Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle
Making Buildings Cost- Effective through Building DesignJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is an attempt to accumulate the ideas as to how to make buildings cost- effective through the use of architectural design. It highlights the critical role and importance of architectural design in making buildings not only cost-effective but also sustainable over its entire lfe-cycle
Buildings like machines, remain major consumers of energy and resources. Critical issue in buildings shall remain; what kind of energy is used by the buildings- in majority of cases ,it is black energy, generated by burning coal, which is used in buildings. Buildings have not only to migrate from energy efficiency but have also to ensure that energy used is green and not black . Solar ,wind and geo-thermal energy remains the best options. While solar and wind energies are to be captured whereas geo-thermal energy is available within the building. However, technology is yet to catch up the geo- thermal energy.
Building design, material and construction technologies remain critical for any building to become zero-energy. Infact buildings have to graduate from zero-energy position to Energy positive .In achieving the agenda the role of architects will be critical. Infact designing and constructing energy positive building should be embedded in the study curricula of both architecture and civil engineering in order to achieve the defined agenda of energy optimization.
Presentation looks at the entire context of Bamboo as a critical green building- material which being called steel of 21st century- in terms of its advantages and use in creating sustainable, cost-effective, earthquake resistant and green buildings
Decarbonising Planet Earth ThroughGreen Building JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Buildings are known to be largest consumers of black and green energy besides consuming and generating large waste. Buildings remain anti-thesis to the nature, environmnet, ecology and resources. Every act of development is an act aginst nature. In order to make this planet earth more sustainable, liveable, having minimum carbon footprints, it will be critical to plan, design and construct buildings which are sistainable and least conumers of non-renewable resources. Building are like human beings, always evolving and devolving. Buildings need to be viewed as living entities, breathing all the times. Looking at the context of human living and global sustainability, buildings have to be viewed , planned, designed and constructed differently and distinctly. Buildings need to be valued and planned and designed in a most professional manner.Buildings hold the key to global and human sustainability.. They need best of professional input to make them promoters of quality living.
Technologies and materials assume critical importance in the planning, designing and construction of cost-effective, time-efficient, material efficient and sustainable buildings, Accordingly, it becomes important that available materials, manpower and technologies are critically evaluated in terms of their performance in making building supportive of environment and quality human living. Research and Development assumes importance and need support and resources to make construction sector more qualitative, supportive of resources and promoters of environment and ecology.
PPT is trying to brief role and importance of technology in making buildings qualitative, least consumer of energy cost-effective and sustainable. It also briefs about the agencies and involved in promoting technologies and also looks on the technologies in brief. It also considers role and importance of the materials in making buildings cost-effective. Presentation also tries to highlight the need of respecting material and using them in the natural form besides looking at the life-cycle cost to make them cost-effective in real sense of the term.
The document discusses strategies for reducing the cost of housing construction. It notes that building materials account for 60-70% of construction costs and advocates exploring alternative, low-cost materials that are locally available and environmentally friendly. Such materials could make housing more affordable and help address the basic needs of more people. The document also recommends modular construction techniques and energy-efficient designs to reduce costs.
Green architecture aims to minimize environmental impacts and prioritize sustainability. It focuses on efficient energy and water usage, non-toxic materials, and passive solar design. Green buildings provide environmental benefits like pollution reduction and conservation of resources, as well as economic benefits from reduced utility costs and improved occupant productivity. Sustainable design principles include considerations for site development, materials selection, energy efficiency, and indoor air quality.
Making Buildings Cost- Effective through Building DesignJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is an attempt to accumulate the ideas as to how to make buildings cost- effective through the use of architectural design. It highlights the critical role and importance of architectural design in making buildings not only cost-effective but also sustainable over its entire lfe-cycle
Buildings like machines, remain major consumers of energy and resources. Critical issue in buildings shall remain; what kind of energy is used by the buildings- in majority of cases ,it is black energy, generated by burning coal, which is used in buildings. Buildings have not only to migrate from energy efficiency but have also to ensure that energy used is green and not black . Solar ,wind and geo-thermal energy remains the best options. While solar and wind energies are to be captured whereas geo-thermal energy is available within the building. However, technology is yet to catch up the geo- thermal energy.
Building design, material and construction technologies remain critical for any building to become zero-energy. Infact buildings have to graduate from zero-energy position to Energy positive .In achieving the agenda the role of architects will be critical. Infact designing and constructing energy positive building should be embedded in the study curricula of both architecture and civil engineering in order to achieve the defined agenda of energy optimization.
Presentation looks at the entire context of Bamboo as a critical green building- material which being called steel of 21st century- in terms of its advantages and use in creating sustainable, cost-effective, earthquake resistant and green buildings
Decarbonising Planet Earth ThroughGreen Building JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Buildings are known to be largest consumers of black and green energy besides consuming and generating large waste. Buildings remain anti-thesis to the nature, environmnet, ecology and resources. Every act of development is an act aginst nature. In order to make this planet earth more sustainable, liveable, having minimum carbon footprints, it will be critical to plan, design and construct buildings which are sistainable and least conumers of non-renewable resources. Building are like human beings, always evolving and devolving. Buildings need to be viewed as living entities, breathing all the times. Looking at the context of human living and global sustainability, buildings have to be viewed , planned, designed and constructed differently and distinctly. Buildings need to be valued and planned and designed in a most professional manner.Buildings hold the key to global and human sustainability.. They need best of professional input to make them promoters of quality living.
Technologies and materials assume critical importance in the planning, designing and construction of cost-effective, time-efficient, material efficient and sustainable buildings, Accordingly, it becomes important that available materials, manpower and technologies are critically evaluated in terms of their performance in making building supportive of environment and quality human living. Research and Development assumes importance and need support and resources to make construction sector more qualitative, supportive of resources and promoters of environment and ecology.
PPT is trying to brief role and importance of technology in making buildings qualitative, least consumer of energy cost-effective and sustainable. It also briefs about the agencies and involved in promoting technologies and also looks on the technologies in brief. It also considers role and importance of the materials in making buildings cost-effective. Presentation also tries to highlight the need of respecting material and using them in the natural form besides looking at the life-cycle cost to make them cost-effective in real sense of the term.
The document discusses strategies for reducing the cost of housing construction. It notes that building materials account for 60-70% of construction costs and advocates exploring alternative, low-cost materials that are locally available and environmentally friendly. Such materials could make housing more affordable and help address the basic needs of more people. The document also recommends modular construction techniques and energy-efficient designs to reduce costs.
Green architecture aims to minimize environmental impacts and prioritize sustainability. It focuses on efficient energy and water usage, non-toxic materials, and passive solar design. Green buildings provide environmental benefits like pollution reduction and conservation of resources, as well as economic benefits from reduced utility costs and improved occupant productivity. Sustainable design principles include considerations for site development, materials selection, energy efficiency, and indoor air quality.
The document discusses green buildings and sustainable construction. It defines green building as a structure and construction process that is environmentally responsible and efficient in its use of resources throughout the building's lifecycle, from planning to demolition. The key principles of green building include efficiently using energy, water and other resources, protecting occupant health, and reducing environmental impacts. Some specific green building strategies and technologies discussed include using renewable energy, sustainable materials, water efficiency measures, and optimizing energy and indoor air quality. The document outlines the benefits of green buildings as including reduced costs, environmental impacts, and improved occupant health and productivity.
The document discusses green building principles and materials. It defines green building as construction practices that are environmentally responsible and efficient over a building's entire lifecycle. Green buildings aim to reduce energy and water usage, minimize waste, and promote health. Key principles include sustainable site design, water conservation, energy efficiency, indoor environmental quality, and use of green materials like recycled steel and dimension stone. The case study highlights the CII Godrej Green Building Center in India, which uses strategies like solar power, natural ventilation, water recycling, and earth sheltering to achieve high resource efficiency.
