Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Poverty
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The Family Allowances Act of 1946 provided weekly payments to mothers with two or more children to help families struggling financially, especially those where fathers had died in war. However, it did not help families with only one child and payments stopped at age 18. The National Insurance Act of 1946 built on previous acts to provide benefits like sickness, unemployment, old age pensions and other benefits by requiring weekly contributions from working-age people. However, the poorest still struggled to pay and the National Assistance Act of 1948 provided additional financial help for these individuals. Studies in York in 1936 and 1950 showed poverty levels falling from 36% to only 2% due to these welfare programs but benefits did not always keep up with inflation.
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Making of Modern Britain 1880-1951 labour reforms (poverty)
Labour introduced several reforms after World War 2 to tackle poverty in Britain, including the National Insurance Act of 1946 which provided unemployment, sickness, maternity and old age benefits funded by weekly contributions from workers. However, these reforms were criticised for not covering all groups like married women and the self-employed. In 1948, National Assistance was introduced to provide support to the very poorest, including weekly payments and clothing grants, but this was means-tested and seen by some as undermining universal welfare ideals. While Labour's reforms helped many escape poverty, issues remained with low benefit levels and stigma around certain programs.
The History Of Welfare In America Essays
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The History of Welfare in America Essays
Welfare has been a safety net for many Americans, when the alternative for them is going without food and shelter. Over the years, the government has provided income for the unemployed, food assistance for the hungry, and health care for the poor. The federal government in the nineteenth century started to provide minimal benefits for the poor. During the twentieth century the United States federal government established a more substantial welfare system to help Americans when they most needed it. In 1996, welfare reform occurred under President Bill Clinton and it significantly changed the structure of welfare. Social Security has gone through significant change from FDR s signing of the program into law to President George W. Bush s...show more content...In his State of the Union speech on January 4, 1935, President Roosevelt told Congress that it was necessary to create federal unemployment and old age pension program, as well as benefits for single mothers and poor children. On August 18, 1935, President Roosevelt signed into law the Social Security Act. This was a federal retirement program for people over the age of sixty five, and it also created unemployment insurance. In 1936, Aid to
Families with Dependent Children was created to provide money to single mothers with children. In 1964, Congress approved a food stamp program to low income households. In
1965, Medicaid was created to provide health insurance for the poor, elderly, and disabled.
In 1974, the Supplemental Security Income program was established. In 1996, the U.S.
Congress passed a law and President Clinton signed it, which gave the states primary control regarding welfare,
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL WORK IN UNITED KINGDOM
The document summarizes the history of social welfare in the UK from the Elizabethan period to the mid-20th century. It describes how the church initially provided relief to the poor and destitute through alms and charity. The Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601 systematized relief efforts and divided the poor into categories. Throughout the Industrial period, several reforms and laws were passed to improve conditions for workers and the poor, such as school meal programs and national insurance. The Beveridge Report of 1942 laid the foundation for the modern British welfare state by recommending a system to address want, disease, ignorance, squalor, and idleness.
HRM PART ..pdf
The document discusses three key acts related to social security and employee benefits in India:
1) The Social Security Act of 1935 established Social Security benefits for retirees, the unemployed, and dependent families in the US during the Great Depression. It was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
2) The Employees' Provident Fund Act of 1952 created a mandatory retirement savings program for salaried employees in India. It is funded by monthly contributions from employers and employees.
3) The Payment of Gratuity Act of 1972 requires certain industries in India to provide a one-time gratuity payment to retired employees equivalent to 15 days' wages for each year of employment.
