US year after year (Anderson. R,
2012). By the end of 2015, the company had already surpassed Ericsson in terms of revenues and
net profits as well as grown into a company of a 170,000 employees and an annual revenue of CNY
390 billion, marking a

How Did Alexander Graham Bell Affect Society
Alexander Graham Bell The telephone is one of the greatest inventions of all time. It allows people
to communicate with their friends and family no matter how far apart they are. All of that is thanks
to the inventor, Alexander Graham Bell who changed many lives and society today. Bell had an
interesting life aside from inventing. He was born on March 3rd, 1847. According to biography.com,
¨the middle name ¨Graham¨ was added when he was 10 years old¨ (¨Alexander Graham Bell
Biography¨). His father, Alexander Melville Bell encouraged him to try anything electrical while his
mother, Eliza Grace Symonds Bell, encouraged him to try challenging things. He had two brothers,
but they both died of tuberculosis. At seventy–five years old, Bell unfortunately died on August 2,
1922 in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada. Contributions from Bell helped people's lives in many
ways. He made the telephone and spoke the first message using it. According to the website
PBS.org, "Bell spoke the famous words: ¨'Watson –– come here –– I want you.'" Bell also invented
the photophone, where ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nowadays people can communicate from various places and travel freely with their phones if they
need to talk to people. Phones are a big necessity for people, and some people get anxious when
they don't have their phone with them, causing them to be addicted and dependent on their phone.
Now, many people feel the need to buy phones. According to the website Newsfeed.time.com, ¨out
of the world's estimated 7 billion people, 6 billion have access to mobile phones. Only 4.5 billion
have access to working toilets¨ (Wang). Although the telephone was a great invention, it also caused
problems with face to face communication since people are now used to texting and calling all the
time and do not know how to interact with people in person. Phones have majorly changed the way
people interact with each

Comparing The American Telephone And Telegraph Company AT & T
The electronic mail or in brief the email helps every individual in maintaining and balancing the
professional as well as personal life. The fastest mode of communication serves the consumers a
budget friendly way to communicate with the larger world. Around the world the finest and best
email service provider is AT&T. To be specific, American Telephone and Telegraph Company AT&T
is one of the largest American multinational companies. Discovered by Alexander Graham Bell,
AT&T in the recent years also serves best in providing email service in the name of AT&T email.
AT&T is a web–based free email service provider which has more than millions of users worldwide
which can be accessed anywhere without any trouble. However, users face trouble sometimes

Graham Bell Qualities
We live in the 21st Century, the age of scientific and technological advancements. One aspect of life
that humans take for granted is communication. When the word, "Phone" is said, the electronic
companies like "Apple", or "Samsung" automatically come to mind. Companies have attempted to
improve the phone for many years, and that is why modern–day telephones and cellular devices are
cosmetically sleek, futuristic, and more advanced than ever before. Steve Jobs was behind the
lucrative company Apple Inc., but who was behind the actual telephone? The man who invented a
device that would change the world forever, that man was Alexander Graham Bell. Alexander was
an inventor, scientist, and entrepreneur. He invented the first practical telephone; a device that
enabled people to communicate with one another more efficiently. Alexander Graham Bell
possessed the four traits that led him to be a successful and prosperous entrepreneur; his character
consisted of passion, patience, resilience, and trustworthiness.
Passion
Alexander Graham Bell was determined and passionate about communication at a young age. He
was the son of a hearing impaired mother, and a father who was an elocution professor. He was so
fascinated and intrigued by people who were deaf; he began working as a teacher at a school for the
hearing impaired. However, Alexander lived in the time of the Victorian Era where there were
railways, steamboats, and expansions of cities due to immigration. In this age, the