Sustainable housing aims to be healthy, durable, safe, affordable, and environmentally friendly. It uses efficient and renewable materials, connects to utilities efficiently, and minimizes pollution and energy usage. Sustainable design considers location, indoor quality, materials, energy usage, and innovation. Passive solar features like orientation, daylighting, and ventilation help harness the sun's energy. Using recycled materials, compact designs, and earth sheltering can boost efficiency and lessen environmental impact. While upfront costs may be higher, sustainable housing saves on utilities and maintenance over time.
This document discusses green building materials and construction techniques. It begins by defining what makes a building "green" and then discusses several green building features like efficient energy and water use, renewable energy, and use of sustainable materials. It provides examples of green building materials like wool bricks, fly ash bricks, and solar tiles. It also covers green construction techniques such as prefabricating materials, construction waste management, and using materials selected for their recycled content and local sources. Overall, the document promotes adopting green building practices to reduce environmental impacts throughout the construction process.
This document discusses green building materials and construction techniques. It begins by defining what makes a building "green" and then discusses several green building features like efficient energy and water use, renewable energy, and use of sustainable materials. It provides examples of green building materials like wool bricks, fly ash bricks, and solar tiles. It also covers green construction techniques such as prefabricating materials, construction waste management, and using materials selected for their recycled content and local sources. Overall, the document promotes adopting green building practices to reduce environmental impacts throughout the construction process.
Green building aims to reduce environmental impact through sustainable practices like efficient energy and water use, healthy material selection, and waste reduction. It incorporates passive solar design, renewable energy, and water recycling to lessen resource consumption and promote occupant well-being over the entire building lifecycle from construction to demolition.
Green building, also known as sustainable construction, aims to reduce environmental impact through resource efficient design and construction practices. It includes techniques like optimizing energy efficiency, using renewable materials, and generating less waste. The key goals of green building are to efficiently use energy, water and other resources; improve occupant health; and reduce pollution and degradation. Some benefits include reduced operating costs, improved productivity, and protection of natural environments and human health. While green buildings have advantages, there can also be challenges like higher initial costs, longer construction timelines, and ensuring proper indoor air quality.
The document discusses green building, which refers to structures and construction processes that are environmentally responsible and efficient with resources throughout a building's lifecycle. Key elements of green building include energy efficiency, water efficiency, waste management, indoor air quality, and efficient design. Green building aims to maximize sustainability and minimize environmental impacts. It can help reduce operating costs and provides healthier spaces for occupants compared to conventional buildings.
The document discusses the functional requirements of buildings. It outlines several key principles for building planning including orientation, cross ventilation, damp proofing, and placement of walls and roofs. It also describes factors like comfort, durability, fire protection, insulation, and strength that must be considered in building design. Functional requirements include providing adequate light and ventilation while maintaining dimensional stability, durability, economy, and protection from fire, dampness, and termites.
This document discusses key principles and elements of sustainable architecture. It defines sustainable architecture as considering environmental, technical, financial, organizational and social factors. Key principles discussed include optimizing energy use through renewable energy and efficiency, conserving resources through water reuse and durable materials, using eco-friendly local materials, and working with the natural land. Elements like building size, orientation, energy efficiency, windows, and materials are discussed as important sustainability considerations in architectural design.
This document discusses techniques for building low-cost housing in India. It outlines key features such as being inexpensive, saving money while maintaining quality, and using resources sustainably. Growing population increases the need for affordable housing. Different building techniques that reduce costs are discussed, including recycling materials, extensive planning, modular construction, and infilling empty areas. Foundations, walls, lintels, and roofs can all be constructed in a more affordable manner through techniques like using thinner walls, arches, and filler slabs in roofs. Affordable housing solutions using light gauge steel allow for fast construction of houses at lower cost than conventional methods.
Green buildings are Eco-friendly, resource efficient and are very energy efficient. They are more comfortable and easier to live with due to low operating and owning costs.
This presentation consists of brief introduction about green buildings, their design and benefits.
Best Regards:
Engr. Muhammad Ali Rehman
This document discusses cost management in buildings. It notes that buildings are large consumers of resources and major contributors to pollution and carbon emissions. Effective cost control during design and construction is important as projects often suffer from cost and time overruns due to poor cost management. Good design, project management, schedules, budgets, and monitoring can help achieve cost control. Designing buildings to be more sustainable, green, and energy efficient can also improve cost effectiveness over the lifetime of the building.
This document describes plans for a new "Rainbow Eco-District" development that will utilize ecological architecture and sustainable design principles. The development will include new low-rise buildings constructed with eco-friendly natural materials that minimize energy consumption and maximize green space. It will incorporate shops, cafes, and other mixed-use spaces to foster social interaction among residents. The eco-district is envisioned to set a new standard for comfortable yet sustainable living.
The document discusses sustainable design considerations for tall buildings. It explains that tall buildings have higher energy and resource needs than low-rise buildings. Sustainable design can help address this issue by minimizing impacts. Key aspects of sustainable tall building design include using renewable materials and energy sources to reduce costs and environmental impacts. Design must also consider efficient water and energy use, healthy indoor environments, and cultural/social factors. Techniques like passive solar orientation, natural ventilation, and green energy technologies can contribute to more sustainable tall structures.
A green building is designed to minimize environmental impact through efficient resource use, renewable energy, and sustainable materials. It aims to reduce impacts and consider human health. A green building maintains or improves environmental quality through high efficiency to reduce consumption of energy, water, and other resources, which minimizes pollution. LEED certification establishes a points system to evaluate sustainability based on location/transport, materials/resources, water/energy use, and more.
Sustainable architecture aims to minimize environmental impact through site analysis, passive design, material selection, and energy and water management. It creates buildings adapted to the local climate that maximize occupant comfort while integrating natural systems. Examples described include homes that enhance cross ventilation, harvest rainwater, orient openings for daylighting, and connect indoor and outdoor spaces to moderate temperatures. The goal is to design structures and plan communities that preserve natural resources for future generations.
This document summarizes an institutional building project in China designed by SUP Atelier. The building, called THE-Studio, serves as a demonstration of sustainable design strategies and experimental platform for sustainable architecture suited to the local climate and culture of southwest China. Key features include the use of modular and prefabricated construction methods to minimize site disruption, integrated sustainable systems within building cavities, and a unique double-skin facade that combines vernacular rattan weaving with industrial technology. Passive design strategies take advantage of natural ventilation, daylighting, underground air tunnels, and renewable materials. Field tests confirmed the design achieved effective thermal, humidity and ventilation performance suited to the local moderate climate zone.
Sustainable architecture seeks to minimize environmental impacts and promote efficiency. It considers energy and resource use over a building's entire lifecycle. Key principles include reducing energy and water use with techniques like passive solar design, green roofs, and rainwater harvesting. Sustainable materials conserve resources and may include recycled, renewable, or local options. Achieving sustainable design requires optimizing building envelopes, incorporating renewable energy, and prioritizing human and environmental health. Examples of sustainable buildings apply these principles across various types and demonstrate reductions in operating costs and environmental impacts.
Heritage Conservation.Strategies and Options for Preserving India HeritageJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the role , relevance and importance of built and natural heritage, issues faced by heritage in the Indian context and options which can be leveraged to preserve and conserve the heritage.It also lists the challenges faced by the heritage due to rapid urbanisation, land speculation and commercialisation in the urban areas. In addition, ppt lays down the roadmap for the preservation, conservation and making value addition to the available heritage by making it integral part of the planning , designing and management of the human settlements.
