International Journal of Education (IJE) is a Quarterly peer-reviewed and refereed open access journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Educatioan. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of Educational research.
The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on Educational advancements, and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Education.
This document outlines the course material for a Pedagogy of Geography course. It includes 5 units covering the aims and objectives of teaching geography, planning instruction, teaching skills, methods of teaching geography, and resources for teaching geography. The first unit defines geography, discusses its nature and scope, and lists the aims and objectives of teaching geography in schools. Geography is defined as the study of the earth, its features, inhabitants and phenomena. The objectives include developing students' understanding of geography concepts and principles, and broadening their outlook. The need and significance of teaching geography is to promote intellectual development and a knowledge of the world.
This document provides an overview of geography as an academic discipline. It begins by defining geography as the study of the earth's physical features and human systems. It then covers various key concepts in geography like place, space, environment, interconnection, sustainability, scale and change. The document also discusses the history and evolution of geography as a field of study. It outlines the key elements of geography and discusses the relationships between geography and other social sciences. Finally, it provides descriptions of the sub-disciplines of physical geography and human geography.
This document discusses geography as an academic discipline. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Geography integrates knowledge from natural and social sciences to study spatial variations and relationships between physical environments and human activities. It examines phenomena based on location ("where"), patterns ("what"), and causal relationships ("why") to understand interactions between nature and humans over time and space. As an integrating discipline, geography uses a holistic approach to synthesize data from fields like geology, meteorology, history, economics and sociology to comprehend different aspects of reality from a spatial perspective.
Geography is the study of the Earth and the relationship between humans and their environments. It examines both the physical features of the Earth's surface and the cultural, social, and economic activities of human populations in different regions. Geography aims to understand patterns on Earth by analyzing the interactions between natural phenomena and human activities over space and time.
This document provides an overview of geography as a field of study. It discusses geography's focus on the human habitat and its relation to the lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. Geography is defined as the study of the lands, features, inhabitants and phenomena of Earth. It incorporates aspects of natural science, social science and humanities. The document also describes methods in geography like observation, description, analysis and mapping. Natural resources are defined as material things on Earth that are not man-made, and geography studies their use and influence on development.
Reflective Essay About Geography
5 Themes Of Geography Essay
How Culture Influence Geography
Ap Human Geography Unit 1 Study Guide
5 Themes Of Geography Study Guide
A Career in Geograpy Essay
Importance Of Geography Essay
Geography : The Five Themes Of Geography
Geography : History And Geography
Human Geography Essay
Descriptive Essay About Geography
Geography And The World Of Geography
Impact Of Geography
Geography lesson 1 Essay
Does Geography Matter? Essay
Geography Essay
Geography as a Science Essay examples
Global Issues In Gcse Geography
What Is Environmental Geography? Essay
Importance Of Geography Essay
The Perspective and Association of Geography with Environment and Societypaperpublications3
Abstract: The study examines the relationship of the discipline of Geography with conceptual terms of Environment and society. Geography is seen as a spatial science, majorly concerned with spatial analysis, of how and why things differ from place to place and how observable spatial pattern evolved through time on the surface of the earth. The study adopts a survey of literature as its methodology. It is observable that every society has its individual physical and cultural attributes that distinguishing it from other societies; thus giving it unique character, potential and location. And it is found that in society cultural traits are more pronounced in changing the natural phenomena of the environment. The Environment is better understood when broken to its component: atmosphere, hydrosphere lithosphere and biosphere. Environment has all that is needed to sustain the society and all that is required for life sustenance. It provides the setting with which human action occurs, its shapes but not dictate, how people live in the society as well as their resource base. However, how resources are perceived and utilized is culturally conditioned in society. And virtually every human activity leaves its imprint on the environment. Environment and society form the laboratory for geographic operation. And its spheres form the space which is the major concern in geography and the concept of society introduces the important factor of culture which greatly has direct impact on the environment. The socio-cultural content of the society is influenced by the environment where it locates and the society modifies the content of the environment. There are interconnection between the environment and society which purposely produces spatial patterns with their hidden mechanism of spatial process, accessibility and connectively in addition to idea of location and distance. Advance level of interaction has produced globalization which has accelerated greater spatial diffusion of idea and material resources in the world. The major role of geography is to ensure harmonious spatial organization and inter relationship between and among societies on one hand and between society and its environment on the other. Thus, this is being pursued in geography through its traditions: Earth science, cultural-environment, the location (space), the areal analysis and various paradigms and spatial techniques. It is therefore recommended that for speedy development in developing nations particularly at combating the myriad of environmental challenges and appropriate exploitation and utilization of environmental resources, the spatial tool should be adopted as contained in the discipline of Geography.
Geography examines the relations and interactions between humans and the environment. While geography was once focused on describing various places and objects, it now studies the forms and meanings that emerge from the relationships between environmental objects. Geography exists in the space between other fields that have "shared" the objects of nature and environment. It is concerned with the conditions of existence and unity of places, like mathematics examines the power that holds atomic nuclei together. Modern geography creates imagined maps and systems to frame ideas rather than describe physical spaces.
This document outlines the course material for a Pedagogy of Geography course. It includes 5 units covering the aims and objectives of teaching geography, planning instruction, teaching skills, methods of teaching geography, and resources for teaching geography. The first unit defines geography, discusses its nature and scope, and lists the aims and objectives of teaching geography in schools. Geography is defined as the study of the earth, its features, inhabitants and phenomena. The objectives include developing students' understanding of geography concepts and principles, and broadening their outlook. The need and significance of teaching geography is to promote intellectual development and a knowledge of the world.
This document provides an overview of geography as an academic discipline. It begins by defining geography as the study of the earth's physical features and human systems. It then covers various key concepts in geography like place, space, environment, interconnection, sustainability, scale and change. The document also discusses the history and evolution of geography as a field of study. It outlines the key elements of geography and discusses the relationships between geography and other social sciences. Finally, it provides descriptions of the sub-disciplines of physical geography and human geography.
This document discusses geography as an academic discipline. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Geography integrates knowledge from natural and social sciences to study spatial variations and relationships between physical environments and human activities. It examines phenomena based on location ("where"), patterns ("what"), and causal relationships ("why") to understand interactions between nature and humans over time and space. As an integrating discipline, geography uses a holistic approach to synthesize data from fields like geology, meteorology, history, economics and sociology to comprehend different aspects of reality from a spatial perspective.
Geography is the study of the Earth and the relationship between humans and their environments. It examines both the physical features of the Earth's surface and the cultural, social, and economic activities of human populations in different regions. Geography aims to understand patterns on Earth by analyzing the interactions between natural phenomena and human activities over space and time.
