Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Health
•Télécharger en tant que PPT, PDF•
0 j'aime•644 vues
The NHS was established in 1948 by the 1945-51 British government to provide universal healthcare access, treating all medical problems freely at the point of use based on need rather than ability to pay. It aimed to eliminate disease by offering healthcare to all British citizens, over half of whom previously lacked medical coverage. While popular, the NHS also proved very expensive to run and faced initial shortages of hospital facilities and medical staff that limited treatment effectiveness and access.
Signaler
Partager
Signaler
Partager
Recommandé
The Welfare State
The document discusses the creation and evolution of the UK welfare state and National Health Service (NHS). It explains that the Beveridge Report of 1942 laid the foundation for the welfare state by arguing the government should provide for citizens' welfare. The NHS was established in 1946 to provide free healthcare for all. However, there was opposition from doctors, local authorities, and those concerned about costs. Over time, the NHS expanded vaccination programs and hospitals gained more autonomy, while private healthcare also grew, changing the system.
Sec3-SS-healthcare-Brit
Britain provides free healthcare through its National Health Service (NHS), funded by taxes. To manage costs, the government balances spending increases with tax increases and privatized some NHS services. The government also aims to increase efficiency and quality by reducing wait times, giving patients choices of providers, and making improvements based on feedback. However, assessing the NHS's effectiveness is difficult as views differ on how much it has improved over the years.
Managing Healthcare Britain
The document discusses the origins and development of Britain's healthcare system. It began with Sir William Beveridge establishing the principle in 1942 that the government has a duty to provide basic help and end poverty, disease, and unemployment. After World War 2, the National Health Service (NHS) was created in 1948 to provide free healthcare for all. Over the decades, the NHS faced challenges from rising costs and demand. The British government responded by managing spending, increasing efficiency through measures like privatization, and focusing on providing quality service through various NHS reform plans. However, some issues around standards, long wait times, and funding distribution remain.
Your Health, Your Choices
- The document discusses the history and reforms of the British National Health Service (NHS) over several decades under both Conservative and Labour governments. It describes the founding principles of the NHS and the initial problems it faced.
- Major reforms were introduced in the late 20th century to address rising costs and waiting times, including introducing internal markets, increasing the role of private providers, and giving patients more choice.
- From 1997 onward, large investments were made alongside further reforms to liberalize supply and empower demand, such as expanding the independent sector, setting national standards, and increasing patient information and choice. However, health spending decisions remained controversial.
What the National Health Services offers you
Wartime coalition as well as the government’s vision regarding formation of a uniform, integrated and comprehensive healthcare system in the UK.
5.nhs presentation april2010 amb. lillie
Stephen Lillie took up his appointment as Her Britannic Majesty's Ambassador to the Republic of the Philippines in August 2008. Born in 1966, Stephen joined the Diplomatic Service after graduating in Modern Languages from Oxford University in 1988. His diplomatic career has been largely Asia-focused, with postings in Hong Kong (for Chinese language training), Beijing, New Delhi and Guangzhou, China where he served as Her Majesty's Consul-General. Immediately prior to Manila he was Head of Far Eastern Group in the Foreign & Commonwealth Office in London for three years, overseeing UK relations with North-East Asia.
Presentación NHS
Fenin en colaboración con el departamento comercial UK Trade and Investment, de la Embajada británica en Madrid, han organizado un foro empresarial dirigido al sector de tecnología sanitaria, con el objetivo de evaluar los sistemas de compras de los sistemas sanitarios de España y Reino Unido (NHS), y conocer las oportunidades de negocio que el NHS representa para empresas españolas de tecnología sanitaria.
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■.docx
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■ 1700s: Training and apprenticeship under one physician was common until hospitals were founded in the mid-1700s. In 1765, the first medical school was established at the University of Pennsylvania. ■ 1800s: Medical training was provided through internships with existing physicians who often were poorly trained themselves. In the United States, there were only four medical schools, which graduated only a handful of students. There was no formal tuition with no mandatory testing. ■ 1847: The AMA was established as a membership organization for physicians to protect the interests of its members. It did not become powerful until the 1900s when it organized its physician members by county and state medical societies. The AMA wanted to ensure these local societies were protecting physicians’ financial well-being. It also began to focus on standardizing medical education. ■ 1900s–1930s: The medical profession was represented by general or family practitioners who operated in solo practices. A small percentage of physicians were women. Total expenditures for medical care were less than 4% of the gross domestic product. ■ 1904: The AMA created the Council on Medical Education to establish standards for medical education. ■ 1910: Formal medical education was attributed to Abraham Flexner, who wrote an evaluation of medical schools in the United States and Canada indicating many schools were substandard. The Flexner Report led to standardized admissions testing for students called the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), which is still used as part of the admissions process today. ■ 1930s: The healthcare industry was dominated by male physicians and hospitals. Relationships between patients and physicians were sacred. Payments for physician care were personal. ■ 1940s–1960s: When group health insurance was offered, the relationship between patient and physician changed because of third-party payers (insurance). In the 1950s, federal grants supported medical school operations and teaching hospitals. In the 1960s, the Regional Medical Programs provided research grants and emphasized service innovation and provider networking. As a result of the Medicare and Medicaid enactment in 1965, the responsibilities of teaching faculty also included clinical responsibilities. ■ 1970s–1990s: Patient care dollars surpassed research dollars as the largest source of medical school funding. During the 1980s, third-party payers reimbursed academic medical centers with no restrictions. In the 1990s with the advent of managed care, reimbursement was restricted. ■ 2014: According to the 2014 Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMAC) annual survey, over 70% of medical schools have or will be implementing policies and programs to encourage primary care specialties for medical school students. TABLE 1-2 Milestones of the Hospital and Healthcare Systems 1820–2015 ■ 1820s: Almshouses or poorhouses, the pr.
