Management of Physical Resources
Components and maintenance of physical aspects (school building site of the school and hostel)
Component and maintenance of learning resources (instructional material, audio visual aids, library)
its all about the content and methods of comparative eduction,
meaning
scope
national system of education
philosophical factor
religious factor
geographical factor
economic factor
This document discusses various challenges in curriculum development from different perspectives. It examines challenges from the viewpoint of curriculum area, including vocational-technical education, medical education, business education, fine arts, and technology education. It also looks at challenges from the educational level perspective of elementary education, secondary education, and higher education. Additional challenges come from issues of curriculum organization, planning processes, relevance and quality of education, rapid social and technological changes, and emerging realities like borderless learning and population growth. Technology is seen as central to addressing these challenges and transforming education for a globalized world.
Unit 6. Curriculum Development in Pakistan.pptxTanzeelaBashir1
The document discusses curriculum development in Pakistan. It provides definitions of curriculum from various scholars and discusses the characteristics, elements, foundations, process, types and factors affecting curriculum development in Pakistan. It emphasizes that teachers play a central role in curriculum implementation and should be involved in all stages of curriculum development, including planning, creation, implementation, and reflection. Professional development programs are needed to help teachers effectively carry out their important role in curriculum development and implementation.
Management of Physical Resources in SchoolKritika Kohli
This document discusses the importance of physical infrastructure for schools. It defines physical infrastructure as the school buildings, grounds, furniture, and equipment needed for education. It emphasizes that the school head must effectively manage these resources to achieve educational objectives. The document then outlines key components of physical infrastructure and what they should include, such as well-designed classrooms, a library with various resources, laboratories, administrative blocks, staff rooms, playgrounds, and rooms for art, music, and other activities. Proper physical infrastructure is outlined as essential for a good learning environment and students' development.
The philosophical basis of education emphasizes that philosophy is the end and education is the means to achieve that end. In other words, philosophy determines the goal of life and education tries to achieve the goal through its aims and curriculum.
The document discusses several educational philosophies and their implications for curriculum development. It outlines four main philosophies: perennialism, rooted in realism, focuses on classical subjects, literacy analysis, and a constant curriculum. Essentialism, rooted in pragmatism, emphasizes mastery of basic skills and essential subjects. Progressivism, rooted in idealism and realism, uses interdisciplinary and interactive subjects based on student interests. Reconstructionism, also from pragmatism, concentrates on current issues of national and global importance. Each philosophy guides curriculum content, teaching methods, and goals in different ways.
Educational Administration and ManagementNafisa Khan
The document discusses various theories of educational administration including classical, neo-classical, and critical theories. It describes key aspects of each theory such as scientific management principles, administrative management functions, and the focus on social values and ideologies in critical theory. Several theorists are discussed who contributed to different approaches, including Fayol, Gulick, Weber, Mayo, Maslow, and McGregor. The theories provide tools to help educational leaders with tasks like motivation, decision-making, policy implementation, and building effective relationships within the school system.
EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIONFidy Zegge
Distinguish the terms Administration and Management
In a school system who do you consider a part of management: A) Parents B) School Board, C) Headmaster D) Teachers E) Non-Teaching Staff?
Explain two main differences between educational administration and education management.
its all about the content and methods of comparative eduction,
meaning
scope
national system of education
philosophical factor
religious factor
geographical factor
economic factor
This document discusses various challenges in curriculum development from different perspectives. It examines challenges from the viewpoint of curriculum area, including vocational-technical education, medical education, business education, fine arts, and technology education. It also looks at challenges from the educational level perspective of elementary education, secondary education, and higher education. Additional challenges come from issues of curriculum organization, planning processes, relevance and quality of education, rapid social and technological changes, and emerging realities like borderless learning and population growth. Technology is seen as central to addressing these challenges and transforming education for a globalized world.
Unit 6. Curriculum Development in Pakistan.pptxTanzeelaBashir1
The document discusses curriculum development in Pakistan. It provides definitions of curriculum from various scholars and discusses the characteristics, elements, foundations, process, types and factors affecting curriculum development in Pakistan. It emphasizes that teachers play a central role in curriculum implementation and should be involved in all stages of curriculum development, including planning, creation, implementation, and reflection. Professional development programs are needed to help teachers effectively carry out their important role in curriculum development and implementation.
Management of Physical Resources in SchoolKritika Kohli
This document discusses the importance of physical infrastructure for schools. It defines physical infrastructure as the school buildings, grounds, furniture, and equipment needed for education. It emphasizes that the school head must effectively manage these resources to achieve educational objectives. The document then outlines key components of physical infrastructure and what they should include, such as well-designed classrooms, a library with various resources, laboratories, administrative blocks, staff rooms, playgrounds, and rooms for art, music, and other activities. Proper physical infrastructure is outlined as essential for a good learning environment and students' development.