This document provides an overview of geography as a field of study. It discusses geography's focus on the human habitat and its relation to the lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. Geography is defined as the study of the lands, features, inhabitants and phenomena of Earth. It incorporates aspects of natural science, social science and humanities. The document also describes methods in geography like observation, description, analysis and mapping. Natural resources are defined as material things on Earth that are not man-made, and geography studies their use and influence on development.
Reflective Essay About Geography
5 Themes Of Geography Essay
How Culture Influence Geography
Ap Human Geography Unit 1 Study Guide
5 Themes Of Geography Study Guide
A Career in Geograpy Essay
Importance Of Geography Essay
Geography : The Five Themes Of Geography
Geography : History And Geography
Human Geography Essay
Descriptive Essay About Geography
Geography And The World Of Geography
Impact Of Geography
Geography lesson 1 Essay
Does Geography Matter? Essay
Geography Essay
Geography as a Science Essay examples
Global Issues In Gcse Geography
What Is Environmental Geography? Essay
Importance Of Geography Essay
The Perspective and Association of Geography with Environment and Societypaperpublications3
Abstract: The study examines the relationship of the discipline of Geography with conceptual terms of Environment and society. Geography is seen as a spatial science, majorly concerned with spatial analysis, of how and why things differ from place to place and how observable spatial pattern evolved through time on the surface of the earth. The study adopts a survey of literature as its methodology. It is observable that every society has its individual physical and cultural attributes that distinguishing it from other societies; thus giving it unique character, potential and location. And it is found that in society cultural traits are more pronounced in changing the natural phenomena of the environment. The Environment is better understood when broken to its component: atmosphere, hydrosphere lithosphere and biosphere. Environment has all that is needed to sustain the society and all that is required for life sustenance. It provides the setting with which human action occurs, its shapes but not dictate, how people live in the society as well as their resource base. However, how resources are perceived and utilized is culturally conditioned in society. And virtually every human activity leaves its imprint on the environment. Environment and society form the laboratory for geographic operation. And its spheres form the space which is the major concern in geography and the concept of society introduces the important factor of culture which greatly has direct impact on the environment. The socio-cultural content of the society is influenced by the environment where it locates and the society modifies the content of the environment. There are interconnection between the environment and society which purposely produces spatial patterns with their hidden mechanism of spatial process, accessibility and connectively in addition to idea of location and distance. Advance level of interaction has produced globalization which has accelerated greater spatial diffusion of idea and material resources in the world. The major role of geography is to ensure harmonious spatial organization and inter relationship between and among societies on one hand and between society and its environment on the other. Thus, this is being pursued in geography through its traditions: Earth science, cultural-environment, the location (space), the areal analysis and various paradigms and spatial techniques. It is therefore recommended that for speedy development in developing nations particularly at combating the myriad of environmental challenges and appropriate exploitation and utilization of environmental resources, the spatial tool should be adopted as contained in the discipline of Geography.
Geography examines the relations and interactions between humans and the environment. While geography was once focused on describing various places and objects, it now studies the forms and meanings that emerge from the relationships between environmental objects. Geography exists in the space between other fields that have "shared" the objects of nature and environment. It is concerned with the conditions of existence and unity of places, like mathematics examines the power that holds atomic nuclei together. Modern geography creates imagined maps and systems to frame ideas rather than describe physical spaces.
This document provides definitions and overviews of geography. It begins by defining geography as the study of the Earth, including its physical features and human patterns. It then outlines the major branches of geography, including physical geography, human geography, and interface geography. Several purposes of geography are discussed, such as determining patterns and using techniques to solve world problems. The document concludes by discussing the material and field scopes of geography and providing examples of geography-related careers like cartographer, environmental consultant, and town planner.
This document provides an overview of the field of geography. It begins with definitions of geography from various scholars, emphasizing it is the study of Earth's features and their spatial variations. The major branches of geography are then outlined, including physical geography, human geography, and interface geography. A few purposes and scopes of geography are discussed, highlighting its role in understanding patterns and solving world problems. Several career paths in geography are briefly described, such as cartographer, environmental consultant, and town planner.
NATURE AND SCOPE OF GEOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHY AS.pptxdebutapaparichha
Nature and Scope Of Geography And Geography As a Natural and Social Science. Nature Of Geography .Scope of Geography.
Geography as a Natural Science. Geography as a Social science. Definitions of Geography.
diagram of geography as natural and social science.
last part is conclusion.
ONLY FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE.
This document provides an overview of geography as an academic discipline. It discusses geography's origins and definitions, noting that geography literally means "description of the Earth." It describes geography as the study of spatial variations and relationships between physical and human phenomena on Earth. Geography integrates data from natural and social sciences to understand these phenomena and their interactions over space and time. Geography is an integrating discipline that studies patterns of distribution and seeks to explain them through understanding relationships and processes of change.
IMPLEMENTING A LANDSCAPE EDUCATIONAL PROJECT AMONG GREEK PUPILS: VALUABLE LES...ijejournal
This paper presents and assesses the implementation of a landscape educational project for schoolchildren in Greece, where landscape awareness is inadequate. Specifically, the project was implemented in a sample of 239 kindergarten, first-grade and sixth-grade primary school children, in different regions of Greece. Children's emotional, behavioural and cognitive relationship with the landscape was first evaluated, through an in-depth questionnaire. Next, children participated in a series of interactive experiential activities, for the purposes of awareness-raising and familiarization with the landscape. Finally, the project's efficiency was evaluated through another questionnaire, building on the initial one. Following the project's implementation, children's landscape conceptualizations and behavioral interrelations with it appear broadened and nuanced with age. However, deeply-rooted cultural views about the landscape seem to persist in the children’s emotional rapport with their landscapes, notwithstanding the fact that such educational projects ought to be adjusted to the their specific spatio-temporal and cultural contexts
SOC 2010, Cultural Geography 1 Course Learning Outajoy21
SOC 2010, Cultural Geography 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Discuss key concepts in human geography.
1.1 Identify different types of regions.
1.2 Identify different types of spatial diffusion.
1.3 Recognize key terms describing human geographical concepts involving space, place, region,
and culture.
2. Discuss the impact of globalization on society.
2.1 Discuss security risks of globalization.
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
1.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 1
Unit I Assessment
1.2
Unit Lesson
Chapter 1
Unit I Assessment
1.3
Unit Lesson
Videos in Unit Lesson
Chapter 1
Chapter 2, pp. 30-32
Unit I Assessment
2.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 1
Article: “Technology and National Security: The United States at a Critical
Crossroads”
Unit I Assessment
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 1: What is Human Geography?
Chapter 2: Globalization and Cultural Geography, pp. 30–32
In order to access the following resource, click the link below.