Recommandé
The Welfare State
The document discusses the creation and evolution of the UK welfare state and National Health Service (NHS). It explains that the Beveridge Report of 1942 laid the foundation for the welfare state by arguing the government should provide for citizens' welfare. The NHS was established in 1946 to provide free healthcare for all. However, there was opposition from doctors, local authorities, and those concerned about costs. Over time, the NHS expanded vaccination programs and hospitals gained more autonomy, while private healthcare also grew, changing the system.
Sec3-SS-healthcare-Brit
Britain provides free healthcare through its National Health Service (NHS), funded by taxes. To manage costs, the government balances spending increases with tax increases and privatized some NHS services. The government also aims to increase efficiency and quality by reducing wait times, giving patients choices of providers, and making improvements based on feedback. However, assessing the NHS's effectiveness is difficult as views differ on how much it has improved over the years.
Managing Healthcare Britain
The document discusses the origins and development of Britain's healthcare system. It began with Sir William Beveridge establishing the principle in 1942 that the government has a duty to provide basic help and end poverty, disease, and unemployment. After World War 2, the National Health Service (NHS) was created in 1948 to provide free healthcare for all. Over the decades, the NHS faced challenges from rising costs and demand. The British government responded by managing spending, increasing efficiency through measures like privatization, and focusing on providing quality service through various NHS reform plans. However, some issues around standards, long wait times, and funding distribution remain.
Your Health, Your Choices
- The document discusses the history and reforms of the British National Health Service (NHS) over several decades under both Conservative and Labour governments. It describes the founding principles of the NHS and the initial problems it faced.
- Major reforms were introduced in the late 20th century to address rising costs and waiting times, including introducing internal markets, increasing the role of private providers, and giving patients more choice.
- From 1997 onward, large investments were made alongside further reforms to liberalize supply and empower demand, such as expanding the independent sector, setting national standards, and increasing patient information and choice. However, health spending decisions remained controversial.
What the National Health Services offers you
Wartime coalition as well as the government’s vision regarding formation of a uniform, integrated and comprehensive healthcare system in the UK.
5.nhs presentation april2010 amb. lillie
Stephen Lillie took up his appointment as Her Britannic Majesty's Ambassador to the Republic of the Philippines in August 2008. Born in 1966, Stephen joined the Diplomatic Service after graduating in Modern Languages from Oxford University in 1988. His diplomatic career has been largely Asia-focused, with postings in Hong Kong (for Chinese language training), Beijing, New Delhi and Guangzhou, China where he served as Her Majesty's Consul-General. Immediately prior to Manila he was Head of Far Eastern Group in the Foreign & Commonwealth Office in London for three years, overseeing UK relations with North-East Asia.
Presentación NHS
Fenin en colaboración con el departamento comercial UK Trade and Investment, de la Embajada británica en Madrid, han organizado un foro empresarial dirigido al sector de tecnología sanitaria, con el objetivo de evaluar los sistemas de compras de los sistemas sanitarios de España y Reino Unido (NHS), y conocer las oportunidades de negocio que el NHS representa para empresas españolas de tecnología sanitaria.