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
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Similaire à Making Buildings cost-effective , Energy Efficient ptx
The document discusses green buildings and sustainable construction. It defines green building as a structure and construction process that is environmentally responsible and efficient in its use of resources throughout the building's lifecycle, from planning to demolition. The key principles of green building include efficiently using energy, water and other resources, protecting occupant health, and reducing environmental impacts. Some specific green building strategies and technologies discussed include using renewable energy, sustainable materials, water efficiency measures, and optimizing energy and indoor air quality. The document outlines the benefits of green buildings as including reduced costs, environmental impacts, and improved occupant health and productivity.
The document discusses green building principles and materials. It defines green building as construction practices that are environmentally responsible and efficient over a building's entire lifecycle. Green buildings aim to reduce energy and water usage, minimize waste, and promote health. Key principles include sustainable site design, water conservation, energy efficiency, indoor environmental quality, and use of green materials like recycled steel and dimension stone. The case study highlights the CII Godrej Green Building Center in India, which uses strategies like solar power, natural ventilation, water recycling, and earth sheltering to achieve high resource efficiency.
Sustainable housing aims to be healthy, durable, safe, affordable, and environmentally friendly. It uses efficient and renewable materials, connects to utilities efficiently, and minimizes pollution and energy usage. Sustainable design considers location, indoor quality, materials, energy usage, and innovation. Passive solar features like orientation, daylighting, and ventilation help harness the sun's energy. Using recycled materials, compact designs, and earth sheltering can boost efficiency and lessen environmental impact. While upfront costs may be higher, sustainable housing saves on utilities and maintenance over time.
This document discusses green building materials and construction techniques. It begins by defining what makes a building "green" and then discusses several green building features like efficient energy and water use, renewable energy, and use of sustainable materials. It provides examples of green building materials like wool bricks, fly ash bricks, and solar tiles. It also covers green construction techniques such as prefabricating materials, construction waste management, and using materials selected for their recycled content and local sources. Overall, the document promotes adopting green building practices to reduce environmental impacts throughout the construction process.
This document discusses green building materials and construction techniques. It begins by defining what makes a building "green" and then discusses several green building features like efficient energy and water use, renewable energy, and use of sustainable materials. It provides examples of green building materials like wool bricks, fly ash bricks, and solar tiles. It also covers green construction techniques such as prefabricating materials, construction waste management, and using materials selected for their recycled content and local sources. Overall, the document promotes adopting green building practices to reduce environmental impacts throughout the construction process.
Green building aims to reduce environmental impact through sustainable practices like efficient energy and water use, healthy material selection, and waste reduction. It incorporates passive solar design, renewable energy, and water recycling to lessen resource consumption and promote occupant well-being over the entire building lifecycle from construction to demolition.
Green building, also known as sustainable construction, aims to reduce environmental impact through resource efficient design and construction practices. It includes techniques like optimizing energy efficiency, using renewable materials, and generating less waste. The key goals of green building are to efficiently use energy, water and other resources; improve occupant health; and reduce pollution and degradation. Some benefits include reduced operating costs, improved productivity, and protection of natural environments and human health. While green buildings have advantages, there can also be challenges like higher initial costs, longer construction timelines, and ensuring proper indoor air quality.
The document discusses green building, which refers to structures and construction processes that are environmentally responsible and efficient with resources throughout a building's lifecycle. Key elements of green building include energy efficiency, water efficiency, waste management, indoor air quality, and efficient design. Green building aims to maximize sustainability and minimize environmental impacts. It can help reduce operating costs and provides healthier spaces for occupants compared to conventional buildings.
The document discusses the functional requirements of buildings. It outlines several key principles for building planning including orientation, cross ventilation, damp proofing, and placement of walls and roofs. It also describes factors like comfort, durability, fire protection, insulation, and strength that must be considered in building design. Functional requirements include providing adequate light and ventilation while maintaining dimensional stability, durability, economy, and protection from fire, dampness, and termites.
This document discusses key principles and elements of sustainable architecture. It defines sustainable architecture as considering environmental, technical, financial, organizational and social factors. Key principles discussed include optimizing energy use through renewable energy and efficiency, conserving resources through water reuse and durable materials, using eco-friendly local materials, and working with the natural land. Elements like building size, orientation, energy efficiency, windows, and materials are discussed as important sustainability considerations in architectural design.
This document discusses techniques for building low-cost housing in India. It outlines key features such as being inexpensive, saving money while maintaining quality, and using resources sustainably. Growing population increases the need for affordable housing. Different building techniques that reduce costs are discussed, including recycling materials, extensive planning, modular construction, and infilling empty areas. Foundations, walls, lintels, and roofs can all be constructed in a more affordable manner through techniques like using thinner walls, arches, and filler slabs in roofs. Affordable housing solutions using light gauge steel allow for fast construction of houses at lower cost than conventional methods.
Green buildings are Eco-friendly, resource efficient and are very energy efficient. They are more comfortable and easier to live with due to low operating and owning costs.
This presentation consists of brief introduction about green buildings, their design and benefits.
Best Regards:
Engr. Muhammad Ali Rehman
This document discusses cost management in buildings. It notes that buildings are large consumers of resources and major contributors to pollution and carbon emissions. Effective cost control during design and construction is important as projects often suffer from cost and time overruns due to poor cost management. Good design, project management, schedules, budgets, and monitoring can help achieve cost control. Designing buildings to be more sustainable, green, and energy efficient can also improve cost effectiveness over the lifetime of the building.
This document describes plans for a new "Rainbow Eco-District" development that will utilize ecological architecture and sustainable design principles. The development will include new low-rise buildings constructed with eco-friendly natural materials that minimize energy consumption and maximize green space. It will incorporate shops, cafes, and other mixed-use spaces to foster social interaction among residents. The eco-district is envisioned to set a new standard for comfortable yet sustainable living.
The document discusses sustainable design considerations for tall buildings. It explains that tall buildings have higher energy and resource needs than low-rise buildings. Sustainable design can help address this issue by minimizing impacts. Key aspects of sustainable tall building design include using renewable materials and energy sources to reduce costs and environmental impacts. Design must also consider efficient water and energy use, healthy indoor environments, and cultural/social factors. Techniques like passive solar orientation, natural ventilation, and green energy technologies can contribute to more sustainable tall structures.
A green building is designed to minimize environmental impact through efficient resource use, renewable energy, and sustainable materials. It aims to reduce impacts and consider human health. A green building maintains or improves environmental quality through high efficiency to reduce consumption of energy, water, and other resources, which minimizes pollution. LEED certification establishes a points system to evaluate sustainability based on location/transport, materials/resources, water/energy use, and more.
Sustainable architecture aims to minimize environmental impact through site analysis, passive design, material selection, and energy and water management. It creates buildings adapted to the local climate that maximize occupant comfort while integrating natural systems. Examples described include homes that enhance cross ventilation, harvest rainwater, orient openings for daylighting, and connect indoor and outdoor spaces to moderate temperatures. The goal is to design structures and plan communities that preserve natural resources for future generations.
This document summarizes an institutional building project in China designed by SUP Atelier. The building, called THE-Studio, serves as a demonstration of sustainable design strategies and experimental platform for sustainable architecture suited to the local climate and culture of southwest China. Key features include the use of modular and prefabricated construction methods to minimize site disruption, integrated sustainable systems within building cavities, and a unique double-skin facade that combines vernacular rattan weaving with industrial technology. Passive design strategies take advantage of natural ventilation, daylighting, underground air tunnels, and renewable materials. Field tests confirmed the design achieved effective thermal, humidity and ventilation performance suited to the local moderate climate zone.