Kadtke, J., & Wharton, J. (2018). Technology and national security: The United States at a critical crossroads.
Defense Horizons, (84), 1–8.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direc
t=true&db=tsh&AN=128867940&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Unit Lesson
Welcome to the Unit I Lesson. This lesson will highlight and expand upon some of the major concepts
presented in the Unit I readings on human geographic concepts and how globalization connects to
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
Introduction to Human Geography
and Globalization
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=tsh&AN=128867940&site=ehost-live&scope=site
SOC 2010, Cultural Geography 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
human geography. The lesson will contain examples, questions to think about, and videos to help explain
this unit’s material.
What is Human Geography?
When you think of the word geography, you often think of a map or globe. Geography is much more than just
maps. Geography has two main branches. The first is physical geography, which focuses on environmental
dynamics. The second is human geography. Greiner (2018) defines human geography as “a branch of
geography centered on the study of people, places, spatial variation in human activities, and the relationship
between people and the environment” (p. 2). For this class, we will focus on human geography.
Human Geographic Concept of Cultural Ecology: Past and Present Approaches
An important part of the study of human geography is cultural ecology. This is the study of the relationship
between the natural environment and culture. We will study this more in Unit IV. The course textbook
presents several approaches in the study of cultural ecology to explain the relationship between nature and
man. These include environment ...
Gender-Based Perception and Appraisal of Geography Education By Students in M...iosrjce
Geography is the core of human civilization. It manifests in cultures, trades, music, traditions, trades
science and technology among many other attributes. Geography has played important roles in human
endeavour to reach out into the unknown. Therefore, students’ perception on Geography Education in
Malaysian secondary schools was considered and studied with emphasis on gender-based reactions. The data
on the details of Geography curricula for secondary schools in the study areas were obtained from relevant
Government agencies while data for students’ perception were obtained with the aid of structured
questionnaires. Analyses of the data obtained revealed that students generally have interest in Geography in its
various forms and their awareness in the prospects in Geography as a profession. However, the policy that
positioned Geography to be among the elective subjects, inadequate teaching materials, shortage of quality
Geography facilities and activities alongside the scope of various syllabi as well as methods of teaching have
translated into constrains, thereby leading to loss of interest in participatory learning of Geography as a
subject among students. It was suggested that adequate provision should be made to create awareness for the
importance of and for the prospects in Geography. Enhancement of teaching methods and facilities should be
primary while material and adequate financial aid should also be provided in all secondary schools. In the
conclusions of this study, the need for motivation and enlightenment of students on the relevance of Geography
in different career-choices along with its contribution to innovative technology, environmental development and
sustainability were cited as matter for concern as a matter of urgent needs.
Geography is the study of the Earth's landscapes, peoples, places, and environments. It bridges the social sciences and natural sciences. Geography uses a spatial perspective to observe, analyze, and understand anything distributed across Earth's space by mapping its location and investigating the underlying processes that led to its distribution in order to make predictions or propose solutions.
Human geography is the study of how humans interact with their environments and the relationships between people, place, and space over time. It focuses on patterns of human social interaction and how these relationships influence and are influenced by the natural environment. Human geography has a long history but grew in importance in the 18th and 19th centuries. It uses methods from social sciences and humanities to provide geographic analysis of topics like culture, economics, health, politics, population, transportation, and urbanization while applying geographic concepts of space, place, mobility, and nature. The scope of human geography is broad, examining how physical environments influence human societies and how human societies use and change the environments and landscapes in which they live.
Geography is the study of the Earth and its features. It aims to spatially and holistically synthesize how physical landscapes, environments, and human activities are interconnected. Geography can be approached systematically, by examining specific phenomena globally, or regionally, by focusing on individual areas. Key branches of physical geography include geomorphology, climatology, hydrology, and soil geography. These natural sciences inform the study of landforms, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Human geography also encompasses social, cultural, population, economic, historical, and political studies. Physical geography is important as it influences settlement patterns, industries, agriculture, and more.
Synthetical geography uses analysis and synthesis to present a complete picture of any geographic problem by analyzing relationships between phenomena such as climate, soils, rainfall, habitats, and ways of life. It focuses on localization of phenomena and uses maps to locate places and study locations. Man appropriates land for his benefit, developing and using it for activities like farming, fishing, herding, manufacturing. Geography studies land use and the relations between phenomena in a given space.
Geography is the study of the Earth including both physical features like landforms and bodies of water as well as human features like culture, settlements, and how humans impact the environment. It aims to help students understand their surroundings and promote awareness of both local and global ecosystems. Geography has two main divisions - physical geography which examines natural elements, and cultural geography which focuses on human aspects including demographics, economies, and political systems.
Geography means studying the Earth and its features, including:
- Physical features like landforms, bodies of water, climate, vegetation
- Human features like population distribution, land use, infrastructure, political boundaries
- The relationship between humans and the environment
- How the physical environment influences human activities and vice versa
- Spatial patterns on Earth's surface and reasons for why things are located where they are
What is Geography, Branches of Geography and Scope of Geography.Muhammad Saad
The basic purpose of this ppt Presentation is to understand the following main topics of geography in detail.
1. DEFINITION OF GEOGRAPHY
2. TWO MAIN BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY:
(PHYSICAL || HUMAN)
3. SUB-BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY
4. SCOPE OF GEOGRAPHY
(MATERIAL || FIELD)
..........That's all......Thank you.
Human geography is the study of the relationship between humans and the Earth's surface. It examines how humans interact with the environment and each other in various spatial contexts. The document outlines different perspectives on this relationship, including environmental determinism, possibilism, and neo-determinism. It also discusses fields within human geography like social, cultural, economic, and urban geography and how they relate to other social sciences.
Geography is the study of the Earth, including both physical features like landforms, climate, and water bodies, as well as human features like population distribution, cultural groups, economic activities, and transportation networks. It combines aspects of both the physical and social sciences. The field can be divided into physical geography, which examines the natural environment, and human geography, which focuses on human habitats and activities. Key developments in the discipline include the early Greeks who began systematic study, German and French geographers in the 18th-19th centuries who advocated for regional and scientific approaches, and modern subfields that examine topics like geomorphology, climatology, biogeography, and urbanization.
Geography is the study of Earth's landscapes, peoples, places and environments. It bridges the social sciences of human geography with the natural sciences of physical geography. Geography examines social and physical processes within contexts of places and regions, recognizing differences and links between cultures, economies, landscapes, and environments worldwide. Geography provides a framework for relating other fields of knowledge and helps people be more socially and environmentally sensitive citizens through travel and education about interconnections in the world.