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■.docx
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■ 1700s: Training and apprenticeship under one physician was common until hospitals were founded in the mid-1700s. In 1765, the first medical school was established at the University of Pennsylvania. ■ 1800s: Medical training was provided through internships with existing physicians who often were poorly trained themselves. In the United States, there were only four medical schools, which graduated only a handful of students. There was no formal tuition with no mandatory testing. ■ 1847: The AMA was established as a membership organization for physicians to protect the interests of its members. It did not become powerful until the 1900s when it organized its physician members by county and state medical societies. The AMA wanted to ensure these local societies were protecting physicians’ financial well-being. It also began to focus on standardizing medical education. ■ 1900s–1930s: The medical profession was represented by general or family practitioners who operated in solo practices. A small percentage of physicians were women. Total expenditures for medical care were less than 4% of the gross domestic product. ■ 1904: The AMA created the Council on Medical Education to establish standards for medical education. ■ 1910: Formal medical education was attributed to Abraham Flexner, who wrote an evaluation of medical schools in the United States and Canada indicating many schools were substandard. The Flexner Report led to standardized admissions testing for students called the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), which is still used as part of the admissions process today. ■ 1930s: The healthcare industry was dominated by male physicians and hospitals. Relationships between patients and physicians were sacred. Payments for physician care were personal. ■ 1940s–1960s: When group health insurance was offered, the relationship between patient and physician changed because of third-party payers (insurance). In the 1950s, federal grants supported medical school operations and teaching hospitals. In the 1960s, the Regional Medical Programs provided research grants and emphasized service innovation and provider networking. As a result of the Medicare and Medicaid enactment in 1965, the responsibilities of teaching faculty also included clinical responsibilities. ■ 1970s–1990s: Patient care dollars surpassed research dollars as the largest source of medical school funding. During the 1980s, third-party payers reimbursed academic medical centers with no restrictions. In the 1990s with the advent of managed care, reimbursement was restricted. ■ 2014: According to the 2014 Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMAC) annual survey, over 70% of medical schools have or will be implementing policies and programs to encourage primary care specialties for medical school students. TABLE 1-2 Milestones of the Hospital and Healthcare Systems 1820–2015 ■ 1820s: Almshouses or poorhouses, the pr.
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■.docx
The document provides a summary of milestones in medicine, medical education, hospitals/healthcare systems, public health, and the U.S. health insurance system from 1700-2015. It describes key developments such as the establishment of the first medical school in 1765, the Flexner Report in 1910 which led to standardization of medical education, the creation of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965, and the passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2010. The document also summarizes milestones related to the development of hospitals and healthcare delivery systems over time as well as milestones in public health initiatives and the evolution of the U.S. health insurance system.
Chapter 3: Healthcare in Britain
The document discusses the concept of a welfare state and Britain's national healthcare system, the NHS. It explains that Britain adopted a welfare state model after WWII to provide basic services like healthcare for all citizens. The NHS was created in 1948 as part of this welfare system. It then discusses challenges like rising costs and an aging population that have led the government to manage spending, increase efficiency through privatization and personal responsibility, and focus on quality of service through various NHS improvement plans.
Healthcare Pres Final[1]
Canada has a publicly funded universal healthcare system called Medicare. Each province and territory manages its own healthcare insurance plan. The system is funded through taxes, with the federal, provincial and territorial governments contributing. It provides universal access to medically necessary hospital and physician services without direct user fees. While most services are publicly funded, around 30% of healthcare costs are paid through private means like private insurance. There are ongoing debates around wait times, doctor shortages, rising costs and the potential role of private options in addressing some of these issues.
NHS - Is It Worth Privatisation?
The NHS was established in 1948 to provide universal healthcare free at the point of delivery. However, it now faces a funding problem due to rising demands from a growing and aging population, as well as increased rates of preventable illnesses. Private healthcare also results in market failures like negative externalities and inequality. Proposed solutions include increasing government spending, improving NHS efficiency, introducing small user fees, and expanding private partnerships, but each has drawbacks. Overall, modest user fees combined with efficiency measures seem the best approach, while keeping healthcare largely state-run.
PERPETUAL MERCY HOSPITAL
Perpetual Mercy Hospital (PMH) is concerned about a new clinic opening five blocks from their Downtown Health Clinic (DHC). The new clinic could take patients from DHC and hurt its business. DHC currently sees most patients between 11AM-2PM and patients have requested expanded hours and added services like gynecology. PMH will consider alternatives like extended hours or adding a physician based on profitability, customer satisfaction, attracting new patients, and cost-benefit to decide how to respond to the new nearby clinic.
Toronto forum on health care
The document summarizes the evolution of England's National Health Service (NHS) from 1978 to the present, including the increasing marketization and privatization of the system over time. It notes that in 1978, the NHS provided comprehensive free care to patients with salaried hospital doctors and community care staff. However, beginning in the 1980s, hospital management was transferred to private managers, funding was dispersed to local purchasers who contracted with providers, and hospitals took on business-like targets. More recently, payment has been based on individual treatments, more services have been outsourced to private providers, and the system is moving toward an insurance-based model like the US. The document argues this privatization has undermined the
A century of health services development in Birmingham - Tim Jones
The document summarizes the history of healthcare development in Birmingham over the past century, from the origins of early hospitals to the planning and construction of the new Queen Elizabeth Hospital. It describes:
- The early voluntary and municipal hospitals established in Birmingham from the 18th century to treat the poor.
- The social, medical, and technological changes in the early 20th century that increased demand for hospital services.
- The controversies over proposals in the 1920s-30s to build a new united hospital center to replace overcrowded facilities.
- The planning process that ultimately led to the construction of the original Queen Elizabeth Hospital, which opened in 1938.
