The document summarizes Pintail Systems Inc.'s bio-detoxification process for removing cyanide from gold heap leach pads. It presents several case studies where PSI's native bacteria treatment achieved cyanide detoxification goals faster than conventional chemical methods. It also resulted in significant additional gold recovery that offset the cost of treatment. The process involves applying bacteria cultures to break down cyanide in leach solutions and recover residual gold trapped in heap materials.
This document provides an overview of bioleaching and discusses its applications in extracting various metals. Bioleaching employs bacteria to convert insoluble metal sulfides into water-soluble metal sulfates. The key microorganisms involved are mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria that oxidize ferrous iron and sulfur. The bioleaching process involves providing bacteria with metal ores or concentrates, oxygen, nutrients, and maintaining optimal temperature and pH. Factors like mineral composition, surface area, and leaching method affect bioleaching. It allows extraction of metals from low-grade ores and has advantages of being cheaper and more environmentally friendly compared to conventional methods. Gold, uranium, and copper are some metals extracted via bio
The document proposes using chemolithotrophic bacteria to mine metals from extraterrestrial regolith through biomining. Biomining uses bacteria to extract metals like copper from ores and has been used terrestrially to produce over 1/4 of the world's copper. The concept involves using bacteria that oxidize metals in regolith to solubilize desired metals, which could then be extracted through solvents. Biomining has advantages over other space mining concepts in being simple, autonomous, low power, and capable of extracting multiple metals from raw regolith to support in-situ resource utilization.
Bioleaching is a process that uses microorganisms to dissolve and extract metals from sulphide minerals and ores. It involves employing bacteria in mechanically-agitated reactors to process refractory gold concentrates from mines. There are three main types of bioleach bacteria characterized by their optimal temperature ranges - mesophiles from 30 to 42 degrees C, moderate thermophiles from 45 to 55 degrees C, and extreme thermophiles from 60 to 90 degrees C.
This is an ancient process which involves the alloying of the gold particles with metallic mercury to form amalgam and then the separation of the gold from the mercury by heating in Pressure oxidation: Utilizes oxygen and heat under pressure in a liquid medium, to effect
oxidation of sulfur by way of a controlled chemical reaction. High pressure autoclaves are used for the reactors. Reactor operation is under alkaline or acidic conditions, depending upon the specific process.
The oxygen overpressure required is primarily determined by the mass transfer requirements of the process and higher overpressures tend to shorten the
reaction rate and thus the residence time
retorts until the mercury is distilled off. The method is used for the treatment of coarser gold (30 microns in diameter or greater) .
This process is strongly out of favor with the major mining companies, due to the extremely toxic nature of mercury and the processes inferior performance when compared to the available alternatives. The process is still used extensively by artesian mines in third world countries and at small mines, due to its simplicity
Bioleach bacteria are characterised by their optimal
operating temperatures. Mesophiles (top) operate best
between 30 and 42 °C, and are rod-shaped bacteria with
dimensions of about 0.5 ´ 2.0 μm. Moderate
thermophiles (middle) have a similar morphology to the
mesophiles, and operate at 45 to 55 °C. The extreme
thermophiles (bottom), which are often spherical and
have a diameter of 1 to 2 μm, operate at elevated
temperatures of be
Bioleaching is a process that uses microorganisms to extract metals from ores and concentrates. It involves bacteria oxidizing sulfide minerals to dissolve metals like copper, gold, and zinc. Common microbes used include mesophilic and moderately thermophilic bacteria. Bioleaching was first observed extracting copper in ancient times and its role in leaching was identified in the 1940s. It is now used commercially in heap, slope, and in-situ leaching to produce metals from low-grade ores.
Biomining and bioleaching use microorganisms like Thiobacillus ferrooxidans to extract metals from ores and mine tailings. These microbes facilitate metal extraction by oxidizing metals or the minerals containing them, making the metals soluble so they can be recovered. Key applications include extracting copper, gold, and uranium, as well as remediating acid mine drainage. As high-grade surface deposits diminish, biomining will become increasingly important for recovering metals from lower-grade ores in a more sustainable and cost-effective manner than conventional mining and extraction methods.
The document summarizes Pintail Systems Inc.'s bio-detoxification process for removing cyanide from gold heap leach pads. It presents several case studies where PSI's native bacteria treatment achieved cyanide detoxification goals faster than conventional chemical methods. It also resulted in significant additional gold recovery that offset the cost of treatment. The process involves applying bacteria cultures to break down cyanide in leach solutions and recover residual gold trapped in heap materials.
This document provides an overview of bioleaching and discusses its applications in extracting various metals. Bioleaching employs bacteria to convert insoluble metal sulfides into water-soluble metal sulfates. The key microorganisms involved are mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria that oxidize ferrous iron and sulfur. The bioleaching process involves providing bacteria with metal ores or concentrates, oxygen, nutrients, and maintaining optimal temperature and pH. Factors like mineral composition, surface area, and leaching method affect bioleaching. It allows extraction of metals from low-grade ores and has advantages of being cheaper and more environmentally friendly compared to conventional methods. Gold, uranium, and copper are some metals extracted via bio
The document proposes using chemolithotrophic bacteria to mine metals from extraterrestrial regolith through biomining. Biomining uses bacteria to extract metals like copper from ores and has been used terrestrially to produce over 1/4 of the world's copper. The concept involves using bacteria that oxidize metals in regolith to solubilize desired metals, which could then be extracted through solvents. Biomining has advantages over other space mining concepts in being simple, autonomous, low power, and capable of extracting multiple metals from raw regolith to support in-situ resource utilization.