Emergence of Social Work - Week 2 and 3
This lecture contained:
1. Need to understand History
2. Historical development of Social Work
3. Historical Background/ Roots
4. Early 20th Century
5. After 2nd World War
6. The Beveridge Report and its implementation
7. Present Social Services
8. Development of Social Work in Pakistan
9. Functions of Directorate of Social Welfare Punjab
Running head EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SERVICES 1EVOLUTION.docx
Running head: EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SERVICES
1
EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SERVICES
7
Evolution of Human Services
Name
Professor
Course
Date
Week 1 - Learning Activity
Evolution of Human Services
Introduction
Human service is one of the fields that has continued to evolve over the past ages. This evolution is one of the reasons why policymakers have difficulty dealing with human services (Zins, 2001). To redesign human services to fit the social and academic realms, there is a need to look and understand the history of human services. By looking at the past of human services from the early 11th century, we shall analyze the key advancements that have shaped the field up to the modern-day.
Discussion
11th Century Almshouse
One of the ancient human services from the 11th century is the almshouse. An almshouse or poorhouses are places that are targeted towards helping the poor people. A poorhouse, also known as a workhouse, is aimed at helping people from poor backgrounds that for one reason or another have been unable to pay their rent or have been rejected by their families. Such target groups include widows, widowers, the elderly, and orphans. The origin of poor houses extends from religious groups. Church systems often adopted the poor in the society who could not help themselves. This was later extended to the local authorities and other local officials.
16th Century
By the 16th century, the church and other social institutions were managing human services. However, their provision of services was messy and disorganized. The English government, on the other hand, was repressive and punitive in handling matters of poverty and vagrancy (Kunze, 1971). To sort this issue, the first poor law was set in 1536. This law was further supported in 1547, through taxes that were levied to specifically help the poor in the community. These taxes were further aided in 1576 when the government of England set the rule that the local authorities should provide aid to the poor by the provision of raw materials to aid them in getting work done.
17th Century
The 17th century saw the introduction of the Elizabethan Poor Law. The law was introduced in 1601. The law set a requirement for parishes. The parishes had to select certain overseers for the poor. A minimum of two overseers was required for each parish and the main role of the overseer was to set and collect taxes to help the poor. The tax was collected from the landowners. After collection of the taxes, the overseer was responsible for the equitable distribution of food and money to the poor in the community. The overseer was not paid a salary.
18th Century
In the 18th century, most of Europe was emerging from the Renaissance period. This is a period that saw England rise from a slumber in various aspects including academics. During this period, there was the advancement of technology and psychology. One particular physician, Philippe Pinel, was instrumental in the development of humane ps.
Running head EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SERVICES 1EVOLUTION
Running head: EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SERVICES
1
EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SERVICES
7
Evolution of Human Services
Name
Professor
Course
Date
Week 1 - Learning Activity
Evolution of Human Services
Introduction
Human service is one of the fields that has continued to evolve over the past ages. This evolution is one of the reasons why policymakers have difficulty dealing with human services (Zins, 2001). To redesign human services to fit the social and academic realms, there is a need to look and understand the history of human services. By looking at the past of human services from the early 11th century, we shall analyze the key advancements that have shaped the field up to the modern-day.
Discussion
11th Century Almshouse
One of the ancient human services from the 11th century is the almshouse. An almshouse or poorhouses are places that are targeted towards helping the poor people. A poorhouse, also known as a workhouse, is aimed at helping people from poor backgrounds that for one reason or another have been unable to pay their rent or have been rejected by their families. Such target groups include widows, widowers, the elderly, and orphans. The origin of poor houses extends from religious groups. Church systems often adopted the poor in the society who could not help themselves. This was later extended to the local authorities and other local officials.
16th Century
By the 16th century, the church and other social institutions were managing human services. However, their provision of services was messy and disorganized. The English government, on the other hand, was repressive and punitive in handling matters of poverty and vagrancy (Kunze, 1971). To sort this issue, the first poor law was set in 1536. This law was further supported in 1547, through taxes that were levied to specifically help the poor in the community. These taxes were further aided in 1576 when the government of England set the rule that the local authorities should provide aid to the poor by the provision of raw materials to aid them in getting work done.