- The need for renewal that resulted in
Cdn Healthcare
Canada has a universal single-payer healthcare system where basic medical services are publicly funded. The system began developing in the early 20th century through programs focused on public health initiatives and government-run hospitals. By the 1960s, all Canadian provinces had agreed to establish universal health insurance plans. Key milestones included Saskatchewan introducing universal coverage in 1946 and the passage of the Canada Health Act in 1984 which prohibited private billing and user fees. Today, the system is described as an interlocking set of provincial and territorial health insurance plans known as "Medicare" that provides universal access to medically necessary hospital and physician services.
Getting to grips with Population Health - 28th Feb 2018
A set of slides produced by Thames Valley Strategic Clinical Network to support the familiarisation event on Population Health held in Maidenhead on Wednesday 28th February 2018.
With thanks to all colleagues, attendees, chairs and speakers for their involvement on the day.
James Carter - Senior Network Manager TVSCN
james.carter1@nhs.net
HFS Lillie
The National Health Service (NHS) of the United Kingdom was founded in 1948 with three core principles: it meets everyone's needs, is free at point of delivery, and based on clinical need rather than ability to pay. By 2010, the NHS had over 500,000 employees providing healthcare to millions of patients annually through thousands of facilities. However, underfunding and outdated practices in the 1990s led to reforms and investments to improve standards, empower patients, and shape services around individual needs. Today the universal NHS continues innovating while providing comprehensive, efficient, and cost-effective care to all citizens.
The development of nursing 2014
This document outlines the development of nursing as a profession from the 1880s to the 2000s. It discusses key events and individuals that helped establish nursing standards and registration, including the establishment of the first nursing registers in the 1880s, the Nurses Registration Act of 1919 which formally established the General Nursing Council, and the formation of the Nursing and Midwifery Council in 2002. The document also summarizes several influential nursing theorists from the 1950s to 1970s and their theories about the role and goals of nursing.
What can England teach us about changing healthcare? Final version of the pre...
This is the presentation that Steve Fairman and Helen Bevan made at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement 25th Annual National Forum on Quality Improvement, 10th December 2013
What can England teach us about changing healthcare?
This is the presentation that Steve Fairman and Helen Bevan made at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement National Forum on Quality in Healthcare 2013
Sec3 chapter3 managing_healthcare(intro&singapore's system)_slideshare
The document discusses and compares the healthcare systems of Singapore and the UK, noting that Singapore follows a model of shared responsibility between individuals, the government, and community groups, while the UK established its National Health Service (NHS) to provide universal free healthcare as part of its welfare state model. However, rising costs have posed challenges for managing the NHS budget and meeting increasing demand for services. Privatization and cost controls have been approaches used in both countries to help address healthcare financing challenges.
History of the NHS
Since the 1940s, the NHS has employed innovation and the most recent created technology to help combat hearing loss | UK Hearing Care News
http://www.ageukhearingaids.co.uk/hearing-aid-news/nhs-helping-people-hear-1948
The Pressures Of The NHS
The NHS is facing great pressure due to increasing demands, limited resources and an ageing population. This has led to long waiting times, overcrowding in hospitals and a lack of staff. As a result, the NHS is struggling to provide the best care for its patients. This article will explore the pressures that the NHS is facing and how it can be addressed. It will look at the impact on patient care, financial pressures and staffing levels to understand how these issues can be addressed to improve patient care.
Is Bevan's NHS under threat?
The document discusses threats facing the UK's National Health Service (NHS) and proposes a new model to safeguard it for the next 50 years. Key points:
1) Constant political reforms have undermined the NHS without proper implementation plans or costing. A new NHS Statute Board is proposed to oversee the NHS as a long-term investment based on evidence and public experience.
2) A local levy and elected local NHS directors could boost local ownership and accountability.
3) The new model aims to uphold Aneurin Bevan's founding values of the NHS while creating a modern system through improved coordination, public participation, and focus on prevention over political ideology.
Welfare 2reforms6
Labour's welfare reforms after WWII aimed to provide social security, healthcare, housing and education. Key reforms included the National Insurance Act (1946), National Health Service Act (1948), and Education Act (1947). However, the reforms faced criticisms like benefit levels not keeping up with inflation, NHS costs exceeding estimates, and housing and education shortages. While not perfect, Labour made major improvements to Britain's welfare system in the aftermath of WWII.
Week 1 PowerPoint Cheryl_Waller
Medical billing and coding originated as doctors provided basic first aid and apprenticeships. Over time, the medical field became more organized and advanced as hospitals established training programs, and organizations like the AMA professionalized the industry. Major developments included the advent of health insurance in the early 1900s to help cover costs, and the creation of Medicaid and Medicare in the 1960s to provide government-funded healthcare. Modern reforms like HIPAA have also helped standardize privacy and security of patient medical records.
The evolution of the health care system
The United States health care system has evolved from a tradition of local government responsibility for the poor to a mixed system with both public and private components. Key developments included the rise of hospitals and physicians in the late 19th century, the growth of private health insurance in the mid-20th century, and the creation of Medicare, Medicaid and managed care in the 1960s-1970s to address rising costs and access issues. However, debates continue around the appropriate role of government, consumers, providers and private industry in ensuring affordable, high quality health care for all Americans.