Sustainable architecture seeks to minimize environmental impacts and promote efficiency. It considers energy and resource use over a building's entire lifecycle. Key principles include reducing energy and water use with techniques like passive solar design, green roofs, and rainwater harvesting. Sustainable materials conserve resources and may include recycled, renewable, or local options. Achieving sustainable design requires optimizing building envelopes, incorporating renewable energy, and prioritizing human and environmental health. Examples of sustainable buildings apply these principles across various types and demonstrate reductions in operating costs and environmental impacts.
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Heritage Conservation.Strategies and Options for Preserving India HeritageJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the role , relevance and importance of built and natural heritage, issues faced by heritage in the Indian context and options which can be leveraged to preserve and conserve the heritage.It also lists the challenges faced by the heritage due to rapid urbanisation, land speculation and commercialisation in the urban areas. In addition, ppt lays down the roadmap for the preservation, conservation and making value addition to the available heritage by making it integral part of the planning , designing and management of the human settlements.
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
Bridging gap between resources and responsibilities at Local level.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text refers to need, role, relevance and importance of empowering urban local bodies by bridging gap between resources available and responsibilities bestowed, for enabling ULBs to operate and function as institutions of local governance more effectively and efficiently.
Construction Industry Through Artificial Intelligence -.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Considering the role, relevance and importance of construction sector in promoting economy, generating employment and creating wealth besides providing infrastructures and amenities, there is need to make the sector more effective, efficient, productive and sustainable. Driven manually, construction sector remains in the slow lane of creating quality built environment which are cost-effective, energy efficient, least consumers of resources and generators of waste. Artificial intelligence can help and empower the construction to make it more valuable, productive and qualitative besides supportive of environment and ecology. However, construction sector must be ready to co-operate and collaborate with IT industry to look for options and opportunities to make construction sector more qualitative and productive. Majority of urban ills and climate related issues can be resolved if Artificial intelligence can be embedded as integral part of the construction industry right prom planning, designing, construction, operation and management of the built environment and infrastructures. Communities and nations will save lot of valuable non-renewable resources if the construction sector is transformed from human led to technology led by the induction of Artificial intelligence. However, Construction industry has to search the areas where Artificial intelligence can be used effectively and intelligently.
Making Urban India a Role Model of Planned Urban Growth a.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Known for productivity, promoting economy, employment and innovations cities, when properly planned, rationally developed and professionally managed, have been labelled and recognized as engines of economic growth. Prosperity and urbanisation are known to have positive co-relation with rational urbanisation, leveraging growth and development of any community, city, state and region. In majority of developing countries, where urbanisation remains unregulated, forced largely by rural push and less by urban pull, cities invariably remain in crisis, crisis of population, crisis of poverty, crisis of development and management. Cities need to be cared ,incentivized, empowered and made more productive, effective, efficient and humane.
Redefining Globalization, urbanisation and LocalisationJIT KUMAR GUPTA
If cities are to made more livable, humane and productive, it is time that intent, contents and scope of globalization must be revisited and reviewed, both critically and objectively. Globalisation would need redefinition for promoting universality and inclusiveness among people and nations to have basic amenities and quality of life for all its residents , including poorest of the poor to lead a dignified life. Failure to redefine globalization, rationalise urbanisation, restore localization empowering poor and promoting universalisation and inclusivity; will invariably lead to making SDGs merely a paper exercise. In addition, making the world, cities and communities sustainable, livable, safe and inclusive, would remain merely a dream and a mirage, for future generations and communities, making planet earth as their preferred place of residence.
Knowing, Understanding and Planning Cities- Role and Relevance Physical Plan...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for its complexities and operational inefficiencies. cities remain dynamic ,ever evolving, ever devolving, never static and never finite.
All cities remain different, distinct, unique and universal. No two cities are similar. Each city has its own strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Accordingly, problem faced by any city cannot be viewed, dissected, analyzed and enumerated, while sitting within the four walls of the air-conditioned rooms and by the so called intellectual sitting in the so called offices determining the future of cities and towns. Neither the cities can be made more rational by limited knowledge agencies providing consultancy to cities , states and nations.
For realistically and rationally understanding, analyzing the cities and having simple, cost-effective and quality solutions to the problems and challenges faced , Cities have to be walked through and concerns of the various communities have to be properly understood and appreciated.
Prime reason for inability and lack of capacity on the part of majority of physical planners, engaged in the art and science of planning, designing and developing the cities, to address the issues and challenges faced by cities , realistically and rationally, has genesis in the lack of understanding of the origin, growth and development of cities.
Lack of capacity in majority of town planners, has roots in the quality of education imparted and seriousness and commitment on the part of both teachers and taught involved. As it stands today, majority of institutions involved in imparting education in planning are being run on an ad-hoc manner and by proxy. Only few institutions have regular teachers and regular students. Majority of planning institutions are being run on proxy with proxy students and proxy teachers. Education system including curricula used for teaching, needs, review, revision and redefinition to make it more relevant to rational for addressing the issues and challenges faced by the cities and towns.
Land as a Resource for urban finanace- 24-1-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
PPt tries to brief Land, as a gift of nature, is being grossly misused, abused , manipulated Land is globally used for providing platform for all human driven activities, based on living, working, culture of body/ mind and travel.
Limited availability, coupled with large number of human beings trying to source land, has invariably created large demand for land resource for human consumption. Land, in urban context, is required for meeting the specific needs of urban dwellers for residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, travel& traffic purposes besides providing space for infrastructures , amenities, services, trade and commerce etc. Land in urban context remains under large demand and command high price due to concentration of large population in small physical area, with stakeholders making competing claims.Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused. In order to make optimum use of land resource on 24x7x365; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all ULBs are made to focus on eliminating culture and practices promoting un-authorized/ illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the cities. Land needs to be effectively leveraged to generate resources for ULBs to make cities vibrant.
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its capacity, capability, role, relevance and importance to change the quality of life of the occupants and communities. Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle through designing, construction, operation. It calls for making buildings green and sustainable.
Ppt briefs about role, relevance, importance of the rating systems applicable in India, criteria used in assessing
greeness, weightage allocated, , brief of how these rating systems are applied, parameters involved; weightage granted, levels of rating granted , incentives given by states for green rated buildings and brief of suggestions, how to make rating system more effective, efficient, objective and transparent.
The phenomenon of global warming remains more pronounced in the urban areas, for the reason cities house large concentration of people and activities in a small/compact urban space.Densely-built downtown areas tend to be warmer than suburban residential areas or rural areas.. UHI not only raises urban temperatures but also increases ozone concentrations because ozone is a greenhouse gas whose formation will accelerate with the temperature. Tokyo, an example of an urban heat island. Normal temperatures of Tokyo go up higher than those of the surrounding area. However, it needs to be understood and appreciated that climate change is not the cause of urban heat islands but it is causing more frequent and more intense heat waves which in turn amplify the urban heat island effect in cities. Major reasons for ever growing global warming and climate change can be attributed to the; Nature and natural; Human-Driven; population; Rapid Urbanisation; Irrational Urban planning; High Density; Inefficient Transportation ;Large generation/consumption of fossil fuel based Energy; Unsustainable Buildings; Polluting Industry & Manufacturing; Unsustainable Agriculture; Irrational Development; Large scale Deforestation; Lack of open spaces and individual life-choices;
Making and Unmaking of Chandigarh - A City of Two Plans2-4-24.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is a narrative of a
capital city- known for its innovative planning, designing, construction and management of a new capital . It briefs about the principles used in the planning and designing of city -by the first team of planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki-- followed by the second team led by Le- Corbusier, P Jenerette, Jane B Drew , Maxwell Fry. It also details about the various aspects of the city planning, planning of the sector as a neighbourhood, typologies of
various developmental controls used for regulating the construction of buildings. Innovations used for regulating the growth and development of periphery; redensification of city in case city exceeds its planned population of half a million, creating a narrative of city and periphery, innovative landscaping, defining an edict for the city to educate the future citizens of the capital city to safeguard the future growth and development besides lessons learnt from planning and designing the new cities.