Salem Telephone Company And The State Public Service...
Salem Data Services was established after an agreement was reached between Salem Telephone
Company and the state Public Service Commission. Salem Data Service is a computer data service,
which performs data processing for Salem Telephone Company. They also sell computer services to
other companies and organizations. Since Salem Telephone company was a regulated utility it drove
the need for Salem Data Services to be a separate entity since it was an unregulated utility. Even
though Salem Data Services had its pros the separate entity was a drain on Salem Telephone
Company since it had not produced a profit from 2001 to the current year during the case study of
2004. Salem Data Services encountered many typical problems that new organizations face when
getting started. They did however work through these problems and by the end of 2003 had solved
and overcame most of their problems. Even though most of the problems Salem Data Services faced
were overcome it still did not positively impact the profits of 2003. In 2003, income for Salem
Telephone produced the lowest return on investment for their shareholders in seven years. Salem
Data Services' drain on Salem Telephone Company was a large reason for this. Key Information
Once Salem Telephone Company shared their income report with their shareholders showing the
lowest return on investment in Seven years Peter Flores, the president of Salem Telephone
Company, call a meeting with Cynthia Wu manager of Salem Data Services.

Organizational Behavior Concepts Of AT&T Essay
AT& T is the largest communications company in the world. The company is the leading U.S.
provider of wireless, high speed Internet access, local and long distance voice, and directory
publishing and advertising services. They have even expanded to include entertainment with
television services called UVERSE TV. With the many accomplishments of this media giant its
portrayal of evidenced practice of some successful organizational behavior concepts reveal clear
understanding of leadership. AT & T has proven success through effective organizational behaviors
that include focusing on organizational structure, organizational culture and communication.
Organization culture is the matter that holds a company intact. This is what makes each ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2006)
Among America's "Top Companies for Minorities" by The Diversity Network and Fortune
magazine. (2006)
Among "50 Top Employers for Minorities" by Fortune magazine. (2005)
Among the "Top 50 Companies for Hispanics" by Hispanic Business magazine. (2005 – 2006)
Among "America's Top Corporations for Women's Business Enterprises" by the Women's Business
Enterprise National Council. (1999 – 2006)
The company's philosophy is to provide employees with continued opportunities to grow and
develop their careers. Management is charged with successful implementation of various diversity
initiatives as part of this philosophy. AT&T leaders are expected to understand the importance of
cultural competency. AT&T is an organization that has a culture of people oriented practices.
Employees are not expected to deliver extraordinary results with an ordinary culture. AT & T clearly
recognizes and acknowledges that employees are the key to success. The invitation to apply for
employment on the company's web site indicates the value of employees identified by management.
"Realizing that talented, dedicated people are key to a company's success, AT&T employees receive
a competitive benefits package that provides security, value and protection. AT&T's benefits are
designed to help employees reach their career objectives and their personal goals" (AT&T .com).
Contests and activities are just two examples of how the company ensures their culture meets
expectations.

Salem Telephone Company
1. „Revenue hours" represent the key activity that drives costs at Salem Data Services. Which
expenses in Exhibit 2 are variable with respect to revenue hours? Which expenses are fixed with
respect to revenue hours?
Expenses
Spase costs:
Rent Fixed cost1
Custodial services Fixed cost2
Equipment costs
Computer leases Fixed cost3
Maintenance Fixed cost4
Depreciation:
Computer equipment Fixed cost5
Office equipment and fixtures Fixed cost5
Power Variable cost6
Wages and salaries
Operations: salaried staff Fixed cost7
Operations: hourly personnel Variable cost8
Systems development and maintenance Fixed cost9
Administration Fixed cost10
Sales Fixed cost10
Sales promotion Fixed cost11
Corporate services Fixed cost11 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Assuming the intracompany demand for service will average 205 hours per month, what level of
commercial revenue hours of computer use would be necessary to break even each month.
First of all I have to calculate the portion that the intracompany sales cover of the fixed costs. Sale
revenue per Unit (a) $ 400.00
Variable cost per Unit (b) $ 28.70 Intracompany sales (a x 205) $ 82,000.00
Variable costs (b x 205) ($ 5,883.50)
Contribution margin $ 76,116.50
How I can see from the Exhibit the intracompany sales of hours give me a contribution margin from
$ 76,116.50, which means that they are covering this amount of the fixed cost.

Total fixed cost $ 212,939.00
Fixed cost covered by intracompany sales ($ 76,116.50)
Fixed cost remaining $ 136,822.5
To reach break–even I need to

History Of Telephone

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