Contenu connexe
Similaire à Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Health
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■.docx
The document provides a summary of milestones in medicine, medical education, hospitals/healthcare systems, public health, and the U.S. health insurance system from 1700-2015. It describes key developments such as the establishment of the first medical school in 1765, the Flexner Report in 1910 which led to standardization of medical education, the creation of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965, and the passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2010. The document also summarizes milestones related to the development of hospitals and healthcare delivery systems over time as well as milestones in public health initiatives and the evolution of the U.S. health insurance system.
Chapter 3: Healthcare in Britain
The document discusses the concept of a welfare state and Britain's national healthcare system, the NHS. It explains that Britain adopted a welfare state model after WWII to provide basic services like healthcare for all citizens. The NHS was created in 1948 as part of this welfare system. It then discusses challenges like rising costs and an aging population that have led the government to manage spending, increase efficiency through privatization and personal responsibility, and focus on quality of service through various NHS improvement plans.
Healthcare Pres Final[1]
Canada has a publicly funded universal healthcare system called Medicare. Each province and territory manages its own healthcare insurance plan. The system is funded through taxes, with the federal, provincial and territorial governments contributing. It provides universal access to medically necessary hospital and physician services without direct user fees. While most services are publicly funded, around 30% of healthcare costs are paid through private means like private insurance. There are ongoing debates around wait times, doctor shortages, rising costs and the potential role of private options in addressing some of these issues.
NHS - Is It Worth Privatisation?
The NHS was established in 1948 to provide universal healthcare free at the point of delivery. However, it now faces a funding problem due to rising demands from a growing and aging population, as well as increased rates of preventable illnesses. Private healthcare also results in market failures like negative externalities and inequality. Proposed solutions include increasing government spending, improving NHS efficiency, introducing small user fees, and expanding private partnerships, but each has drawbacks. Overall, modest user fees combined with efficiency measures seem the best approach, while keeping healthcare largely state-run.
PERPETUAL MERCY HOSPITAL
Perpetual Mercy Hospital (PMH) is concerned about a new clinic opening five blocks from their Downtown Health Clinic (DHC). The new clinic could take patients from DHC and hurt its business. DHC currently sees most patients between 11AM-2PM and patients have requested expanded hours and added services like gynecology. PMH will consider alternatives like extended hours or adding a physician based on profitability, customer satisfaction, attracting new patients, and cost-benefit to decide how to respond to the new nearby clinic.
Toronto forum on health care
The document summarizes the evolution of England's National Health Service (NHS) from 1978 to the present, including the increasing marketization and privatization of the system over time. It notes that in 1978, the NHS provided comprehensive free care to patients with salaried hospital doctors and community care staff. However, beginning in the 1980s, hospital management was transferred to private managers, funding was dispersed to local purchasers who contracted with providers, and hospitals took on business-like targets. More recently, payment has been based on individual treatments, more services have been outsourced to private providers, and the system is moving toward an insurance-based model like the US. The document argues this privatization has undermined the
A century of health services development in Birmingham - Tim Jones
The document summarizes the history of healthcare development in Birmingham over the past century, from the origins of early hospitals to the planning and construction of the new Queen Elizabeth Hospital. It describes:
- The early voluntary and municipal hospitals established in Birmingham from the 18th century to treat the poor.
- The social, medical, and technological changes in the early 20th century that increased demand for hospital services.
- The controversies over proposals in the 1920s-30s to build a new united hospital center to replace overcrowded facilities.
- The planning process that ultimately led to the construction of the original Queen Elizabeth Hospital, which opened in 1938.
- The need for renewal that resulted in
Cdn Healthcare
Canada has a universal single-payer healthcare system where basic medical services are publicly funded. The system began developing in the early 20th century through programs focused on public health initiatives and government-run hospitals. By the 1960s, all Canadian provinces had agreed to establish universal health insurance plans. Key milestones included Saskatchewan introducing universal coverage in 1946 and the passage of the Canada Health Act in 1984 which prohibited private billing and user fees. Today, the system is described as an interlocking set of provincial and territorial health insurance plans known as "Medicare" that provides universal access to medically necessary hospital and physician services.
Getting to grips with Population Health - 28th Feb 2018
A set of slides produced by Thames Valley Strategic Clinical Network to support the familiarisation event on Population Health held in Maidenhead on Wednesday 28th February 2018.
With thanks to all colleagues, attendees, chairs and speakers for their involvement on the day.
