The premise of this presentation is quite simple. Cory Doctorow (2012) stated in his talk entitled ‘An elegy for a book’ that, “The library of tomorrow should be better than the library of today”. When framed in the context of the Internet, the current Information Age, and the foreseen Internet of Things this becomes an obvious statement that many would assume to be true. However, upon closer examination of the issues surrounding libraries, Doctorow’s statement is quite complex, especially with regards to libraries making the transition to including eBooks as an ever expanding portion of their book collections under the current legal structures of extended copyright and Digital Right Management software and systems. In order to comprehend the root causes of the why Doctorow would need to make such an apparent statement about future libraries, the presentation will introduce the concepts of the traditional commons (Hardin, 1968), current anticommons (Heller, 1998), and how extended copyright has reduced the number of print books and eBooks available (Heald, 2008 & 2014, Smith, Telang & Zhang, 2012). Less available content is cause for concern for English educators as learning management systems are becoming common place which in turn need to be content rich and perhaps compete on a more global scale for students. One solution of a mashup of open domain content will be proposed. Specifically, a real world example of providing lexically analyzed eBooks and audio books for teachers of English in Lesser Developed (LD) countries by using books in the public domain will be presented.
The Road to Copyright Literacy: a journey towards library empowermentCILIPScotland
Dr. Jane Secker, Senior Lecturer in Educational Development at City, University of London and Chris Morrison, Copyright and Licensing Compliance Officer, University of Kent- CILIPS Conference 2017
The Road to Copyright Literacy: a journey towards library empowermentCILIPScotland
Dr. Jane Secker, Senior Lecturer in Educational Development at City, University of London and Chris Morrison, Copyright and Licensing Compliance Officer, University of Kent- CILIPS Conference 2017
Web usability in practice: a case study from the First World War Poetry Digit...Kate Lindsay
This presentation goes through the background to the First World War Poetry Digital Archive, then proceeds to outline how a variety of different user engagement strategies informed the development and the sustainability of the web site.
Le prime 11 proposte per la semplificazione e a favore della sburocratizzazione elaborate dai consiglieri democratici che costituiscono oggetto di apposite proposte di legge. Un primo goal contro la burocrazia.
Web usability in practice: a case study from the First World War Poetry Digit...Kate Lindsay
This presentation goes through the background to the First World War Poetry Digital Archive, then proceeds to outline how a variety of different user engagement strategies informed the development and the sustainability of the web site.
Le prime 11 proposte per la semplificazione e a favore della sburocratizzazione elaborate dai consiglieri democratici che costituiscono oggetto di apposite proposte di legge. Un primo goal contro la burocrazia.
Digital book markets: Building markets for accessPeter Brantley
Growth of digital book markets, changes and stresses in creation of ebooks, discussion of the BookServer Project, and ways in which legislative approaches can facilitate access to books online.
Library generally means a place where several types of resources are stored in an organised way and made accessible to the community for reference or borrowing. A library can store resources in various formats like the earliest form which used clay tablets in the Sumerian civilisation at 2600 B.C. or as written books in the classical Greece period in the 5th century. After Gutenberg it changed to printed form like books, periodicals, newspapers, maps, prints, documents, manuscripts etc. to modern formats which includes microforms, cassettes, videotapes, films, CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray discs, e-books, audiobooks, databases and much more. Nowadays all library resources are available totally in the electronic mechanism
called digital content. Here we are going to discuss the creation, store, handle, and use the digital contents/objects.
Lecture prepared & recorded for LIS 520: Information Resources, Services, and Collections (distance MLIS program, Information School, University of Washington, Winter 2010). T
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
1. Libraries and
the Digital Now
English Scholars Beyond
Boarders 3rd Annual
Conference. Providence
University, Taichung, Taiwan.
May 20, 2016
Dubhgan Hinchey
Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
2. The library of tomorrow
should be better than the
library of today.
- Cory Doctorow from, "An elegy for a book'.
3. Hardin (1968) introduced
the concept of the
“tragedy of the commons”.
Private property rights are
the solution to the
destruction of an
unregulated ‘commons’.
Example: Goats are grazing
in communal areas that are
unregulated, hence
destroying the communal
space of the mountain
slope via erosion from
overgrazing and damaging
young trees.
4. Heller (1998) proposed the
tragedy of the anticommons,
over privatization of resources
with multiple right holders,
prevents utilization of a
resource.
Example: The Piercefield
House as a current Tragedy of
the Anticommons. Efforts to
repair or restore the house
were unsuccessful. Currently,
"the main house has been
separated from the land and
parceled off into an off-shore
company".
5. Tragedy of the Commons
• Unregulated, communal spaces will be over used and destroyed since no one
individual has a vested interest in preserving the communal space.
Solution = Private property
Tragedy of the Anticommons
• Over privatization of resources with multiple right holders, prevents utilization of
a resource.
Solution = Incentivizing right holders to negotiate, reform legal barriers.
Tragically,
6. In a digital environment, both tragedies are solved.
Boyle (2003), states property law defines tangible property (physical stuff) as
having two characteristics
•Rivalrous in use (I can't eat the apple that you are eating.)
•Susceptible to overuse (Overfishing in a lake.)
BUT,
7. Digital resources can never be rivalrous in use because infinite,
perfect copies of a resource can be made at almost no cost.
• This then solves the problem of overuse and underuse. Everyone who wants a digital
resource can have it, with no determent to other potential users.
BECAUSE,
8. Yup, particularly extended copyright resulting in less print books and
eBooks.