Planning and Designing Green buildings-.issues, options and strategiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Affordability and sustainable development are considered anti-thesis across the world. Generally there exists conflict between the approach to sustainable built environment and affordable buildings. Sustainable development is considered more expensive. According to Middleton, ‘Sustainability and affordability aren’t mutually exclusive goals. It’s not about adding extra, but thinking more carefully about the design of buildings and incorporating technologies that can offset the rising costs of energy, water and other services. Affordability and sustainability are known to fit together perfectly’.
Through excellent design, buildings can be made more sustainable and affordable. Smaller the footprint of buildings, lower will be the upfront costs and embodied energy and lower shall be the running costs of buildings. Looking at the entire context of health, rising cost of amenities/services; Sustainable/Green designs are now being increasingly adopted, to make built environment more cost-effective and affordable. Considering the enormous amount of built environment to be created, India will have no option but to tread the path of sustainability and sustainable development in the built environment. Sustainable built environment would also help in and go a long way in achieving the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for the reason, built environment is known to be the largest consumer of energy, avoid wasteful use of resources and minimise generation of waste. Global sustainability will be largely contingent upon how effectively and efficiently we can make our buildings sustainable and qualitative through innovative/green design solutions based on local climate and culture, valuing site planning, embedding orientation, cross ventilation, using renewable/waste materials and involving state of the art building technologies.
_Neighborhood Planning in Capital City of Chandigarh- An Appraisal (2) - Copy...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Neighborhood as an idea, concept, option and strategy has been extensively used locally and globally by the Urban Planners to plan and decentralize cities, create cities within cities, promote self-contained communities and to make cities more humane, safe and socially vibrant. Neighborhood has also been used recently to define the city in terms of travel time - making 10/15 minutes city
Accordingly, large typologies of NH ,in terms of planning and designing , with varying shapes, sizes and contents have emerged in the urban context. Americans have used superblock and French using Sector for defining the neighborhood. Despite distinct advantages, holding high degree of relevance in urban and local area planning , NH planning has not been able to deliver the envisioned objectives of safety and social vibrancy. Cities in the process have been socially, economically and physically fragmented, leading to clear division of cities into different communities with little economical and social connectivity. Variance of planning and designing norms followed at NH and sub-neighborhood levels have promoted more dichotomy and contradictions with varying quality of life inducted at local level. Differential population and infrastructures have divided the city into the categories of high/low end NH units. Fabric and morphology of cities, in large cases, has been distorted with urban settlement emerging as a distinct social map of communities graded economically and socially,on the basis of area/location . In the process, the way NH planning concept has been used, neighborhood planning has emerged as an instrument of social and economic segregation/division. In fact in number of cases, concept has been used, misused, abused in intent and content to divide the cities into distinct social and economic layers. Instead of unifying , concept has led to division of cities.
Genesis of modern application of NH can be found in the planning and designing of Chandigarh where entire city fabric of capital city was woven around Sector as the basic unit of planning, concptulasied as self-contained and self-sustaining unit at the local level. However, the way sectors have been planned, it has led to dividing the cities into different and distinct communities. Individual status in Chandigarh can be judged from his/her residence. Concept of Sector has done more damage than good to the fabric of the city. Chandigarh is likely to face considerable problem in making city socially and economically cohesive/vibrant,. Sectors in Chandigarh remain anti-thesis to the basic concept of NH planning of safety, involving walkability, vehicular movement, putting commercial space in the centre. Considering role, relevance, importance and usability , NH needs to be planned, designed with care and caution, in order to make cities socially and economically vibrant, inclusive. NH planning deserves a new definition and approach to make it relevant and rational.
Reviewing, Revising and Redefining Master Plans and Development Plans to Ma...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Looking at its efficacy and efficiency, it can be seen and observed that Master Plans/ Development Plans have done more damage than good for the planned growth and development of the cities to which they have been made applicable. These plans have been violated with impunity both by the people, communities, cities and parastatal agencies; for the betterment/welfare of which these plans were prepared. These plans have been visualized as controller of development rather than promoters of development. Instead of planned development , these plans have been usherers of the unplanned development. These plans are known to be responsible for promoting large number of slums besides making quality of life poor for majority of the urban inhabitants. Cities under Master Plans are also known to promote exclusion rather than inclusion. Master Plans/Development Plans are known to promote prosperity for few and marginalize the large proportions of the local community by making them poor. Instead of catering to urban dynamism, Master Plans/Development Plans try to freeze the city, for next two decades, to which it is made to serve. Accordingly, these plans need to be reviewed , rationalised, revised and redefined to make them better Master Plans/Development Plans
Rationalizing the Planned Growth of Urban India- paper.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused, based on a strategy of sub-division of the land, dictated by the economic forces prevailing in the market. Irrational and ineffective public policies of urban planning and land sub-division, devoid of prevailing ground realities, have turned out to be incompatible with the demands of urban expansion, leading to large scale un-authorized and illegal sub-division of land. In the process, valuable land resources, gift of nature, has been misused, abused and mutilated in this race of uncontrolled and irrational urbanisation. In order to make optimum use of land resource; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all urban centres are made to focus on eliminating the culture and practices promoting un-authorized/illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the country.
Suggestion and Options for integrating villages. within the framework of the...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Preparing Master Plans/Development Plans for any urban settlements, basically and essentially, involves declaring a planning area for which the said long term plans are prepared. Planning area invariably includes and involves, number of rural settlements, which comprise of the planning area besides the urban settlement. It has been observed that in majority of cases, while detailed studies and analysis are carried out of the urban settlements but villages in the study and analysis remain marginalized, diluted and muted. Despite the fact, villages have critical role in the rational development of the urban settlement, but in preparing Master Plans their role and relevance is not made part of the said plan. Accordingly, this text tries to bring out the typologies of villages falling in the planning area and the suggested framework to develop these villages in making Master Plans, better Master Plan. In order to improve Master Plan qualitatively, quantitively, both in intent, contents and scope, It will be appropriate that all the villages falling in the planning area must be studied , analyzed and made integral part of the final outcome of the proposals of Master Plan. In-fact one Chapter must be exclusively dedicated to detail out the issues faced by the Villages and options which can be leveraged to promote the rational growth of villages ,as an integral part of the long term development of the urban settlement , for which the Master Plan is being prepared. This will help not only in integrating the urban- rural settlements falling in the planning area, but would also go a long way in promoting and ensuring rational growth and development of the urban settlement, for which the Master Plan is being prepared.
Making cities Climate Responsive and SustainableJIT KUMAR GUPTA
“Decarbonization” of cities ,as an issue ,as an option and as a strategy , has been gaining currency in the parlance of; making planet earth livable and sustainable. “Decarbonization has been globally valued for keeping the global temperature below 1.5C, and achieving the agenda and goals defined in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, defined by UN for achieving universal sustainability. Despite distinct role and relevance, criticality and importance of decarbonization of cities has neither been properly understood and appreciated nor made integral part of the architectural practice and art and science of designing and construction of buildings. Consuming one -third of global energy (33%) and generating 39% of greenhouse gas emissions buildings have been considered as the major player in the domain of climate change and global warming. Since Architects and Architecture are
actively involved in the making and unmaking of buildings, accordingly it becomes important that planners and architects must play a significant role in making
cities and buildings least consumers of energy and generators of the minimum greenhouse gas emissions. This objective can be achieved if decarbonizing cities/buildings is made a distinct reality . Issue of decarbonizing the cities/buildings assumes importance for the reason, that world’s building floorspace is likely to be become double by the year 2060, with the addition of large number of newcities/ buildings due to rapid urbanization, population growth and economic development ; required for catering to
to the needs of additional population opting for urban living.