The philosophical basis of education emphasizes that philosophy is the end and education is the means to achieve that end. In other words, philosophy determines the goal of life and education tries to achieve the goal through its aims and curriculum.
The document discusses several educational philosophies and their implications for curriculum development. It outlines four main philosophies: perennialism, rooted in realism, focuses on classical subjects, literacy analysis, and a constant curriculum. Essentialism, rooted in pragmatism, emphasizes mastery of basic skills and essential subjects. Progressivism, rooted in idealism and realism, uses interdisciplinary and interactive subjects based on student interests. Reconstructionism, also from pragmatism, concentrates on current issues of national and global importance. Each philosophy guides curriculum content, teaching methods, and goals in different ways.
Educational Administration and ManagementNafisa Khan
The document discusses various theories of educational administration including classical, neo-classical, and critical theories. It describes key aspects of each theory such as scientific management principles, administrative management functions, and the focus on social values and ideologies in critical theory. Several theorists are discussed who contributed to different approaches, including Fayol, Gulick, Weber, Mayo, Maslow, and McGregor. The theories provide tools to help educational leaders with tasks like motivation, decision-making, policy implementation, and building effective relationships within the school system.
EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIONFidy Zegge
Distinguish the terms Administration and Management
In a school system who do you consider a part of management: A) Parents B) School Board, C) Headmaster D) Teachers E) Non-Teaching Staff?
Explain two main differences between educational administration and education management.
Under the nature of management and educational management
Examine critically the principles of management and make efforts to implement these principles in education.
Analyze the management process, elements and functions of management
High light the importance of Islamic management
Management is an art as were science of
Getting the work done
With the help of other people
Within the given budget
With in the given deadlines
The document discusses a humanistic curriculum, which focuses on the holistic development of students by addressing their cognitive, affective, and psychomotor development. A humanistic curriculum is rooted in humanistic psychology and aims to develop students' self-concept, interpersonal skills, and ultimately self-actualization. It views students as individuals and facilitates their growth through participatory learning methods rather than a didactic approach.
The document discusses educational planning in India. It outlines key concepts in educational planning like goals, objectives, features, and aspects of planning. It then describes India's system of educational planning, governance, and financing at the central, state, and local levels. Some highlights covered are the roles of the central government, state governments, sources of education funding, and education indicators and targets outlined in India's Five-Year Plans.
Four way agenda of teaching educational psychologyHennaAnsari
Educational psychology provides valuable insights into teaching by answering important questions about how people learn, how to motivate learners, and how to address student behavior issues. It helps solve four main problems in teaching: understanding students, effective teaching strategies, classroom management, and content delivery. Educational psychology influences teachers by focusing on classroom organization, instruction techniques, communication skills, and student interactions - all important aspects of the teaching process. It also helps teachers make better decisions by providing a foundation for handling instructional, motivational, management, and assessment challenges.
Needs Assessment
Importance of need assessment in curriculum development
purposes of need assessment in curriculum development
sources of need assessment in curriculum development
The objectives of curriculum evaluation are to: examine how historical, philosophical, ethical, social, economic and political factors influence curriculum; evaluate curriculum methods and structures in relation to national standards and value-added mandates; and relate cognitive and brain-based research to curricular methods, structure and intents. It also aims to analyze the compatibility of curriculum and assessments, explore curriculum's effects on teaching, learning, supervision and policy, evaluate curricular demands of a digital age, and define a personal philosophy around curriculum design, development and implementation.
This PPT aims to provide Knowledge and understanding to Learner about the concept of Educational Administration, Important of Educational Administration, Challenges of Educational Administration, Model of Educational Administration, Functions of Educational Administration, Levels of Educational Administration, Principle of Educational Administration, Nature of Educational Administration, Best Practices for Educational Administration and so on.
This document provides guidance for teaching diverse students, including those with special needs or who are reluctant learners. It discusses adapting teaching styles and materials to address different learning styles and abilities. The document also addresses culturally relevant teaching, socioeconomic factors, gender bias, English language learners, learning disabilities, disruptive behaviors, and creating supportive learning communities. The overall message is that teachers should understand each student's needs and background in order to engage all students in learning.
Principles & theories in curriculum development pptchxlabastilla
The document discusses the definition and purpose of curriculum from several perspectives. It describes curriculum as the total learning experience for students, including academic subjects as well as informal activities. An effective curriculum considers students' needs, sets clear learning outcomes, and outlines the content and teaching methods needed to achieve those outcomes. It provides order and structure for administrators, teachers, and students to ensure students receive a well-rounded education that prepares them for further education and career opportunities.