• Extension of copyright "limited term“. The Sony Bono Copyright Term Extension Act of
1998, copyright term retroactively extended to 95 years maximum.
• Limited economic value. Only famous books continue to produce profits over time with
most books becoming out of print.
• Fewer copyrighted print & eBooks. 4 times more editions of public domain books v.
copyrighted books. More books under extended copyright (post 1923) are out-of-print or
not available as an eBook.
• Orphaned works are not utilized. Copyright law makes institutions risk adverse, i.e.
institutions with orphaned works do not make them available, derivative works are also
not created.
Umm, Copyright?
9. We have a legal structure in the form of extended copyright trying to
impose restrictions on digital resources that by nature are
unrestrictable.
• You don't own the eBooks that you purchase that are locked with Digital Rights
Management software or systems.
• The eBooks that you have subscribed to (not purchased) are tied to single user accounts
or a few devices.
• Print books are covered under the First Sales Doctrine, but eBooks are not. Therefore
libraries own less books, but pay more to companies like OverDrive or 3M to provided
eBooks access to patrons.
In summary,
10. What is an Open Educational Resource if not a some form of a
derivative work?
• No commons to use to create derivative works extremely limits creation of new, digital
educational resources.
• EFL teacher has to create (time consuming) materials for online use or
subscribe/purchase (expensive) to online sites that host the materials.
• Libraries spend more for fewer books, with no option to own eBooks.
• DRM makes devices and systems more susceptible to hacking because reporting software
bugs is illegal.
• Current legal systems surrounding eBooks is the opposite of the open access movement
and the mashup/maker movement.
So what?
11. Public domain eBooks via Project Gutenberg and Public domain
audio books via Librivox.
• Both Projects have cleared books as open domain as defined by U.S. copyright law.
• Works of both projects share the creative commons license which encourages the
creation of dirivative works (class materials) with the citation of source.
• All books are online and accessible in different formats (.txt, .epub, .mobi, .html, & mp3).
• Books are somewhat searchable via outdated bookshelves, author, title, and sometimes
genre.
What is missing is the lexical metadata that EFL students would need in order to find a
level appropriate eBook and audio book.
But wait,
12. Magic of Pearl scripts and open sourced software
• Collected text => Cleaned text => Counted total tokens => Ran tests and compared with
Common Core. (Common Core frequency list , most common words from COCA and BNC)
• Readability tests: Flesch Ease, Kincaid, and Fog.
• Overlap with each ban of the Common Core. 4 bands plus off list tokens.
• Collected gutenberg_ids for each eBook via 4 Project
Gutenberg bookshelves.
• Cross references with Librivox for an audio book version
of the same eBook and checked for illustrations.
17. References
Note: The Lessig (2000) paper is not freely accessible on the Internet, but behind a paywall at HeinOnline.
Akerlof, G. A., Arrow, K. J., Bresnahan, T. F., Buchanan, J. M., Coase, R. H., Cohen, L. R., Friedman, M., Green, J. R., Hahn, R., Hazlett, T. W., Hemphill, S. C., Litan,
R. E., Noll, R. G., Schmalensee, R., Shavell, S., Varian, H. R. & Zeckhauser, R. J. (2002). The copyright term extension act of 1998: An economic analysis.
Washington DC: AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies. Retrieved October 27, 2015 from
http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2002/05/copyright-litan
Boyle, J. (2003). The second enclosure movement and the construction of the public domain. Law and contemporary problems, 33-74.
http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1273&context=lcp
Brauneis, R. (2015). A Brief Illustrated Chronicle of Retroactive Copyright Term Extension. Social Science Research Network. Retrieved October 30, 2015 from
http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2611311
Hardin, G. (1968). The tragedy of the commons. Science, 162(3859), 1243-1248. https://www.sciencemag.org/content/162/3859/1243.full
Heald, P. J. (2008). Property rights and the efficient exploitation of copyrighted works: an empirical analysis of public domain and copyrighted fiction best
sellers. Minnesota Law Review, 92, 1031.
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=955954
Heald, P. J. (2014). How Copyright Keeps Works Disappeared. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 11(4), 829-866.
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2290181
Heller, M. A. (1998). The tragedy of the anticommons: property in the transition from Marx to markets. Harvard law review, 621-688.
http://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1608&context=articles
Korn, N. (2009). In from the Cold: An assessment of the scope of ‘Orphan Works’ and its impact on the delivery of services to the public. JISC and the
Collections Trust. Retrieved November 5, 2015 from http://sca.jiscinvolve.org/wp/ipr-publications/files/2009/06/sca_colltrust_orphan_
works_v1-final.pdf
Lessig, L. (2000). Copyright's First Amendment. UCLA L. Rev., 48, 1057.
Rappaport, E. B. (1998). Copyright term extension: Estimating the economic values. Congressional Research Service Report for Congress. Library of Congress.
Retrieved October 30, 2015 from http://ipmall.info/hosted_resources/crs/98-144.pdf
18. References continued
Smith, M. D., Telang, R., & Zhang, Y. (2012). Analysis of the potential market for out-of-print eBooks. Retrieved October 30, 2015 from
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2141422
U.S. Copyright Office. (2015). Orphan Works and Mass Digitization: A Report of the Register of Copyrights. Retrieved November 5, 2015 from
http://copyright.gov/orphan/reports/orphan-works2015.pdf
Piercefield House. (2016, May 6). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 01:09, May 10, 2016, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Piercefield_House&oldid=718927431