Bioleaching is a process that uses microorganisms to dissolve and extract metals from sulphide minerals and ores. It involves employing bacteria in mechanically-agitated reactors to process refractory gold concentrates from mines. There are three main types of bioleach bacteria characterized by their optimal temperature ranges - mesophiles from 30 to 42 degrees C, moderate thermophiles from 45 to 55 degrees C, and extreme thermophiles from 60 to 90 degrees C.
This is an ancient process which involves the alloying of the gold particles with metallic mercury to form amalgam and then the separation of the gold from the mercury by heating in Pressure oxidation: Utilizes oxygen and heat under pressure in a liquid medium, to effect
oxidation of sulfur by way of a controlled chemical reaction. High pressure autoclaves are used for the reactors. Reactor operation is under alkaline or acidic conditions, depending upon the specific process.
The oxygen overpressure required is primarily determined by the mass transfer requirements of the process and higher overpressures tend to shorten the
reaction rate and thus the residence time
retorts until the mercury is distilled off. The method is used for the treatment of coarser gold (30 microns in diameter or greater) .
This process is strongly out of favor with the major mining companies, due to the extremely toxic nature of mercury and the processes inferior performance when compared to the available alternatives. The process is still used extensively by artesian mines in third world countries and at small mines, due to its simplicity
Bioleach bacteria are characterised by their optimal
operating temperatures. Mesophiles (top) operate best
between 30 and 42 °C, and are rod-shaped bacteria with
dimensions of about 0.5 ´ 2.0 μm. Moderate
thermophiles (middle) have a similar morphology to the
mesophiles, and operate at 45 to 55 °C. The extreme
thermophiles (bottom), which are often spherical and
have a diameter of 1 to 2 μm, operate at elevated
temperatures of be
Bioleaching is a process that uses microorganisms to extract metals from ores and concentrates. It involves bacteria oxidizing sulfide minerals to dissolve metals like copper, gold, and zinc. Common microbes used include mesophilic and moderately thermophilic bacteria. Bioleaching was first observed extracting copper in ancient times and its role in leaching was identified in the 1940s. It is now used commercially in heap, slope, and in-situ leaching to produce metals from low-grade ores.
Biomining and bioleaching use microorganisms like Thiobacillus ferrooxidans to extract metals from ores and mine tailings. These microbes facilitate metal extraction by oxidizing metals or the minerals containing them, making the metals soluble so they can be recovered. Key applications include extracting copper, gold, and uranium, as well as remediating acid mine drainage. As high-grade surface deposits diminish, biomining will become increasingly important for recovering metals from lower-grade ores in a more sustainable and cost-effective manner than conventional mining and extraction methods.
30 DÍAS DE BILINGÜISMO - EPISODIO 4 - EL PODER DE LA LECTURASpaanIt
Este documento enfatiza la importancia de leerles a los niños todos los días para mejorar su exposición al idioma meta y desarrollar sus habilidades lingüísticas. Recomienda leerles por lo menos 5 minutos diarios en un momento y lugar fijos para establecer una rutina. Leer les ayuda a los niños a aprender nuevo vocabulario de manera natural, comprender mejor cómo se usan las palabras en diferentes contextos, y mejorar su escritura, gramática y ortografía.
30 días de bilingüismo: Episodio 3 - Mitos de la eduación bilingüeSpaanIt
En este tercer episodio se habla sobre algunos mitos de la crianza bilingüe, sobre qué es lo normal y no en el desarrollo lingüístico de nuestros hijos.
Este documento não fornece informações substanciais para resumir. Ele consiste apenas em números e caracteres sem significado. Um resumo precisa ter pelo menos algum conteúdo para poder extrair as ideias e informações essenciais. Infelizmente, este documento não fornece nenhum conteúdo para resumir.
O documento não fornece nenhum conteúdo para resumir, já que consiste apenas em números sem contexto ou significado. Não é possível gerar um resumo conciso de 3 frases ou menos com base nas informações fornecidas.
30 DÍAS DE BILINGÜISMO - EPISODIO 4 - EL PODER DE LA LECTURASpaanIt
Este documento enfatiza la importancia de leerles a los niños todos los días para mejorar su exposición al idioma meta y desarrollar sus habilidades lingüísticas. Recomienda leerles por lo menos 5 minutos diarios en un momento y lugar fijos para establecer una rutina. Leer les ayuda a los niños a aprender nuevo vocabulario de manera natural, comprender mejor cómo se usan las palabras en diferentes contextos, y mejorar su escritura, gramática y ortografía.
30 días de bilingüismo: Episodio 3 - Mitos de la eduación bilingüeSpaanIt
En este tercer episodio se habla sobre algunos mitos de la crianza bilingüe, sobre qué es lo normal y no en el desarrollo lingüístico de nuestros hijos.
Este documento não fornece informações substanciais para resumir. Ele consiste apenas em números e caracteres sem significado. Um resumo precisa ter pelo menos algum conteúdo para poder extrair as ideias e informações essenciais. Infelizmente, este documento não fornece nenhum conteúdo para resumir.
O documento não fornece nenhum conteúdo para resumir, já que consiste apenas em números sem contexto ou significado. Não é possível gerar um resumo conciso de 3 frases ou menos com base nas informações fornecidas.