Managing Planning and Development of Citie- 26-2-24.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities in India are known to be in perpetual crisis; facing numerous crises in terms of; crisis of rational growth, crisis of orderly and planned development; crisis of effective and efficient urban management; crisis of making provision of basic infrastructure and services; crisis of climate change; crisis of global warming; crisis of poverty, pollution and population and crisis of making human living and prevailing environment qualitative. These urban crises have genesis in the fact that cities in India, lack ownership, command, authority and lack of willingness to run and manage cities professionally and objectively. In majority of cases, cities in India are run by proxy. In terms of physical growth and development; large cities are marked by multiplicity of agencies claiming right/ownership of development over the urban areas, whereas smaller cities face absence of such ownership and are made to run, operate and function like orphans
Agenda, Approach and Options for Rationalising and Redefining Future Indian ...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Government of India/state policies, programs, mission and agenda must move providing basic essentials to all its citizens through an efficient, objective and transparent system of governance. For making cities livable and empowering people; right to basics/essential of human living including; Right to shelter, food, clothing universal access to healthcare, education, employment , infrastructures, amenities and mobility; should be made integral part of Indian Constitution by embedding it as Fundamental Rights/Directive Principles of state policy besides making them integral part of planning, development and management/governance process of all human settlements.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
3. BUILDINGS --AS CONSUMERS OF RESOURCES
•Built environment– significantly impact environment /consumption of
resources/generators of waste/climate change/rising temperature:
16% of world’s fresh water withdrawal.
25% of wood harvested.
30% of consumption of raw material.
50% of global energy consumption.
35% of world's CO2 emission
40% of Municipal solid waste.
50% of Ozone depleting CFC’s still in use.
30% of residents having sick building syndrome
• --70% of global warming outcome of ;
•--built environment & transportation
-- Majority of existing buildings
--- low concern for energy conservation.
6. DESIGNING COST-EFFECTIVE BUILDINGS
A building design is said to be to be cost-effective if it--
- has a lower whole life cost, including
-- low initial design and construction cost
-- low operational and maintenance cost
-- low parts replacement cost
-- High disposal cost or salvage value and
-- Large useful life of system or building
-- without compromising with the quality of life
--Using minimum resources
--Consumes minimum energy
-- consume minimum water
- Generates its own energy
-- generating minimum waste.
- providing high indoor quality
-Making users healthy and productive
7. DESIGNING COST-EFFECTIVE BUILDINGS
Building Design -- most powerful tool to achieve cost- effectiveness –
Buildings need to be designed by adopting integrated approach to
design which include;
Optimizing the macro climate- climatic zone
Optimizing the local climate
Optimizing the Orientation-
Optimizing the Solar movement-- to maximizes use of free solar
energy for heating /lighting- Generating electricity
Optimizing Wind direction-air flow
Optimizing site planning--- planning with nature, making best use of
site climate/ site potential, orientation, landscaping
Optimizing space planning in building-
Optimizing Design of Building envelop- Height, openings, projections,
shading devices -- with minimum energy implication
Designing buildings which facilitates the use of cost-effective materials
and cost effective technologies
8. PROMOTING ECONOMY THROUGH GOOD DESIGN
Good Architectural design based on following principles—
Buildings to be the product of site- driven by its shape, size,
dimensions, physical features, surroundings, accessibility,
location, neighborhood, views , architects vision etc
Doing a detailed analysis of the site through a SWOT
Making best use of the strength of the site
Overcoming through design all the prevailing weaknesses
Respecting site and the existing physical features
Avoiding tempering with the site through minimizing
disturbance
Avoiding cutting the existing trees, flora and fauna- making them
integral part of designing of building
Minimising cutting and filling of the site
Making best use of materials available on the site
In case of rebuilding- using maximum demolished material in the
new building
In the contoured site- try to plan along the contours and not
across the contours- to avoid cutting and filling
9. PROMOTING ECONOMY THROUGH GOOD DESIGN
Good Architectural design based on following principles—
Define clearly the goals/agenda of building right in the beginning.
Building performance must be monitored even after building is made
operational.
Design a compact building with minimum footprints
Workout building details right in the beginning
Involve all professionals right in the beginning for designing and
detailing
Avoid changes/alterations during construction
Design buildings based on specified norms and standards to avoid
their over/under-designing
Adopt a shape which leads to minimum length and area of walls
With maximum usable area
Building must achieve high space efficiency-- carpet area x100/gross
area--- with minimum area under walls, circulation and amenities
Evolving design having-- low wall area/plinth area ratio
Evolving design on optimum structural grid
Plan room sizes based on the available product sizes of flooring- to
avoid wastage
10. REDUCING CONSTRUCTION COST- DESIGN
Design with least amount of wastage & negative spaces.
Stick to right/ obtuse angles and simple room shapes to
minimize complexity of construction.
Where design is form based- avoid negative spaces or spaces having acute
angles
Build multi- storied construction- because per square foot
of foundation and roofing costs are high.
Don't increase room ht.- instead of area/adopt Volume
Design Lean- Decrease self -load of building
Don't design for additional floors if not required
Use same flooring in rooms/ toilets-reduce wastage.
Plan Electrical/Plumbing- services carefully- .
Don't compromise on quality--reduce requirements to fit
your budget
Look at life-cycle cost rather than initial cost to achieve
real cost effectiveness- Initial cost only 10%, operational
cost- 90%
11. ECONOMY THROUGH GOOD DESIGN
Promote Sharing--Adopt a system of building common walls between
adjoining houses to economise on space, materials, time / structure
For multi-storeyed buildings--- repeat floor plans one above other –
with no change in structural components
Keep/club your spaces that need plumbing --close together or above
each other to minimize cost
Design all public health services near to supply / drainage network to
reduce length of pipes and cost
Design Green Buildings – saves lot of water and electric energy- makes
building cost- effective over entire life cycle
Provide standard sized doors with limited variations- minimise sizes of
doors provided
Minimise number of doors
All finishing/fittings- floor, windows, glass, paneling etc designed
based on standard size products available in market- to minimise
wastage etc-- Build to match standard material dimensions.
Using pre-caste /pre-fabricated products to the extent possible- doors/
windows cupboards etc
Avoid fancy/false/decorative structures in building
12. ECONOMY THROUGH GOOD DESIGN
Use Flexibility-Make rooms versatile to optimise space utilisation—
-- example - do you really need a living room --same space can serve
many uses. A guest room can be an expensive luxury
Design spaces based on living and non-living areas- with living areas
placed in the best possible orientation
Avoid corridors to extent possible- Corridors can be dead spaces-- only
used for moving between adjacent spaces
-Avoid single loaded corridors- to optimize space
Where unavoidable- provide optimum width of the corridors
Think long term-- as cost of ownership spans may be many years. Some
extra insulation and passive heating / cooling may be beneficial over length
of your home ownership. .
Select your window placement well-- they are costly - in first cost and in
energy loss---select standard window sizing.
Keep bathrooms to a minimum, --- most expensive room per square foot in
home.
Try to design multi use bathrooms--- with private enclosures for shower,
toilet and sink-- Make 3 people using one bathroom at same time.
Ensure having a Good indoor quality of internal spaces
Make optimum use of courtyards in narrow sites and in hot climate
Make courtyard spaces multi-functional
13. PROMOTING ECONOMY THROUGH GOOD DESIGN
Building envelop needs to be designed with care
Avoid unnecessary projections and balconies- make buildings
expensive and consume large amount of space.
Openings- windows and doors need to be placed carefully- looking
objectively the requirement of sunlight, air and ventilation.
Sizes and placement of the windows need careful study- they are
expensive
Shading devices have to be carefully worked out and can be largely
avoided based on careful study of the orientation and the site.