James Carter - Senior Network Manager TVSCN
james.carter1@nhs.net
HFS Lillie
The National Health Service (NHS) of the United Kingdom was founded in 1948 with three core principles: it meets everyone's needs, is free at point of delivery, and based on clinical need rather than ability to pay. By 2010, the NHS had over 500,000 employees providing healthcare to millions of patients annually through thousands of facilities. However, underfunding and outdated practices in the 1990s led to reforms and investments to improve standards, empower patients, and shape services around individual needs. Today the universal NHS continues innovating while providing comprehensive, efficient, and cost-effective care to all citizens.
The development of nursing 2014
This document outlines the development of nursing as a profession from the 1880s to the 2000s. It discusses key events and individuals that helped establish nursing standards and registration, including the establishment of the first nursing registers in the 1880s, the Nurses Registration Act of 1919 which formally established the General Nursing Council, and the formation of the Nursing and Midwifery Council in 2002. The document also summarizes several influential nursing theorists from the 1950s to 1970s and their theories about the role and goals of nursing.
What can England teach us about changing healthcare? Final version of the pre...
This is the presentation that Steve Fairman and Helen Bevan made at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement 25th Annual National Forum on Quality Improvement, 10th December 2013
What can England teach us about changing healthcare?
This is the presentation that Steve Fairman and Helen Bevan made at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement National Forum on Quality in Healthcare 2013
Sec3 chapter3 managing_healthcare(intro&singapore's system)_slideshare
The document discusses and compares the healthcare systems of Singapore and the UK, noting that Singapore follows a model of shared responsibility between individuals, the government, and community groups, while the UK established its National Health Service (NHS) to provide universal free healthcare as part of its welfare state model. However, rising costs have posed challenges for managing the NHS budget and meeting increasing demand for services. Privatization and cost controls have been approaches used in both countries to help address healthcare financing challenges.
History of the NHS
Since the 1940s, the NHS has employed innovation and the most recent created technology to help combat hearing loss | UK Hearing Care News
http://www.ageukhearingaids.co.uk/hearing-aid-news/nhs-helping-people-hear-1948
The Pressures Of The NHS
The NHS is facing great pressure due to increasing demands, limited resources and an ageing population. This has led to long waiting times, overcrowding in hospitals and a lack of staff. As a result, the NHS is struggling to provide the best care for its patients. This article will explore the pressures that the NHS is facing and how it can be addressed. It will look at the impact on patient care, financial pressures and staffing levels to understand how these issues can be addressed to improve patient care.
Is Bevan's NHS under threat?
The document discusses threats facing the UK's National Health Service (NHS) and proposes a new model to safeguard it for the next 50 years. Key points:
1) Constant political reforms have undermined the NHS without proper implementation plans or costing. A new NHS Statute Board is proposed to oversee the NHS as a long-term investment based on evidence and public experience.
2) A local levy and elected local NHS directors could boost local ownership and accountability.
3) The new model aims to uphold Aneurin Bevan's founding values of the NHS while creating a modern system through improved coordination, public participation, and focus on prevention over political ideology.
Welfare 2reforms6
Labour's welfare reforms after WWII aimed to provide social security, healthcare, housing and education. Key reforms included the National Insurance Act (1946), National Health Service Act (1948), and Education Act (1947). However, the reforms faced criticisms like benefit levels not keeping up with inflation, NHS costs exceeding estimates, and housing and education shortages. While not perfect, Labour made major improvements to Britain's welfare system in the aftermath of WWII.
Week 1 PowerPoint Cheryl_Waller
Medical billing and coding originated as doctors provided basic first aid and apprenticeships. Over time, the medical field became more organized and advanced as hospitals established training programs, and organizations like the AMA professionalized the industry. Major developments included the advent of health insurance in the early 1900s to help cover costs, and the creation of Medicaid and Medicare in the 1960s to provide government-funded healthcare. Modern reforms like HIPAA have also helped standardize privacy and security of patient medical records.
The evolution of the health care system
The United States health care system has evolved from a tradition of local government responsibility for the poor to a mixed system with both public and private components. Key developments included the rise of hospitals and physicians in the late 19th century, the growth of private health insurance in the mid-20th century, and the creation of Medicare, Medicaid and managed care in the 1960s-1970s to address rising costs and access issues. However, debates continue around the appropriate role of government, consumers, providers and private industry in ensuring affordable, high quality health care for all Americans.
Similaire à Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Health (20)
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■.docx
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■.docx
A century of health services development in Birmingham - Tim Jones
A century of health services development in Birmingham - Tim Jones
Getting to grips with Population Health - 28th Feb 2018
Getting to grips with Population Health - 28th Feb 2018
What can England teach us about changing healthcare? Final version of the pre...
What can England teach us about changing healthcare? Final version of the pre...
What can England teach us about changing healthcare?
What can England teach us about changing healthcare?
Sec3 chapter3 managing_healthcare(intro&singapore's system)_slideshare
Sec3 chapter3 managing_healthcare(intro&singapore's system)_slideshare
Plus de mrmarr
National 5 History assignment - writing the main section
The document provides guidance on writing the main section of a paper using the FIDO method, which stands for Factor, Information, Debate, and Overall. According to FIDO, the main section should cover 3 issues by first introducing the factor, then describing at least 3 relevant facts including one source fact, explaining why the issue is important, and on one occasion explaining why the issue is not the most important before stating the factor's overall importance and reason.