Geography is the study of the Earth's surface and human-environment interactions. It has two main divisions: physical geography, which examines natural Earth features like landforms and climates, and human geography, which analyzes human impacts and activities like population distribution and economic production. Geography draws from multiple disciplines to understand the natural environment and human habitation patterns across space. It integrates aspects of the natural sciences by studying physical Earth systems, the social sciences by analyzing human societies and political systems, and the humanities through connections to art and culture. As a bridging field, geography occupies a unique and synthesizing position in human knowledge.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This document provides definitions and overviews of geography. It begins by defining geography as the study of the Earth, including its physical features and human patterns. It then outlines the major branches of geography, including physical geography, human geography, and interface geography. Several purposes of geography are discussed, such as determining patterns and using techniques to solve world problems. The document concludes by discussing the material and field scopes of geography and providing examples of geography-related careers like cartographer, environmental consultant, and town planner.
This document provides an overview of the field of geography. It begins with definitions of geography from various scholars, emphasizing it is the study of Earth's features and their spatial variations. The major branches of geography are then outlined, including physical geography, human geography, and interface geography. A few purposes and scopes of geography are discussed, highlighting its role in understanding patterns and solving world problems. Several career paths in geography are briefly described, such as cartographer, environmental consultant, and town planner.
NATURE AND SCOPE OF GEOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHY AS.pptxdebutapaparichha
Nature and Scope Of Geography And Geography As a Natural and Social Science. Nature Of Geography .Scope of Geography.
Geography as a Natural Science. Geography as a Social science. Definitions of Geography.
diagram of geography as natural and social science.
last part is conclusion.
ONLY FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE.
This document provides an overview of geography as an academic discipline. It discusses geography's origins and definitions, noting that geography literally means "description of the Earth." It describes geography as the study of spatial variations and relationships between physical and human phenomena on Earth. Geography integrates data from natural and social sciences to understand these phenomena and their interactions over space and time. Geography is an integrating discipline that studies patterns of distribution and seeks to explain them through understanding relationships and processes of change.
IMPLEMENTING A LANDSCAPE EDUCATIONAL PROJECT AMONG GREEK PUPILS: VALUABLE LES...ijejournal
This paper presents and assesses the implementation of a landscape educational project for schoolchildren in Greece, where landscape awareness is inadequate. Specifically, the project was implemented in a sample of 239 kindergarten, first-grade and sixth-grade primary school children, in different regions of Greece. Children's emotional, behavioural and cognitive relationship with the landscape was first evaluated, through an in-depth questionnaire. Next, children participated in a series of interactive experiential activities, for the purposes of awareness-raising and familiarization with the landscape. Finally, the project's efficiency was evaluated through another questionnaire, building on the initial one. Following the project's implementation, children's landscape conceptualizations and behavioral interrelations with it appear broadened and nuanced with age. However, deeply-rooted cultural views about the landscape seem to persist in the children’s emotional rapport with their landscapes, notwithstanding the fact that such educational projects ought to be adjusted to the their specific spatio-temporal and cultural contexts
SOC 2010, Cultural Geography 1 Course Learning Outajoy21
SOC 2010, Cultural Geography 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Discuss key concepts in human geography.
1.1 Identify different types of regions.
1.2 Identify different types of spatial diffusion.
1.3 Recognize key terms describing human geographical concepts involving space, place, region,
and culture.
2. Discuss the impact of globalization on society.
2.1 Discuss security risks of globalization.
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
1.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 1
Unit I Assessment
1.2
Unit Lesson
Chapter 1
Unit I Assessment
1.3
Unit Lesson
Videos in Unit Lesson
Chapter 1
Chapter 2, pp. 30-32
Unit I Assessment
2.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 1
Article: “Technology and National Security: The United States at a Critical
Crossroads”
Unit I Assessment
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 1: What is Human Geography?
Chapter 2: Globalization and Cultural Geography, pp. 30–32
In order to access the following resource, click the link below.
Kadtke, J., & Wharton, J. (2018). Technology and national security: The United States at a critical crossroads.
Defense Horizons, (84), 1–8.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direc
t=true&db=tsh&AN=128867940&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Unit Lesson
Welcome to the Unit I Lesson. This lesson will highlight and expand upon some of the major concepts
presented in the Unit I readings on human geographic concepts and how globalization connects to
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
Introduction to Human Geography
and Globalization
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=tsh&AN=128867940&site=ehost-live&scope=site
SOC 2010, Cultural Geography 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
human geography. The lesson will contain examples, questions to think about, and videos to help explain
this unit’s material.
What is Human Geography?
When you think of the word geography, you often think of a map or globe. Geography is much more than just
maps. Geography has two main branches. The first is physical geography, which focuses on environmental
dynamics. The second is human geography. Greiner (2018) defines human geography as “a branch of
geography centered on the study of people, places, spatial variation in human activities, and the relationship
between people and the environment” (p. 2). For this class, we will focus on human geography.
Human Geographic Concept of Cultural Ecology: Past and Present Approaches
An important part of the study of human geography is cultural ecology. This is the study of the relationship
between the natural environment and culture. We will study this more in Unit IV. The course textbook
presents several approaches in the study of cultural ecology to explain the relationship between nature and
man. These include environment ...
Gender-Based Perception and Appraisal of Geography Education By Students in M...iosrjce
Geography is the core of human civilization. It manifests in cultures, trades, music, traditions, trades
science and technology among many other attributes. Geography has played important roles in human
endeavour to reach out into the unknown. Therefore, students’ perception on Geography Education in
Malaysian secondary schools was considered and studied with emphasis on gender-based reactions. The data
on the details of Geography curricula for secondary schools in the study areas were obtained from relevant
Government agencies while data for students’ perception were obtained with the aid of structured
questionnaires. Analyses of the data obtained revealed that students generally have interest in Geography in its
various forms and their awareness in the prospects in Geography as a profession. However, the policy that
positioned Geography to be among the elective subjects, inadequate teaching materials, shortage of quality
Geography facilities and activities alongside the scope of various syllabi as well as methods of teaching have
translated into constrains, thereby leading to loss of interest in participatory learning of Geography as a
subject among students. It was suggested that adequate provision should be made to create awareness for the
importance of and for the prospects in Geography. Enhancement of teaching methods and facilities should be
primary while material and adequate financial aid should also be provided in all secondary schools. In the
conclusions of this study, the need for motivation and enlightenment of students on the relevance of Geography
in different career-choices along with its contribution to innovative technology, environmental development and
sustainability were cited as matter for concern as a matter of urgent needs.
Geography is the study of the Earth's landscapes, peoples, places, and environments. It bridges the social sciences and natural sciences. Geography uses a spatial perspective to observe, analyze, and understand anything distributed across Earth's space by mapping its location and investigating the underlying processes that led to its distribution in order to make predictions or propose solutions.