17th Century
The 17th century saw the introduction of the Elizabethan Poor Law. The law was introduced in 1601. The law set a requirement for parishes. The parishes had to select certain overseers for the poor. A minimum of two overseers was required for each parish and the main role of the overseer was to set and collect taxes to help the poor. The tax was collected from the landowners. After collection of the taxes, the overseer was responsible for the equitable distribution of food and money to the poor in the community. The overseer was not paid a salary.
18th Century
In the 18th century, most of Europe was emerging from the Renaissance period. This is a period that saw England rise from a slumber in various aspects including academics. During this period, there was the advancement of technology and psychology. One particular physician, Philippe Pinel, was instrumental in the development of humane ps ...
Policy Analysis.The Older American's Act of 1965 to Today
The Older Americans Act of 1965 was passed to address several problems facing older adults in the 1960s, including income insecurity, lack of access to quality health and social services, inadequate housing, and lack of opportunities for productive living. Before programs like Social Security and Medicare, over 30% of Americans over age 65 lived in poverty. The Act established the Administration on Aging and provided funding to states for community services, planning, and research regarding older adults. It has been reauthorized and amended several times to expand services, better coordinate programs, and address new issues like elder abuse and caregiver support.
Recommandé
Making of Modern Britain 1880-1951 labour reforms (poverty)
Labour introduced several reforms after World War 2 to tackle poverty in Britain, including the National Insurance Act of 1946 which provided unemployment, sickness, maternity and old age benefits funded by weekly contributions from workers. However, these reforms were criticised for not covering all groups like married women and the self-employed. In 1948, National Assistance was introduced to provide support to the very poorest, including weekly payments and clothing grants, but this was means-tested and seen by some as undermining universal welfare ideals. While Labour's reforms helped many escape poverty, issues remained with low benefit levels and stigma around certain programs.
The History Of Welfare In America Essays
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You get an original and high-quality paper based on extensive research. The completed work will be correctly formatted, referenced and tailored to your level of study.
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✅ Originality
Every single order we deliver is written from scratch according to your instructions. We have zero tolerance for plagiarism, so all completed papers are unique and checked for plagiarism using a leading plagiarism detector.
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✅ Free revisions
You can ask to revise your paper as many times as you need until you're completely satisfied with the result. Provide notes about what needs to be changed, and we'll change it right away.
✅ 24/7 Support
From answering simple questions to solving any possible issues, we're always here to help you in chat and on the phone. We've got you covered at any time, day or night.
The History of Welfare in America Essays
Welfare has been a safety net for many Americans, when the alternative for them is going without food and shelter. Over the years, the government has provided income for the unemployed, food assistance for the hungry, and health care for the poor. The federal government in the nineteenth century started to provide minimal benefits for the poor. During the twentieth century the United States federal government established a more substantial welfare system to help Americans when they most needed it. In 1996, welfare reform occurred under President Bill Clinton and it significantly changed the structure of welfare. Social Security has gone through significant change from FDR s signing of the program into law to President George W. Bush s...show more content...In his State of the Union speech on January 4, 1935, President Roosevelt told Congress that it was necessary to create federal unemployment and old age pension program, as well as benefits for single mothers and poor children. On August 18, 1935, President Roosevelt signed into law the Social Security Act. This was a federal retirement program for people over the age of sixty five, and it also created unemployment insurance. In 1936, Aid to
Families with Dependent Children was created to provide money to single mothers with children. In 1964, Congress approved a food stamp program to low income households. In
1965, Medicaid was created to provide health insurance for the poor, elderly, and disabled.
In 1974, the Supplemental Security Income program was established. In 1996, the U.S.
Congress passed a law and President Clinton signed it, which gave the states primary control regarding welfare,
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL WORK IN UNITED KINGDOM
The document summarizes the history of social welfare in the UK from the Elizabethan period to the mid-20th century. It describes how the church initially provided relief to the poor and destitute through alms and charity. The Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601 systematized relief efforts and divided the poor into categories. Throughout the Industrial period, several reforms and laws were passed to improve conditions for workers and the poor, such as school meal programs and national insurance. The Beveridge Report of 1942 laid the foundation for the modern British welfare state by recommending a system to address want, disease, ignorance, squalor, and idleness.