Make best use of the vegetation and trees to shade and make
buildings cool
Avoid multi-layering of projections to protect openings
Make best use of arches instead of Concrete lintels to reduce cost
Use of Jallis to cover large/small openings can help in achieving dual
purpose of providing light and ventilation besides avoiding large glass
windows
Avoid cladding of external walls and allow the natural materials to
define the building envelop
14. PROMOTING ECONOMY THROUGH GOOD DESIGN
Minimizing area under walls to make buildings lightweight
and to increase carpet area.-- using pre-cast concrete
blocks, reducing width of walls-7 1/2 “ instead of 9” walls/
pre-cast concrete blocks
Use innovative technologies-- Rat-Trap brick walls to
reduce quantity of material used
Evolving design on optimum structural grid
Use new cost- effective materials ---aerated cement
concrete blocks to reduce the width of walls, weight of wall,
number/ size of joints, use of cement etc
Use local & contemporary materials
Use materials in the natural form- avoid using additional
layers on natural material
Use materials having minimum maintenance cost
Use UPVC or Aluminium Windows instead of teak wood,
same goes for doors, use flush doors instead
15. PROMOTING ECONOMY THROUGH GOOD DESIGN
Minimise provision of dead/storage spaces in the usable
areas- make use of negative spaces- making multiple uses
of space under the stairs etc
Adopting Solar Passive Building Design makes building
cost- effective over entire life-span
Limiting the scope of building--Build What You Need
Makes building effective, efficient and cost-effective.
Adopting the approach-- less is more-- will always make
buildings more compact and efficient
Adopting the principle-Simple is beautiful - will always
make buildings cost- effective
Designing, thin , lean and smart makes a building cost-
effective
Plan for life-cycle cost and not initial cost
18. COST OF BUILDING PROJECT-INITIAL COST
Initial Building Project cost comprises of:
i Cost of Land, Land Registration, land survey
ii Cost of Designing , plan approval
iii Cost of developing Site
iv Cost of Construction
v Cost of Money
vi Carrying Charges
vi Government fees and Taxes
vii Cost of Advertisement
viii Legal expenses
ix Cost of Supervision
x Cost of Manpower and Security
xi. Cost of Equipment and Furniture
xii Transportation and Travel Charges
xiii Cost of Making buildings Green, Energy efficient
xiv Cost of Time
xv Contractor’ Margin
xvi Builder’s Margin
xvii Miscellaneous and Unforeseen Charges
19. WHAT CONSTITUTES INITIAL COST OF BUILDING
Life Cycle Cost of building depends upon:
I Cost of land
ii Cost of construction
iii Cost of maintenance and
iv Cost of parts replacement cost
v. Disposal cost or salvage value, and
vi Useful life of system or building
Building cost viewed --in both -- short term & long term
Building cost also evaluated -- Initial Cost & Life Time Cost
Short Time Cost includes-- Initial Cost of Construction of building
Long Term Cost component --- whole life cost.
-- To promote economy in building– Life
cycle cost of building will be critical
21. Building Year
awarded
Built-in Area
(sq.ft)
Rating
Achieved
%
Increase
in cost
Payback
(Yrs)
CII-Godrej GBC,
Hyderabad
2003 20,000 Platinum 18 % 7 years
ITC Green Centre,
Gurgaon
2004 1,70,000 Platinum 15 % 6 years
Wipro,
Gurgaon
2005 1,75,000 Platinum 8 % 5 years
Technopolis, Kolkata 2006 72,000 Gold 6% 3 years
Spectral Services
Consultants Office, Noida
2007 15,000 Platinum 8% 4 years
Kalpataru Square 2008 3,00,000 Platinum 2% 2 years
Suzlon One Earth, Pune 2010 8,00,000 Platinum 2% 2 years
COST OF GREEN BUILDINGS-INDIAN EXPERIENCE
Cost showing a decreasing trend over the years
Incremental Cost lower-- if base design has already factored normal Green features
22. DESIGNING COST -EFFECTIVE BUILDINGS
1. Adopting integrated approach to building design
2. Design based on Climate
Macro Climate – Regional climate; Meso Climate– local climate
Micro Climate--Site climate -- based on site characteristics,
3. Orientation -- to optimize light , heat gain/ heat loss
4. Sun movement-- to maximizes use of free solar energy for heating /lighting
5.Wind direction---using air movement for ventilation/ cooling
6. Planning of Building-- optimize site, size, shape, planning spaces, allocating
uses, placing rooms, circulation, promoting building efficiency, promoting natural
sunlight, air / ventilation
7.Designing Building Envelop--– Mass – space relationships/ solids/voids,
positioning –openings/projections, shading devices, height, shape of building, natural
lighting and ventilations etc
8. Materials- low embodied energy; locally ; natural form, lightweight
9.-Technology- cost effective/material efficient/speedier/energy efficient
10.ndoor Air Quality-Creating optimum living conditions for occupants
23. Daylighting
Local materials
NDIAN WAY OF APPROACHING DESIGN
Rediscovery of Indian ethos
We worship 5 elements of Nature (Panchabhutas)
Prithvi (Earth) Sustainable Sites
Jal (Water) Water Efficiency
Agni (Energy) Energy Efficiency
Vayu (Air) Indoor Environmental Quality
Akash (Sky) Daylight
Views
Water body
25. INTEGRATED DESIGN PROCESS
Five Climatic Zones In India-
Hot and Dry
Warm and Humid
Moderate / Temperate
Cold (Cloudy/Sunny)
Composite
All green buildings need not-- to be same
All zones have specific requirements regarding:
--light,
--heat,
--ventilation and
--thermal comfort
Different zones require different design strategies regarding --
building envelop,
--HVAC,
-- Lighting ,
-- Fenestration,
-- Performance standards
43. COST EFFECTIVE STRATEGY FOR ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
Reduce energy
demand by
passive measures
Reduce energy
demand by active
measures
Integration of
renewable energy
Least
cost
impact
Some
cost
impact
Highest
cost
impact
• Climate responsive
architectural design
• Efficient building envelope
• Daylight harvesting
• Integration of natural sources
for cooling & heating in
building design.
Offset energy demand from the
grid by installing on-site
renewable energy
• Energy efficient equipment
• Lights
• Fans
• Air- conditioners
• Efficient building Operation &
Maintenance through BMS (Building
Management System) & Smart
Metering
44. (WWR)
Window-wall ratio;-- ratio of window area to exterior
wall area of facade.-- important for determining
energy performance of building.
-- Windows -cause energy loss twice more the wall-
impact heating, cooling, lighting, ventilation. -
Size/number of windows - designed according to
climatic conditions.
--In addition to- interior/exterior shading/ high-
performance glazing system --Windows reduce
undesirable solar heat gains through windows
48. Optimization of
water demand
Use of water
efficient systems
Use of recycled
water and rainwater
harvesting
Some
cost
impact
Highest
cost
impact
Least
cost
impact
COST EFFECTIVE STRATEGY FOR WATER EFFICIENCY
51. STRUCTURE DESIGN EFFICIENCY
Building / construction sector accounts for;
-- Half of total Energy usage
- Consumption of 1/3rd of raw material
- - Causing depletion of natural resources
- -Undertaking - Optimization / selecting innovative
structural systems --helps minimizing weight of structure-
self load/dead load of buildings
- -helps minimize consumption of natural resources.-
Structure- typical shapes/ cross-sections/ varieties - being
developed to optimize use of Materials.
52. COST- EFFECTIVE ENERGY EFFICIENT MATERIALS
Building materials considered 'green' include:
-- rapidly renewable plant materials -- bamboo and straw,
stone, recycled stone, recycled metal ,
--- Non-toxic, reusable, renewable, and/or recyclable Products include--
- Recycled industrial goods-- minimize waste products from environment.