Human geography is the study of how humans interact with their environments and the relationships between people, place, and space over time. It focuses on patterns of human social interaction and how these relationships influence and are influenced by the natural environment. Human geography has a long history but grew in importance in the 18th and 19th centuries. It uses methods from social sciences and humanities to provide geographic analysis of topics like culture, economics, health, politics, population, transportation, and urbanization while applying geographic concepts of space, place, mobility, and nature. The scope of human geography is broad, examining how physical environments influence human societies and how human societies use and change the environments and landscapes in which they live.
Geography is the study of the Earth and its features. It aims to spatially and holistically synthesize how physical landscapes, environments, and human activities are interconnected. Geography can be approached systematically, by examining specific phenomena globally, or regionally, by focusing on individual areas. Key branches of physical geography include geomorphology, climatology, hydrology, and soil geography. These natural sciences inform the study of landforms, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Human geography also encompasses social, cultural, population, economic, historical, and political studies. Physical geography is important as it influences settlement patterns, industries, agriculture, and more.
Synthetical geography uses analysis and synthesis to present a complete picture of any geographic problem by analyzing relationships between phenomena such as climate, soils, rainfall, habitats, and ways of life. It focuses on localization of phenomena and uses maps to locate places and study locations. Man appropriates land for his benefit, developing and using it for activities like farming, fishing, herding, manufacturing. Geography studies land use and the relations between phenomena in a given space.
Geography is the study of the Earth including both physical features like landforms and bodies of water as well as human features like culture, settlements, and how humans impact the environment. It aims to help students understand their surroundings and promote awareness of both local and global ecosystems. Geography has two main divisions - physical geography which examines natural elements, and cultural geography which focuses on human aspects including demographics, economies, and political systems.
Geography means studying the Earth and its features, including:
- Physical features like landforms, bodies of water, climate, vegetation
- Human features like population distribution, land use, infrastructure, political boundaries
- The relationship between humans and the environment
- How the physical environment influences human activities and vice versa
- Spatial patterns on Earth's surface and reasons for why things are located where they are
What is Geography, Branches of Geography and Scope of Geography.Muhammad Saad
The basic purpose of this ppt Presentation is to understand the following main topics of geography in detail.
1. DEFINITION OF GEOGRAPHY
2. TWO MAIN BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY:
(PHYSICAL || HUMAN)
3. SUB-BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY
4. SCOPE OF GEOGRAPHY
(MATERIAL || FIELD)
..........That's all......Thank you.
Human geography is the study of the relationship between humans and the Earth's surface. It examines how humans interact with the environment and each other in various spatial contexts. The document outlines different perspectives on this relationship, including environmental determinism, possibilism, and neo-determinism. It also discusses fields within human geography like social, cultural, economic, and urban geography and how they relate to other social sciences.
Geography is the study of the Earth, including both physical features like landforms, climate, and water bodies, as well as human features like population distribution, cultural groups, economic activities, and transportation networks. It combines aspects of both the physical and social sciences. The field can be divided into physical geography, which examines the natural environment, and human geography, which focuses on human habitats and activities. Key developments in the discipline include the early Greeks who began systematic study, German and French geographers in the 18th-19th centuries who advocated for regional and scientific approaches, and modern subfields that examine topics like geomorphology, climatology, biogeography, and urbanization.
Geography is the study of Earth's landscapes, peoples, places and environments. It bridges the social sciences of human geography with the natural sciences of physical geography. Geography examines social and physical processes within contexts of places and regions, recognizing differences and links between cultures, economies, landscapes, and environments worldwide. Geography provides a framework for relating other fields of knowledge and helps people be more socially and environmentally sensitive citizens through travel and education about interconnections in the world.
Geography is the study of the Earth's surface and human-environment interactions. It has two main divisions: physical geography, which examines natural Earth features like landforms and climates, and human geography, which analyzes human impacts and activities like population distribution and economic production. Geography draws from multiple disciplines to understand the natural environment and human habitation patterns across space. It integrates aspects of the natural sciences by studying physical Earth systems, the social sciences by analyzing human societies and political systems, and the humanities through connections to art and culture. As a bridging field, geography occupies a unique and synthesizing position in human knowledge.
Similaire à International Journal of Education (IJE) (20)
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
International Journal of Education (IJE)
1. International Journal of Education (IJE) Vol.11, No.3, September 2023
DOI:10.5121/ije.2023.11303 27
FROM GEOGRAPHY TO GEO-SOCIETY THE NEED
FOR TRANSACTION IN THE GREEK STATE PUBLIC
SYSTEM
Marigoula Kosmidou
School of Education, Department of Primary Education
ABSTRACT
This article undertook to describe the transformation of Geography as teaching subject through the years
in Greece as well as the need of adaptation emerged from the New Era of digital evolution in everyday life.
Geography is an applied science that over the centuries has shown an evolution both in terms of the objects
of study and the way of studying the objects it deals with. Technological development has led its study from
the statics of the classroom, the map and the globe to the study of the use of digital tools and applications.
Societies have now become Geo-Information Societies gaining ground against those with mere knowledge
of geography. Citizens are now required to have specific skills and qualifications. Suppose linguistic and
mathematical literacy were historically requirements for membership in a community of the past. In that
case, digital literacy is generally accepted as the passport to the information society, and "belonging" to a
"GISociety" will require a particular set of elements of geospatial literacy.
KEYWORDS
Geography, Gisociety, Teaching, Digital, Literacy
1. INTRODUCTION
The science of geography is related to the study of the earth and the phenomena that take place
on it. It studies man's relationship to the earth, but also the phenomena that occur spontaneously
on it. With roots reaching back to Homeric times, the science of geography has acquired timeless
value and seems both valuable and necessary, while at the same time delineating the influence
that man exerts on the earth and vice versa. This two-way relationship is not limited, but
developed over the years either positively or negatively, depending on the intentions and
aspirations of the human species, when speaking of the anthropocentric approach.
Geography "as a science investigates the nature, structure, changes that occur in the natural
environment as well as the relationships that develop between the Earth system and man. The
focus of her interests can only be geographical space, a complex concept, which, depending on
the perceptions of geographers, is valued as "biographical identity of a place on earth", "part of
the Earth's surface", "field of flow of products, people, of information, ideas, cultures' etc.' (V.
Peraki et al., 2002).
The fact that there are no restrictions lends a sense of freedom and detachment to the study of
geography. Should the observation of the environment be considered as the first step followed by
the study of the phenomena, then the ramifications may be innumerable. It is about observing,
recording, studying and organizing a variety of processes which can be analyzed and presented
individually or even in relation to previous actions related to physical geography and human
geography.