HRM PART ..pdf
The document discusses three key acts related to social security and employee benefits in India:
1) The Social Security Act of 1935 established Social Security benefits for retirees, the unemployed, and dependent families in the US during the Great Depression. It was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
2) The Employees' Provident Fund Act of 1952 created a mandatory retirement savings program for salaried employees in India. It is funded by monthly contributions from employers and employees.
3) The Payment of Gratuity Act of 1972 requires certain industries in India to provide a one-time gratuity payment to retired employees equivalent to 15 days' wages for each year of employment.
Emergence of Social Work - Week 2 and 3
This lecture contained:
1. Need to understand History
2. Historical development of Social Work
3. Historical Background/ Roots
4. Early 20th Century
5. After 2nd World War
6. The Beveridge Report and its implementation
7. Present Social Services
8. Development of Social Work in Pakistan
9. Functions of Directorate of Social Welfare Punjab
Running head EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SERVICES 1EVOLUTION.docx
Running head: EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SERVICES
1
EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SERVICES
7
Evolution of Human Services
Name
Professor
Course
Date
Week 1 - Learning Activity
Evolution of Human Services
Introduction
Human service is one of the fields that has continued to evolve over the past ages. This evolution is one of the reasons why policymakers have difficulty dealing with human services (Zins, 2001). To redesign human services to fit the social and academic realms, there is a need to look and understand the history of human services. By looking at the past of human services from the early 11th century, we shall analyze the key advancements that have shaped the field up to the modern-day.
Discussion
11th Century Almshouse
One of the ancient human services from the 11th century is the almshouse. An almshouse or poorhouses are places that are targeted towards helping the poor people. A poorhouse, also known as a workhouse, is aimed at helping people from poor backgrounds that for one reason or another have been unable to pay their rent or have been rejected by their families. Such target groups include widows, widowers, the elderly, and orphans. The origin of poor houses extends from religious groups. Church systems often adopted the poor in the society who could not help themselves. This was later extended to the local authorities and other local officials.
16th Century
By the 16th century, the church and other social institutions were managing human services. However, their provision of services was messy and disorganized. The English government, on the other hand, was repressive and punitive in handling matters of poverty and vagrancy (Kunze, 1971). To sort this issue, the first poor law was set in 1536. This law was further supported in 1547, through taxes that were levied to specifically help the poor in the community. These taxes were further aided in 1576 when the government of England set the rule that the local authorities should provide aid to the poor by the provision of raw materials to aid them in getting work done.
17th Century
The 17th century saw the introduction of the Elizabethan Poor Law. The law was introduced in 1601. The law set a requirement for parishes. The parishes had to select certain overseers for the poor. A minimum of two overseers was required for each parish and the main role of the overseer was to set and collect taxes to help the poor. The tax was collected from the landowners. After collection of the taxes, the overseer was responsible for the equitable distribution of food and money to the poor in the community. The overseer was not paid a salary.
18th Century
In the 18th century, most of Europe was emerging from the Renaissance period. This is a period that saw England rise from a slumber in various aspects including academics. During this period, there was the advancement of technology and psychology. One particular physician, Philippe Pinel, was instrumental in the development of humane ps.
Running head EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SERVICES 1EVOLUTION
Running head: EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SERVICES
1
EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SERVICES
7
Evolution of Human Services
Name
Professor
Course
Date
Week 1 - Learning Activity
Evolution of Human Services
Introduction
Human service is one of the fields that has continued to evolve over the past ages. This evolution is one of the reasons why policymakers have difficulty dealing with human services (Zins, 2001). To redesign human services to fit the social and academic realms, there is a need to look and understand the history of human services. By looking at the past of human services from the early 11th century, we shall analyze the key advancements that have shaped the field up to the modern-day.