National 5 History assignment - writing the conclusion
The document provides guidance for writing a conclusion in 3 sections: (a) directly answering the question and stating the main reason or issue, (b) providing one piece of evidence to support the stated view, and (c) acknowledging other important factors while emphasizing the primary factor. The writer is also reminded to include at least two sources in their response.
SQA Advanced Higher History exam paper - 2023
1) Kenneth MacAlpin's conquest of Pictland in the mid-9th century was an important step towards the formation of the kingdom of Alba by 900, though interpretations differ on his contributions. Sources C and D reveal differing views, with Source C seeing MacAlpin's dynasty as giving "added posthumous glory" to his conquest, while Source D emphasizes local Pictish resistance and that the tradition of MacAlpin killing Pictish nobles is "likely fictitious."
2) Sources A and B provide context on pre-Roman and Roman Northern Britain. Source A describes the lifestyle and organization of Iron Age peoples, though its usefulness is limited by being an outside account.
Advanced Higher History exam - 2023 (marking instructions)
This document provides marking instructions for the 2023 Advanced Higher History exam in Scotland. It outlines general marking principles, such as using positive marking and awarding marks for relevant points made by candidates regardless of errors. It also provides specific guidance for marking different types of questions, including essays, source analysis questions, and questions comparing two sources. The marking criteria focus on assessing candidates' knowledge, analysis, evaluation of sources, and understanding of historiography.
SQA Higher History exam (paper 1) - 2023 (marking instructions)
The document provides marking instructions for the 2023 Higher History exam on British, European and World History. It outlines general marking principles and principles for specific question types, including essays. For essays, it describes how marks should be awarded for historical context, conclusions, use of knowledge, analysis, and evaluation. The marking instructions provide guidance to examiners on assessing responses consistently according to SQA standards.
SQA Higher History exam (paper 1) - 2023
This document contains instructions and questions for a History exam on British, European and World History from 2023. It is divided into two sections, with Section 1 focusing on British history and Section 2 on European and World history. Each section contains multiple parts on different time periods and topics. Students must choose one part from Section 1 and one from Section 2, and answer one question from each of the two parts they chose. The questions range from short answers to longer essay questions assessing students' understanding of key historical developments, causes, consequences and interpretations.
Higher History exam (paper 2) - 2023 (marking instructions)
The document provides marking instructions for the 2023 Scottish Higher History exam on Scottish History. It outlines general marking principles, marking principles for different question types, and detailed marking instructions for specific questions. For question 1, candidates can earn marks for interpreting the viewpoints in two given sources about the Guardians ruling Scotland after King Alexander III's death, and for providing relevant outside knowledge. Overall, the document provides a framework for examiners to consistently mark student responses for this exam.
SQA Higher History exam (paper 2) - 2023
Sources A and B provide differing interpretations of the early growth of Protestantism in Scotland in the 1550s-1560s. Source A emphasizes that many Scots were dissatisfied with the Catholic Church and open to Protestant ideas due to works criticizing the Catholic Church. Source B stresses the impact of Protestant preachers like John Knox and the support of powerful lords and the passing of laws against Protestant literature.
Source C outlines the Second Book of Discipline's vision of an independent Kirk governed by presbyteries and assemblies rather than bishops or the Crown. It notes James VI's opposition to these plans in 1581, with Presbyterians believing the King should submit to the Kirk, while the King and nobility disagreed
Higher Migration and Empire - reasons for emigrant scots' success
The document discusses reasons for the success of many emigrant Scots in building new lives in other parts of the British Empire from 1830-1939. It states that Scots often succeeded due to factors like their nationality, English language abilities, education levels, reputation for hard work, skills in demanded fields, establishment of businesses and communities, and support from the British government and other Scots abroad. However, not all emigrant Scots found success, as some faced problems like poverty, unemployment, and loneliness in their new homes.
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Education
The 1944 Education Act aimed to improve education access and outcomes in Britain. It raised the compulsory school leaving age to 15, providing all children a minimum of secondary education. At age 11, children took an exam that determined if they attended an academic-focused senior secondary school or trades-focused junior secondary school. However, the exam system was criticized for penalizing poorer students and determining children's futures too early. Labour also introduced new school buildings to replace those damaged in war and accommodate growing student populations, though secondary schools remained outdated in many areas.
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Housing
The New Towns Act of 1946 aimed to tackle overcrowding and improve housing conditions in Britain by building new towns with homes. 14 new towns were established by 1951, moving people from city slums to new communities built in the countryside. However, these new towns initially lacked jobs and local facilities, requiring long commutes. Additionally, while the government set targets to build over 1 million new homes by 1951, housing shortages remained an issue as only around 800,000 new houses were completed. Prefabricated housing provided a temporary solution to the shortage but was meant to last only 10 years though many prefab homes stood for decades.