2. International Journal of Education (IJE) Vol.11, No.3, September 2023
28
1.1. Etymological Approach to the Term "Geography"
"Geography" is a compound word, made up of two compound members originated by the Greek
language. It could aptly be said that the first member is a noun - geo (earth) - and gives the word
the weight of place, defining and making clearer the limits of action of this particular science.
Then, the second compound member of the word is a verb - I write-. The verb, although the word
produced through composition is essential as a part of speech, energizes the word. Its roots are
found in ancient Greek times with references by Hesiod in the work Theogonia (verses 126-132),
where Gaia gives birth by parthenogenesis to Uranus, the Mountains and the Pontus.
1.2. Conceptual Approach to the Term "Geography"
Not a few have referred to geography as a science. Others have closely linked it, above all, to the
evolution of the spirit (Debesse - Arviset, 1975), because as the spaces and environments change,
so does the thinking, the intellect of the people. If the human species did not try to adapt
according to whatever modifications were made, then we would very likely not come very close
to the characteristics of man, as we know them today based on the evolutionary theory as it was
formulated in the 18th century.
The conceptual background of geography is complex. This means that it refers more broadly to
many areas, which are essential components of the concept or even branches of it. Observation,
recording, understanding of phenomena and situations definitely play a very important role for
the construction of the whole concept. It could also be stated that the study of various
relationships and interactions, such as development, especially due to urbanization, but also the
study of the cultures that make their appearance over the years, frame the concept of geography
and place it in various time scales, without anyone being able to pinpoint its origin with certainty.
It is also worth noting that the concepts that structure geography are also of various types. More
specifically, there is talk of general geography, physical geography, regional and so on. These
types with their own special characteristics introduce the concept of geography into a more
complex, extensive and wider sphere of sciences. This, in fact, could well be the reason why,
from ancient times, the geographer combined other qualities as well. Therefore, the science of
geography itself is subject to a more general spectrum which as a concept allows the use of
elements and structures of other scientific fields.
1.3. Definitions of the Term "Geography"
In general, it is very difficult to assign a specific definition to the term "geography". This happens
because the science of Geography integrates further concepts and sciences into its trunks. It is
also the factors that are taken into account and the different approaches on the subject, which
classify and differentiate the definitions.
Generally, the role of Geography as a science, as it constantly evolves and does not stand still,
transforms the attempts of defining it. It has been tried to define it as a science of description, as a
science of study, as a science based on the influence that man exerts on it and vice versa. In any
case, it should not be neglected that geography is not simply an enumeration of phenomena and
elements. One should consider the natural phenomena that shape the planet in relation to human
characteristics that vary over time and are controlled by the human species itself and its pursuits.
These include the various actions as well as their changes carried out by the weather such as
3. International Journal of Education (IJE) Vol.11, No.3, September 2023
29
fishing, agriculture, animal husbandry, hunting and later dealing with the industry, actions that
have a direct impact on the natural environment.
We read on the website of the University of the Aegean in Greece:
«Geography, a Greek word and at the same time global, is a scientific area that has changed
definitions and content in space and time just like its object: the surface of the earth as a natural
environment and as a space that supports and "hosts" the human activities and is transformed by
them».
Clearly, there have been other attempts to define the term. One of them holds the view that
geography consists of a set of data captured on maps and defines it accordingly. A different
definition states that it is the science that involves the study and description of the earth while
noting the features and elements that appear in its relief.
It is mentioned on the website of Harokopio University of Athens: "The science of Geography
investigates how the environment is shaped by natural processes but also how man affects it
positively or negatively. It also studies how cultures and societies are shaped and influenced by
the environment in which they develop. It is a very broad scientific field with points of
intersection with many different fields of knowledge, such as geomorphology, climatology,
cartography, geographic information science, remote sensing, urban and regional development,
demography, politics, economics, social, historical and cultural geography."
In short, it is not difficult to understand the difficulties that exist in defining the concept.
"Geography" as a science is a vast field not only in terms of its theoretical approach, but also in
terms of research. Definitions often differ depending on the point of view, the type of Geography,
but also the person seeking to define the term.
1.4. What is the Purpose of Geography?
For long time geography was detached from the social sciences. Until 1970s any involvement
was avoided in the great controversies between ideologies and education. For the geographers
“geography was the science of places not of people” and its objects was to describe the earth and
the relationship between nature and human ways of living. Geography teaching was including
climate, morphology, rivers and mountains, geology and vegetation.
The question of the purpose of geography is raised the recent years: should it consider the social
and psychological realm as well as the morphological and economic domain? Should it inquire
into individual as well as collective human behaviour? Pupils will go into the geographical
learning process only if the subject can bring out their potential. It is by stimulating pupils’ senses
that the introduction will take place. Geography must take account of cognitive psychology thus
it explains the spatial learning, first in relation to parents, to their home, district, town, region and
country, continent and at the end the world, from the “private bubble” to social space (Bailly,
1995). It must be said that in order for a student to obtain academic literacy aimed at by the
school, the ability switching between the practices required by each thematic field or subject,
should utilize a repertoire of language practices appropriate to each of them and manage the
social meanings and social identities that each highlight (Gabrielidou, Mitsaki, Fliatouras, 2021).
Scientific literacy appears in relation to digital literacy in the European Commission’s ‘Digital
Education Action Plan’ (European Commission, 2018g), (Siarova, Sternadel and Szőnyi (2019).
As Bailly has stated (1995) at the end of the 20th
century “The teaching of geography aims to
develop pupils' capacity for observation and reasoning, and to arouse their interest in spatial
problems. It must teach them to observe (description), to classify (establish typologies), to create
links between phenomena (the global approach) and to provide explanations (in particular
4. International Journal of Education (IJE) Vol.11, No.3, September 2023
30
through deductive reasoning). In order to do this, they must acquire methods: reading documents
and representing geographical phenomena, by means of sketches, diagrams and maps.”
2. THE TEACHING OF THE GEOGRAPHY COURSE IN THE MODERN GREEK
STATE
In modern Greece, introduction of Geography as a subject was made with the formation of
Middle Education - that it refers to Secondary Education - (Antoniou 1987) in 1836. Geography
is presented as a single unit for Geosciences in the Timetable Programs, in the 1st and 3rd high
school programs of 1977 and 1978, while in the 1st high school Physical Geography is taught.
The main goal of education (Government Gazette 576/1977) is: "our education system to become
more efficient and to be a key factor for economic and social progress". In this spirit, the purpose
of teaching Geography with elements of Geology is to describe and interpret the geological
phenomena and for the students to know the sources of wealth of the natural environment.