Discussion
11th Century Almshouse
One of the ancient human services from the 11th century is the almshouse. An almshouse or poorhouses are places that are targeted towards helping the poor people. A poorhouse, also known as a workhouse, is aimed at helping people from poor backgrounds that for one reason or another have been unable to pay their rent or have been rejected by their families. Such target groups include widows, widowers, the elderly, and orphans. The origin of poor houses extends from religious groups. Church systems often adopted the poor in the society who could not help themselves. This was later extended to the local authorities and other local officials.
16th Century
By the 16th century, the church and other social institutions were managing human services. However, their provision of services was messy and disorganized. The English government, on the other hand, was repressive and punitive in handling matters of poverty and vagrancy (Kunze, 1971). To sort this issue, the first poor law was set in 1536. This law was further supported in 1547, through taxes that were levied to specifically help the poor in the community. These taxes were further aided in 1576 when the government of England set the rule that the local authorities should provide aid to the poor by the provision of raw materials to aid them in getting work done.
17th Century
The 17th century saw the introduction of the Elizabethan Poor Law. The law was introduced in 1601. The law set a requirement for parishes. The parishes had to select certain overseers for the poor. A minimum of two overseers was required for each parish and the main role of the overseer was to set and collect taxes to help the poor. The tax was collected from the landowners. After collection of the taxes, the overseer was responsible for the equitable distribution of food and money to the poor in the community. The overseer was not paid a salary.
18th Century
In the 18th century, most of Europe was emerging from the Renaissance period. This is a period that saw England rise from a slumber in various aspects including academics. During this period, there was the advancement of technology and psychology. One particular physician, Philippe Pinel, was instrumental in the development of humane ps ...
Policy Analysis.The Older American's Act of 1965 to Today
The Older Americans Act of 1965 was passed to address several problems facing older adults in the 1960s, including income insecurity, lack of access to quality health and social services, inadequate housing, and lack of opportunities for productive living. Before programs like Social Security and Medicare, over 30% of Americans over age 65 lived in poverty. The Act established the Administration on Aging and provided funding to states for community services, planning, and research regarding older adults. It has been reauthorized and amended several times to expand services, better coordinate programs, and address new issues like elder abuse and caregiver support.
Chapter 2 a brief history of the american social welfare state
This chapter examines the historical antecedents of the American social welfare state, examining the early institutions that addressed human needs. The influence of Judeo Christian charity customs is examined, as well as the English Poor Laws which served as an early model for much of American social welfare. These influential eras of social welfare development – colonial America, the Civil War, Progressivism, the Great Depression, Post-World War II, the Great Society – are linked to modern welfare state. The roles of industrialization and the voluntary sector are also examined. Early social welfare leaders who emerged throughout the 19th and 20th centuries created structures that would advance social justice in America, create models for social welfare responses, and champion causes to improve conditions for vulnerable populations.
The Social Security Act of 1935 Old-Age Assistance .docx
The Social Security Act of 1935: Old-Age Assistance
Final Submission: Policy Analysis and Recommendation Paper
Southern New Hampshire University
HSE-330: Public Policy and Advocacy
Executive Summary
This paper provides the background analysis of the Old-Age Assistance under the Social Security Act of 1935. The specific legislation was examined the political, economic and the social events that set the stage for the legislation. The analysis of the effectiveness of the programs that address the needs of the beneficiaries and the urgency of the Old-age assistance to the social issue. The review of the advantages and disadvantages of the legislation including the legal and ethical matters, diversity issues and addressing legal and ethical concerns with further strategies. The paper also measures the current and future burdens of the social security act and tackled about who was the responsible for developing, and implementing the legislation. Due to the crisis of poverty that reflects the population’s burden. The research also includes additional organizations that are interested and implemented the act. In addition to the strategies for the building support and social protections.