-- Coal combustion products, foundry sand,
-- Demolished debris in construction projects
Green materials are:
Made up of recycled content
Containing natural/ renewable content
Available Locally
Reduced transportation.
Salvaged/refurbished or remanufactured
Reusable or recycled
Durable –must last longer than their conventional counterparts
-- Use of energy efficient and eco-friendly equipments
Materials assessed on the basis of--
-- Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) --
embodied energy,
55. AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE
Autoclaved aerated concrete
- (sand, calcined gypsum, lime
(mineral), cement, water and
Aluminum powder,)
- -- versatile
- - lightweight construction material
- used as blocks which are:
- Lightweight
- low density with
--excellent insulation properties.
-- good acoustic properties
-- durable
--- good resistance to sulphate attack
---- damage by fire /frost.
-- used as inner leaf of a cavity wall.
-- also used in outer leaf,
-- when rendered in foundations.
Autoclaved aerated concrete
-- easily cut to any required shape.
56. UPVC( UNPLASTISIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE) DOORS AND
WINDOWS
The Vinyl windows
--- excellent insulators :
--Reduce heating / cooling
loads by:
- preventing thermal loss
through frame / sash material
-- not affected by -
-weather/ air pollution / salt,
acid rain/ industrial pollution
,pesticides ,smog,
discoloration/ structural
damage .
- user friendly
- Eco- Friendly
- ,-- readily accepted and safe
57. BAMBOO
i. Strength at par with hard wood
--- Bamboo extremely strong natural fibre, on par with
hardwoods-- when cultivated, harvested, prepared and stored
properly
-- Bamboo, like true wood, is a natural composite material with
a high strength-to-weight ratio useful for structures.
--Bamboo has higher compressive strength than wood,
brick or concrete and a tensile strength that rivals steel
ii High Flexibility - Bamboo highly flexible--during growth
trained to grow in unconventional shapes.
-- After harvest, may be bent /utilized in archways / curved
areas.
iii. Earthquake-resistance - Great capacity for shock
absorption, -- makes it useful in earthquake- prone areas.
iv. Lightweight - Bamboo extremely lightweight.
-- Building with bamboo can be accomplished faster with
simple tools than building with other materials.
-Cranes /other heavy machinery rarely required.
v. Cost-effective – Economical
--- especially in areas where cultivated/ readily available.
--Transporting cost also much lesser.
-- Helps achieve cost effective construction.
58. HOLLOW BLOCKS Hollow blocks allow ;
- Adoption of thinner walls
- Increased floor space,
- Air space of -- 25% block’s
total area,
- Saves material.
- Lightweight
- - Less self-load of building-
--- Use less material for
jointing
- - Withstand
earthquake better
- - Easy to install
- -- Since blocks are
precast,
-- surface is smoother
-- requires less plastering
material.
.
62. APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
-- originally Known as--intermediate technology
– evolved by economist Ernst Friedrich-- “ Fritz Schumacher ”
-- in his work Small Is Beautiful--Outcome of energy crisis of 1970s
Options for solving local issues must focuses-- on environment
/ Sustainability Issues&
--technological choice made applicable-- must be based on ;
--small- time operation,
-- which is affordable
-- labor-intensive,
-- energy-efficient,
-- environmentally friendly
--people-centric.
Involving locally solution
--Mahatma Gandhi -- often cited as --"father" of appropriate technology movement.
63. PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS
Prefabricated buildings are buildings,
-- designed /constructed in factories in
parts,
-- as per modular design,
- Transported & placed on site
--joined through in-situ concrete or
anchors.
numerous prefab technologies used
in India/ in different countries.
National Building Code of India,--
-- prepared design standards for
--various prefab Technologies being
used in India.
64. TRADITIONAL ON -SITE CONSTRUCTION-ISSUES
Majority of construction in India follow;
-- traditional on-site pattern of construction.
--Known as linear construction
-- where every component constructed on site &
-- also completed before project moves to next phase.
--Construction major implications in terms of
-- time;
-- cost,
--quality,
safety,
noise,
pollution,
manpower
65. TRADITIONAL ON -SITE CONSTRUCTION-ISSUES
Highly time consuming-time intensive
Generating large scale waste- material inefficient
Construction dictated by prevailing weather - Weather dependent
Unsafe for workers deployed in construction.
Large manpower needed for making /supervision- manpower intensive
Large inventory of material- material intensive/Storage facilities
Creation of accommodation for workers deployed at construction
Loss/theft of material- Constructed/Individual/human oriented
Large variation in quality- dependent on work force deployed
Use of lot of water/energy – resource intensive- Grey Buildings
Increased initial cost of construction- cost inefficient
Uneconomical in cost/resources- cost overrun
Delayed return / Unpredictable project schedule- Construction inefficiency
Limited application in hazardous areas
Large site disruption ;Adverse impact on surroundings- Pollution intensive;
66. PRE- FABRICATION/MODULAR CONSTRUCTION/OFF-
SITE- ADVANTAGES
Building in Hazardous Area
Assured Quality Construction
Material Efficiency
Cost- Efficiency
Green Construction
Flexibility
Reduced Site Disruption
Time Efficiency
Safety
70. CHANDIGARH WAY OF COST- EFFECTIVENESS
- Adopting design solutions providing for optimum utilization of space
; row housing -- to minimize area under walls;
common walls-- between adjoining houses to economize on space and cost;
using bricks, locally available ;using modular system of optimum grid of 8’-3”;
using walls as structural elements to support roof;
using Pre-cast battens and tiles for roof
clubbing services within house /adjoining houses
; extensively using brick jallis for perforation
minimizing size of openings--- -to economize on cost of wood and glass;
using standard battened doors with cross braces;
bringing large area under exposed brick work to minimize maintenance;
variety achieved through recessed entry, small square windows, projecting structural
walls, exposed roof battens
Pre-cast gargoyles for draining rain water-- instead of cast iron rain water pipes;
maximum height of room placed at 9’-6”;
using simple floors -- made of plain cement;
maintaining high quality of construction-- using quality bricks ;
minimizing -- use of steel ,concrete and shuttering.
Adopting a clustering approach in layout plan
71.
72.
73. COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE
VICTORIA HALL KOLKATA
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
FRONT FAÇADE ADORNED WITH DEEP SCREEN OF PRE-
CAST CONCRETE, A SORT OF MINIATURE brise-soleil
80. PEARL RIVER TOWER- GUANGZHOU, CHINA
NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
YEAR OF COMPLETION- 2011
SITE AREA-10635SQ.M.
PROJECT AREA- 214,100SQ.M.
(2.3MILLION SQ.FT.)
NO. OF STORIES- 71
HEIGHT OF BUILDING-309 M
ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACHIEVED
THROUGH
--SOLAR PANELS/
PHOTO VOLTAIC CELLS
-- WIND TURBINES
-- DAY LIGHT HARVESTING
-DOUBLE SKIN CURTAIN WALLS
--CHILLED CEILING WATER
UNDER FLOOR VENTILATION
81. BAHRAIN WORLD TRADE CENTER - BAHRAIN
• Generating 15% energy from windmills
• Two 240 meter twin sky scrapers joined by
three windmill--, each 3 meters wide, attached to
walkways
87. FERROCEMENT TECHNOLOGY
A thin walled composite concrete with a uniform distribution of reinforcement of
chicken wire mesh and weld mesh, encapsulated in a rich cement mortar
Drastic reduction in section thickness & reinforcement; by using an arch Geometry
New buildings must be designed to be climate responsive by appropriate orientation and incorporating shading devices.
Envelope must be made efficient by using insulation and well sealed windows.
Day