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Poverty
The Family Allowances Act of 1946 provided weekly payments to mothers with two or more children to help families struggling financially, especially those where fathers had died in war. However, it did not help families with only one child and payments stopped at age 18. The National Insurance Act of 1946 built on previous acts to provide benefits like sickness, unemployment, old age pensions and other benefits by requiring weekly contributions from working-age people. However, the poorest still struggled to pay and the National Assistance Act of 1948 provided additional financial help for these individuals. Studies in York in 1936 and 1950 showed poverty levels falling from 36% to only 2% due to these welfare programs but benefits did not always keep up with inflation.
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Unemployment
The Labour government nationalized several key industries like coal mining, steel production, electricity, and railways between 1946-1948. This was done to ensure these important industries were controlled by the country rather than private companies. Owners were compensated for the nationalized industries. Nationalization allowed the government to use tax money to fund unprofitable businesses and increase apprenticeships to reduce unemployment. However, nationalization was very costly and this high cost reduced funds available for other issues. Labour also introduced policies aimed at improving working conditions for workers through measures like paid holidays and secure jobs at docks. While some workers saw higher wages and better conditions, it may have discouraged companies from hiring more employees as it increased costs. Labour's home
National 5 History exam - 2023 (marking instructions)
The document provides general marking principles for the National 5 History exam. It outlines 6 types of questions that may be asked and the marking criteria for each. It details the point structure for questions that ask candidates to describe, explain, make a judgement, evaluate evidence, compare sources, and assess how fully a source describes/explains something. For each question type, it provides the maximum marks, how marks will be allocated for knowledge points and developed points, and includes an example question and response.
Plus de mrmarr (20)
National 5 History assignment - writing the main section
National 5 History assignment - writing the main section
National 5 History assignment - writing the conclusion
National 5 History assignment - writing the conclusion
Advanced Higher History exam - 2023 (marking instructions)
Advanced Higher History exam - 2023 (marking instructions)
SQA Higher History exam (paper 1) - 2023 (marking instructions)
SQA Higher History exam (paper 1) - 2023 (marking instructions)
Higher History exam (paper 2) - 2023 (marking instructions)
Higher History exam (paper 2) - 2023 (marking instructions)
Higher Migration and Empire - reasons for emigrant scots' success
Higher Migration and Empire - reasons for emigrant scots' success
National 5 History exam - 2023 (marking instructions)
National 5 History exam - 2023 (marking instructions)
Dernier
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/qhtvq32h4ybf9t49ku85x0n3xl4jhr15How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Dernier (20)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Health
- 2. The NHS The 1945-51 governments are remembered for many things but the most famous is setting up the NHS in 1948. The National Health Service aimed to eradicate the Giant of disease by offering healthcare to all.
- 3. The NHS The NHS had three aims: • Universal access • Treat all medical problems • Free at the point of use Medical care was to be based on need, not a person’s money or background.
- 4. The NHS Under the NHS, patients could access a range of treatments that previously they might have been denied, including: • Spectacles • False teeth • Maternity services
- 5. The NHS Introducing the NHS meant that everyone in Britain could now get healthcare. Before this ,more than half of the British population had no medical cover, meaning they often went without treatment.
- 6. The NHS One problem with the NHS was that many hospitals were out-of- date and in a poor condition. This limited the effectiveness of the treatment that patients received from the NHS.
- 7. NHS costs The NHS was very popular – and so it also proved to be very expensive. In the first year, it cost £240 million to run. This was £140 million more than had been expected.
- 8. Prescriptions The introduction of the NHS hugely increased the numbers of people accessing prescriptions. This increased from 7 million prescriptions per month before the NHS to 13.5 million per month by September 1948.
- 9. Prescriptions The costs of running the NHS were very high. In 1951 Labour voted to introduce prescription charges, which then happened in 1952. •9 This undermined the goals of a ‘free’ health service.
- 10. Prescriptions Although NHS costs were high, this proved that many people were getting treatment, unlike before the service was introduced. In addition, poor people did not have to pay for prescription charges.
- 11. NHS staffing When the NHS was introduced, this meant that there now 480,000 hospital beds available in England and Wales. There were also 125,000 nurses and 5000 consultant doctors.
- 12. NHS staffing By 1948, it was estimated that there was a shortage of another 48,000 nurses. In addition, many doctors and dentists had opposed the NHS and some refused to work in the service.
- 13. NHS staffing A shortage of staff meant that fewer people could get the medical treatment that they needed. This undermined the NHS’s aims to ensure that all people were given medical help.
- 14. NHS staffing In 1949, a major staff recruitment campaign began. By 1952, there were now 245,000 nurses employed in the NHS, ensuring more people were able to get treatment.
- 15. * LINKS * New welfare benefits ensured more people had better diets, improving their general health. New housing also tackled health problems such as caused by living in poor quality accommodation.