Preface
The goal of the Social Security Act of 1935 is to support and provide universal welfare by implementing policies that will advocate old-age benefits. The Social Security Act allows and develops the states to make better and efficient provisions for those people in need. The Act provide and implement a compensation law for the needy senior citizens, persons with disabilities, unemployed, single mothers, cripple children, injured workers and blind persons. The act also includes public health and general welfare programs for the poor children and families. The Social Security Act of 1935 aims to organize a Social Security Board that will manage and administer the human welfare, to provide adequate plans and implement effective methods that will prevent potential problems of the state, a board that will organize to raise the revenue of the county for the general welfare by means of compensation, company expenses and the taxes, the organization that will protect the resources and associates of the federal government and provide assistance for all individual needs (Social Security Act of 1935). The outstanding program below the Social Security Act of 1935 is the Title I- Grants to States for Old-Age Assistance. The program was supported by the Social Welfare Organization, a part of a federal government organization. The Old-Age Assistance was authorized by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress (Social Security (n.d.)).
Background
Briefly examine how major social, political, and economic events and other legislation have set the stage for the specific legislation you are considering.
One of the most sig ...
Chapter 2 a brief history of the american social welfare state (2022 update)
Chapter 2 a brief history of the american social welfare state (2022 update)ALMA HERNANDEZ, JD, LMSW
The document provides a history of social welfare in America, beginning with the English Poor Laws that established responsibility for the poor at the governmental level and separated the "deserving" and "undeserving" poor. Colonial America adopted these laws and assigned responsibility to local communities and counties. The Industrial Revolution increased poverty and need. Voluntary organizations and settlement houses provided aid. The Great Depression spurred the New Deal programs under FDR that established relief programs and Social Security.OCR GCSE Modern World History Paper 2 Study Guide
The document provides background information on changes in British society from 1906-1918. It discusses how the Liberal government introduced reforms to help children, the elderly, and unemployed workers. It also examines the campaign for women's suffrage and the roles of suffragists and suffragettes. Finally, it analyzes how British civilians were impacted during World War 1 through conscription, government control of industries, and food rationing.
Liberal social reforms
The document summarizes social reforms introduced by the 1906-1914 Liberal government in the UK to help vulnerable groups. It overviews reforms that established old age pensions to help the elderly, introduced free school meals and medical inspections to aid young people's health and education, created national insurance that provided sick pay and unemployment benefits to assist the sick and unemployed, and implemented various acts to improve workers' conditions through limits on working hours, minimum wages, and compensation for injuries. However, many of these reforms had limitations and criticisms in fully addressing the problems facing these groups.
(1) china's demographics and policies
- Since 1949, China's population policies have aimed to control rapid population growth through various programs, most notably the One-Child Policy introduced in 1979.
- The policy set limits on family size and was enforced through fines and incentives, with the goals of slowing population growth and improving economic development.
- While controversial due to human rights issues, the policy is widely seen as effective in substantially lowering China's birth rate from over 6 children per woman to 1.5 currently. However, China still has the world's largest population due to its huge size.
- In the future, China's population is projected to peak at 1.46 billion by 2030 and decline to 1.4 billion by 2050, reflecting
Liberal Reforms Revision 1890 - 1918
GCSE OCR Modern World History revision presentation - What you need to know about the Liberal Government's Reforms for your Paper 2 exam
National 5 History assignment - writing the main section
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National 5 History assignment - writing the conclusion
The document provides guidance for writing a conclusion in 3 sections: (a) directly answering the question and stating the main reason or issue, (b) providing one piece of evidence to support the stated view, and (c) acknowledging other important factors while emphasizing the primary factor. The writer is also reminded to include at least two sources in their response.