The Curriculum of the Geology-Geography course of the 1st and 2nd grades of High School in
2023 is defined as follows: A. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COURSE Geology-Geography in the
first four grades of the Primary School is included in the Environmental Studies course. In the 5th
and 6th Primary School and in the 1st and 2nd High School it is taught as an independent subject
- Geography and Geology-Geography respectively.
Geology - Geography Curriculum includes: Various levels of analysis of concepts and processes,
examined from the very familiar, local and regional, to the national, European and global scale.
The study space and the phenomena that occur in it, start from the very small spatial scale
(personal) and extend to the large and very large spatial scales (national and global). Digital
interactive maps including a set of metadata, which show the purpose of using the map,
informing users about important information, such as the map projection is used now a days at
schools (Intzidou et al, 2021). Specific concerns identified regarding the young people
participation in research and collaborative actions using Web 2.0 applications, in the context of
geography and environmental education, through sociocultural constructive view of learning.
Concerns relating to the way of the young people’s interaction using an educational online
environment and how it can help to improve their learning process originated a study with the
research question if sociocultural constructivist interaction of students in an educational online
environment affect their cognitive development and their geography and environmental approach
to the research issue. Results indicated that the quality of their interaction was at a satisfactory
level with most complete learning exchanges, progressively developing essential skills for an
organized and integrated geography and environmental approach, throughout the project
(Exarchou E., Klonari A. & Lamprinos N. 2015).
3. "GEOMEDIA" – EXTENSIONS AND EXTENSIONS
"Geography has real importance in human decision-making. Geography is a set of basic skills
that you need to instill in our youth." As Roger Tomlinson, father of GIS said, undoubtedly the
pace of development of situations in today's era is very fast. This can be seen simply by watching
how quickly various fields, such as technology, evolve. Technology has made huge leaps of
progress, especially in the recent past. Society today is often characterized as an "information
society" in an age of pervasive digital technologies. Technology is ubiquitous and everyone is in
constant connectivity. Being "always on (line)" was expected to make people less and less
dependent on the functional contexts of a location, as this was early discussed in "The Death of
Distance" (Economist, 1995; Cairncross, 1997). This has now led to people meeting in a space
and time 'metaverse'.
5. International Journal of Education (IJE) Vol.11, No.3, September 2023
31
As technology has moved into consumer electronics, it sparked debate with the article “Revenge
of Geography” (Economist, 2003). Obviously, the information society has not turned its citizens
into location agnostics, but rather led to the opposite, the dominance of "where." Perhaps it was
caused by the disconnection of communication from co-presence, giving way to the urgently
needed personal digital sphere to balance the effects of telecommunication.
Thus the "spatial shift" in a Geoinformation Society is evident throughout its digital
infrastructure, as well as in its daily operation. Very few of a person's tasks, interests, and
activities are independent of location. Location is not just a measurable location. Determines
what is around him by proximity and distance. Location works very effectively as an all-rounder
– database experts would consider location a key enabler of the 'spatial link' function. This spatial
integration in "layers" information or areas of interest effectively transform locations into places
(Goodchild, 2011)
It is now a fact that the concept of the Geo-Information Society wins over this simple knowledge
of geography. The citizen of the present society is required to have specific skills and
qualifications. As linguistic and mathematical literacy were historically requirements for
membership in a community of the past, digital literacy is generally accepted as the passport to
the information society, and "belonging" to a "GISociety" will require a certain set of elements of
geospatial literacy.
This can be easily linked to the traditional map reading skills required as a foundation to build
spatial orientation and to complete certain spatial tasks such as navigation. From a broader
perspective, a person's general spatial awareness is the cornerstone for the development of spatial
thinking, which he projects is necessary to support citizens in their participation in modern
society. The question arises as to which abilities and skills are required to join the digital age and
which will (partially) replace those of traditional map reading and interpretation. However, the
goal is considered to be the convergence of education demand and technology supply: new
technologies will emerge and offer opportunities, while only those that lead to (perhaps new)
demand will be maintained in the long term. Technology is of course not an end in itself, but it
has changed societies in the past, and will obviously do so in the future.
As time passes, and due to the fact that man tends to facilitate processes of his life, he proceeded
to prepare and create geographic software services and systems, the completion of which was
successful through the use of the Internet. The field of Geography could not remain unaffected by
technological progress, while informing people about it plays an important role in theoretical as
well as in practical background. The rapid development in the field of technology simultaneously
demands changes in the field of education. There is a wide variety of tools and media available
that, when used correctly, can modernize teaching and make learning more active and
participatory for students (Ploetz, 2015). Today the term 'Geo-Information Society' is used in part
to express the notion that 'GIS' is not primarily a set of technologies, but rather significantly
creates social dynamics around notions of place and space. However, to understand and explore
the GI Society one must consider (some of) the current technical developments that facilitate and
sometimes drive progress towards a spatially "smart" society.
There are according to scholars seven dominant geospatial technologies most relevant to the
general public and therefore society in general (Thomas Jekel, al, 2014):
1. Global positioning. Knowing where the citizen is at any given moment can set the
starting point for navigation, distance and proximity, create a personal 'environment' and
6. International Journal of Education (IJE) Vol.11, No.3, September 2023
32
offer choices about what to do, who to meet and where to move. Easy access to Global
Navigation
2. Personal sensors. Beyond positioning, the latest personal devices contain an increasing
number of sensors. The accelerometer in every smart phone (smartphone) supplemented
by a digital compass and general attitude sensor and sensors that take measurements for
sound and light for different indications of navigation in light and in the dark.
3. Location-enabled applications. In the search for place of residence, hotel reservation,
default in "minimum distance" criterion the GISsocietal applications help and
information from different sources.
4. Augmented Reality (AR). At the "local scale," data about what we can see is merged
directly into our own visual channel of perception. This concept was first implemented in
airplane cockpits, and then brought to market through Google Glasses. Any
"smartphone" or "tablet" can serve as an AR device by activating the camera and
annotating what the user visually perceives, useful not only for tourists, but perhaps for
local residents as well replacing the rather cumbersome contact with the map and
navigation.
5. Projective Perspective. Traditional maps, as "flat views", require considerable abstraction
of spatial orientation and message. Interestingly, we are now moving from the 'neutral',
'objective' presentation of spatial data in the same way for everyone – as in a
standardized map – to a subjective, personalized perspective, where everyone controls
their own view.
6. "Click" to launch or touch the screen. Due to developments in technology the paradigms
of interaction are changing, to a great extent. As computers turn into personal mobile
devices available in all kinds of contexts, space is running out and an indirect interaction
tool such as a mouse cannot be used.
7. The software referred to are multimedia applications that leverage visualization by
engaging the student audience in the background of visual literacy. There are not a few
times, of course, that other means are used, such as headphones, in order to provide
assistance to students, in order to create the theoretical background of knowledge for the
specific taught course.