SQA Advanced Higher History exam paper - 2023
1) Kenneth MacAlpin's conquest of Pictland in the mid-9th century was an important step towards the formation of the kingdom of Alba by 900, though interpretations differ on his contributions. Sources C and D reveal differing views, with Source C seeing MacAlpin's dynasty as giving "added posthumous glory" to his conquest, while Source D emphasizes local Pictish resistance and that the tradition of MacAlpin killing Pictish nobles is "likely fictitious."
2) Sources A and B provide context on pre-Roman and Roman Northern Britain. Source A describes the lifestyle and organization of Iron Age peoples, though its usefulness is limited by being an outside account.
Advanced Higher History exam - 2023 (marking instructions)
This document provides marking instructions for the 2023 Advanced Higher History exam in Scotland. It outlines general marking principles, such as using positive marking and awarding marks for relevant points made by candidates regardless of errors. It also provides specific guidance for marking different types of questions, including essays, source analysis questions, and questions comparing two sources. The marking criteria focus on assessing candidates' knowledge, analysis, evaluation of sources, and understanding of historiography.
SQA Higher History exam (paper 1) - 2023 (marking instructions)
The document provides marking instructions for the 2023 Higher History exam on British, European and World History. It outlines general marking principles and principles for specific question types, including essays. For essays, it describes how marks should be awarded for historical context, conclusions, use of knowledge, analysis, and evaluation. The marking instructions provide guidance to examiners on assessing responses consistently according to SQA standards.
SQA Higher History exam (paper 1) - 2023
This document contains instructions and questions for a History exam on British, European and World History from 2023. It is divided into two sections, with Section 1 focusing on British history and Section 2 on European and World history. Each section contains multiple parts on different time periods and topics. Students must choose one part from Section 1 and one from Section 2, and answer one question from each of the two parts they chose. The questions range from short answers to longer essay questions assessing students' understanding of key historical developments, causes, consequences and interpretations.
Higher History exam (paper 2) - 2023 (marking instructions)
The document provides marking instructions for the 2023 Scottish Higher History exam on Scottish History. It outlines general marking principles, marking principles for different question types, and detailed marking instructions for specific questions. For question 1, candidates can earn marks for interpreting the viewpoints in two given sources about the Guardians ruling Scotland after King Alexander III's death, and for providing relevant outside knowledge. Overall, the document provides a framework for examiners to consistently mark student responses for this exam.
SQA Higher History exam (paper 2) - 2023
Sources A and B provide differing interpretations of the early growth of Protestantism in Scotland in the 1550s-1560s. Source A emphasizes that many Scots were dissatisfied with the Catholic Church and open to Protestant ideas due to works criticizing the Catholic Church. Source B stresses the impact of Protestant preachers like John Knox and the support of powerful lords and the passing of laws against Protestant literature.
Source C outlines the Second Book of Discipline's vision of an independent Kirk governed by presbyteries and assemblies rather than bishops or the Crown. It notes James VI's opposition to these plans in 1581, with Presbyterians believing the King should submit to the Kirk, while the King and nobility disagreed
Higher Migration and Empire - reasons for emigrant scots' success
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Similaire à Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Poverty
Chapter 2 a brief history of the american social welfare state
This chapter examines the historical antecedents of the American social welfare state, examining the early institutions that addressed human needs. The influence of Judeo Christian charity customs is examined, as well as the English Poor Laws which served as an early model for much of American social welfare. These influential eras of social welfare development – colonial America, the Civil War, Progressivism, the Great Depression, Post-World War II, the Great Society – are linked to modern welfare state. The roles of industrialization and the voluntary sector are also examined. Early social welfare leaders who emerged throughout the 19th and 20th centuries created structures that would advance social justice in America, create models for social welfare responses, and champion causes to improve conditions for vulnerable populations.
The Social Security Act of 1935 Old-Age Assistance .docx
The Social Security Act of 1935: Old-Age Assistance
Final Submission: Policy Analysis and Recommendation Paper
Southern New Hampshire University
HSE-330: Public Policy and Advocacy
Executive Summary
This paper provides the background analysis of the Old-Age Assistance under the Social Security Act of 1935. The specific legislation was examined the political, economic and the social events that set the stage for the legislation. The analysis of the effectiveness of the programs that address the needs of the beneficiaries and the urgency of the Old-age assistance to the social issue. The review of the advantages and disadvantages of the legislation including the legal and ethical matters, diversity issues and addressing legal and ethical concerns with further strategies. The paper also measures the current and future burdens of the social security act and tackled about who was the responsible for developing, and implementing the legislation. Due to the crisis of poverty that reflects the population’s burden. The research also includes additional organizations that are interested and implemented the act. In addition to the strategies for the building support and social protections.
Preface
The goal of the Social Security Act of 1935 is to support and provide universal welfare by implementing policies that will advocate old-age benefits. The Social Security Act allows and develops the states to make better and efficient provisions for those people in need. The Act provide and implement a compensation law for the needy senior citizens, persons with disabilities, unemployed, single mothers, cripple children, injured workers and blind persons. The act also includes public health and general welfare programs for the poor children and families. The Social Security Act of 1935 aims to organize a Social Security Board that will manage and administer the human welfare, to provide adequate plans and implement effective methods that will prevent potential problems of the state, a board that will organize to raise the revenue of the county for the general welfare by means of compensation, company expenses and the taxes, the organization that will protect the resources and associates of the federal government and provide assistance for all individual needs (Social Security Act of 1935). The outstanding program below the Social Security Act of 1935 is the Title I- Grants to States for Old-Age Assistance. The program was supported by the Social Welfare Organization, a part of a federal government organization. The Old-Age Assistance was authorized by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress (Social Security (n.d.)).
Background
Briefly examine how major social, political, and economic events and other legislation have set the stage for the specific legislation you are considering.
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Chapter 2 a brief history of the american social welfare state (2022 update)
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
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The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
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significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
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'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
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to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
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cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Poverty
- 2. Family Allowances Act In 1946 the Family Allowances Act came into law. This was to help tackle ‘want’. The Act gave weekly payments to all mothers with two or more children. The payment was 5 shillings per week for each child (except the oldest).
- 3. Family Allowances Act The Family Allowances Act was a huge help to families where the husband had been killed during the war. Also as it was paid directly to the mother it was felt that this would make it more likely to be spent on household items.
- 4. Family Allowance Act The F.A.A. was hugely helpful to many – but it did not help families with only one child. Also, the payment stopped at 18 which often forced the young person to work, rather than continue with their education.
- 5. National Insurance Act The 1946 National Insurance Act built on the work started by the original Act in 1911. All working age people had to pay money to the government each week, which led to them being given help when they needed it.
- 6. National Insurance Act People could get sickness and unemployment benefit, an old age pension (women at 60, men at 65) and other benefits such as maternity and death grants. This was a far more generous type of welfare cover than ever before.
- 7. National Insurance Act Weekly contributions were around 5% of earnings, a lot to the very poorest people. People were only entitled to all benefits after paying national insurance for ten years, so some people missed out.
- 8. National Assistance Act Many people could not afford to pay National Insurance, so in the 1948 the National Assistance Act was introduced. This allowed poor people to apply for extra financial help if they needed it.
- 9. National Assistance Act This Act meant that the very poorest – who would have missed out on help – were given assistance e.g. £2 per week for married couples. This was especially helpful for elderly people that did not qualify for a pension.
- 10. National Assistance Act Government benefits did not take account of inflation, and so lost value over time, helping people less. Also, it was means-tested and not universal, which many felt went against the spirit of the welfare state.
- 11. Poverty Seebohm Rowntree carried out other poverty studies in York in 1936 and 1950. He found that average poverty levels in 1936 were around 36%, falling to only 2% by 1950.
- 12. * LINKS * Improving the education system was meant to allow poorer children to get a better education – and then escape poverty. Better housing tackled poverty by improving living conditions.