Images and their alternation play a very important role in memorizing the information provided.
Besides, the predominance of images in modern Western culture mandates the establishment of a
dialogue between visual and traditional literacy. After all, the image, as a way of understanding
knowledge, plays an extremely important role.
Thus, one more feature that is structured is that of the dual goal provided in terms of creating
concepts through symbolism as well as in providing the possibility of understanding more
information through the visual representation of the earth (Dimitriadou, 2006). In a world
dominated by visual media, multimodality is embodied through eye contact, which contributes to
the creation of new intersections of codes and messages (Kalatzis - Cope - Stellakis - Arvanitis,
2019). It is worth mentioning that the image is created as a derivative of technology and the
evolution of culture (Plios, 2001). Since, then, culture evolves, this indirectly implies the
abolition of the teacher-authority, as the student now takes on the role not only of receiver, but of
a critic and transmitter, when it comes to reproducing data in a theoretical and practical
background. More over as Passadelli and Klonari (2021) stated if 3D geographic educational
7. International Journal of Education (IJE) Vol.11, No.3, September 2023
33
material may be created, this could help dyslexic students to overcome some of the difficulties
they face with Geography subject. In other words, the use of this type of software, in addition to
the enjoyment it offers to the student public, is also characterized by the provision of direct
experiential experience and access to a huge amount of information and data, which under other
circumstances would not be possible to access through the traditional way of teaching.
4. CONCLUSIONS
In a constantly changing society, with geometrical progress increasing technological
achievements, the future as a subject of geography appears as something certain and given. It
remains to monitor and contribute to the development of not only the course as a cognitive
subject but also as a whole in a holistic and experiential approach transmitting the information to
minor, adolescent or adult students. It is of a great importance to introduce geography matters in
a way that pupils will be accustomed to, familiar with so that Geography science will be a part of
their lives and not just a subject memorized while they are in their school years and then
forgotten. It is that we as educators need to change our way of teaching from just introducing the
knowledge to introducing the way to learn how the knowledge will be found using the new
technology.
REFERENCES
[1] Antoniou David (1987). The Programs of Secondary Education (1833-1929), volume I, Athens
1987-1989 (IAEN edition), Athens.
[2] Bailly A. Geography teaching in the twenty-first century Prospects, vol. XXV, no. 4, December
1995 pp 785-790
[3] Debesse – Arviset M.L., 1975. From Papageorgiou G.K., 1985. Teaching II. Psychotechnics.
Heraklion.
[4] Dimitriadou, K. (2007). "Visual literacy and language teaching: A critical reading of the new
language textbooks for the 1st grade". Modern Education, 148, 72-80.
[5] Exarchou, E., Klonari, A. & Lambrinos, N. (2015). Using a Social Web 2.0 in Geography and
Environmental Research Students’ Learning Exchanges. Review of International Geographical
Education Online, 5(1) 44-55. Retrieved on 06/07/2023 from
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/rigeo/issue/40868/493068
[6] Gavriilidou Z., Mitsiaki, M. Fliatouras A. (2021): 100 Key Concepts for Linguistics. p 415
Gutenberg 2021
[7] Goodchild Michael F. 2011Challenges in geographical information scienceProc. R. Soc.
A.4672431–2443
[8] Höhnle, S., Schubert, J.-C., & Uphues, R. (2011). Barriers to GI(S) Use in Schools-A Comparison
of International Empirical Results. In T. Jekel, A. Koller, K. Donert, & R. Vogler. (Eds.), Learning
with GI 2011 – Implementing Digital Earth in Education (pp. 124–133). Berlin: Wichmann.
[9] Intzidou,G., Lamprinos, N., Tourtouras, Ch., Seroglou, F.: Metadata: A pedagogical tool for the
teaching of map projections in Elementary School. Retrieved on 08/07/2023 from
https://eurogeojournal.eu/index.php/egj/article/view/94
[10] Kalantzis, M. & B. Cope (2001). "Polygrams", in A-F. Christidis (ed.). Encyclopedic Guide to
Language, 214-216. Thessaloniki: Greek Language Center. Lambrinos, N., & Asiklari, F. (2014).
the Introduction of Gis and Gps Through Local. European Journal of Geography, 5(1), 32–47
Ploetz, R. (2015). Assessing History with Mathematical Tools: The Use of GI Systems in Social
Sciences. American Journal of Geophysics, Geochemistry and Geosystems, 1(3), 100–104.
[11] Kalantzis, Mary & Cope, Bill & Stellakis, Nektarios & Arvanitis, Eugenia. (2019). Literacies: A
pedagogy of differentiated design and multimodal meanings.
[12] Makri. Chr. Kyriakoula. The Historical Evolution of Geological Education in Greece, Doctoral
Dissertation. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Department of Geology Department of Geology
Thessaloniki 2015, retrieved from
http://ikee.lib.auth.gr/record/278386/files/Kyriakoula%20Makri%20PhD%20%20.pdf
8. International Journal of Education (IJE) Vol.11, No.3, September 2023
34
[13] Passadelli, A. St. and Klonari Aik. A Literature Review on Geography Teachers’ Knowledge of
And Attitudes Towards Dyslexia. International Journal of Education, Volume 8, Number 4,
December 2020
[14] Peraki, B., Rokka, A. X., Galani, L., & Katsaros, G. (2002). Teaching geography in primary school
- a consideration of the teaching approach through the geography book of the 5th grade of primary
school. Teaching geography at the elementary school-a teaching approach through the new
geography book for the 5th class of elementary school. Panhellenic and International Geographical
Conferences, Collection of Proceedings, 1, 564-572.
[15] Pleios, G. (2001). The reason for the image. Athens: Papazisis.
[16] Siarova, H., Sternadel, D. & Szőnyi, E. 2019, Research for CULT Committee – Science and
Scientific Literacy as an Educational Challenge, European Parliament, Policy Department for
Structural and Cohesion Policies, Brussels
AUTHOR
Marigoula (Mary) Kosmidou was born and raised in Komotini Greece. She holds a
B.Sc. in Geology, AUTH Greece, a B.A. in Primary Education, DUTH, Greece, an
M.A in Educational Leadership UAB, USA, and an M.A in Black Sea Countries and
their culture DUTH. She is working on her PhD thesis in Education on the subject of
multiliteracies in introducing geography topics to the adult students of the Second
Chance Schools – in Adult Education field. She has served as a secondary teacher at the
Greek educational state system since 1993. She currently serves as a deputy director of
Regional East Macedonia – Thrace in Regional Directorate of primary and secondary education. She
speaks and writes Greek, English and Turkish.