This document discusses evaluation at the secondary level in Pakistan. It covers the concept, nature, and importance of evaluation including determining academic progress, motivating students, and making educational decisions. The document also discusses internal and external evaluation systems, with internal exams conducted by schools and external exams conducted by outside authorities. Finally, it discusses the process of evaluation including planning, implementation, and feedback to improve the quality of education.
The Content and Method of Comparative EducationChe-Wei Lee
The document summarizes Kandell's 1955 article "The Content and Method of Comparative Education". It discusses key topics in comparative education including the historical context, aims and scope, importance of cultural and political forces, and challenges in establishing national education systems. The article also emphasizes that comparative education involves analyzing both similarities and differences between countries, as well as effective and ineffective cases, to better understand factors shaping different systems.
This document provides an overview of the concept of comparative education, including its meaning, need, scope, and structure of education in Pakistan. Comparative education involves comparing educational systems, practices, and outcomes across countries to better understand relationships between education and society. It can help improve national education policies and practices. The scope of comparative education encompasses subject matter, geographical units of study, ideological perspectives, themes, and historical development. Studying comparative education provides benefits like understanding one's own education system, solving problems, and promoting international cooperation. The education system in Pakistan has five levels - primary, middle, secondary, higher secondary, and higher education. At each level, the document outlines goals and approaches.
The document discusses educational planning and types of plans. It defines educational planning as preparing for post-secondary education by making arrangements to facilitate learning and skill development. There are three main elements in educational planning: predetermined objectives, use of scarce resources, and decision making. Educational planning ensures coordination of the education system and helps achieve goals like universal primary education. Strategic plans define long-term goals and priorities over 3-5 years while financial plans help achieve life goals through proper investment and money management.
The document discusses teacher education in comparative perspective. It begins by outlining the objectives of the subject, which include describing the aims and objectives of teacher education, understanding the competency and role of teachers, discussing teacher education in Pakistan and other countries, and explaining the role and responsibilities of teachers from an Islamic perspective. It then provides definitions of comparative education and teacher education. The remainder of the document discusses topics like the need for teacher education, objectives of teacher education programs, applying old and new teaching methods, the relationship between ideology and teacher education, the Islamic perspective on teaching, the relationship between communities and teacher education, and the role of research in teacher education, with examples from Pakistan.
The document discusses the concepts of curriculum and hidden curriculum. It defines curriculum as a plan for bringing desirable changes in student behavior and a tool for teachers to mold students according to objectives. Hidden curriculum refers to the unwritten norms, values, and expectations that are unconsciously transmitted to students through various aspects of the school environment and teacher behaviors. Examples mentioned include gender roles, social class, and cultural expectations that influence the social relationships between teachers and students both consciously and unconsciously through the organization of classrooms and schools as well as varying teacher expectations.
This document discusses the concept and process of educational planning. It defines educational planning as setting out strategies, policies, and standards in advance to achieve educational objectives. The key characteristics of educational planning are that it is logical, systematic, scientific, progressive, mission-oriented, and future-oriented. The main objectives of educational planning are universalizing education, vocationalizing education, and achieving economic upliftment and poverty eradication while preserving cultural heritage. The main steps in educational planning are policy making, plan formulation, and plan implementation.
The document discusses the concept of hidden curriculum, which refers to the unstated lessons, values, and perspectives that students learn in school. It is defined as the informal and often unintended lessons learned from factors like social structures, teacher behavior, rules, and cultural expectations in the school environment. Some key aspects that contribute to the hidden curriculum are peer pressure, cultural values promoted by the school, curricular topics, teaching strategies, and institutional rules. The hidden curriculum can positively or negatively influence students' development depending on the messages communicated.
MUSLIM PHILOSOPHERS' PERSPECTIVE ON EDUCATIONR.A Duhdra
Muslim Philosophers’ Contribution towards education is worth mentioning. Muslim Philosophers emphasized on logic, reality, freedom of will, sources Of knowledge etc. They have tried to harmonize the Philosophers Perspectives & Greek Philosophy with tenants of Islam and synthesize science, religion and philosophy and defined their subject matter to keep balance in them.
The document discusses the management of physical resources in educational institutions. It covers several topics:
1. Components and maintenance of the school building, site, and hostel to ensure a comfortable learning environment.
2. Selection and organization of instructional materials, audiovisual aids, the library, and laboratories to support educational goals.
3. Responsibilities of the hostel superintendent in managing the hostel, meals, student activities and health.
4. Types of registers needed to record student and facility information.
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AT SECONDARY EDUCATIONR.A Duhdra
Curriculum is the base on which the subjects, activities and experiences are planned.
Curriculum encompasses all types of activities, experiences, programs etc. planned and managed by the school leading to the achievements of instructional objectives.
It is more than the textbook, more than the subject matter or course of studies. it is the totality of all the learning to which you are exposed during study in the school, classroom, lab, library, playground etc.
Under the nature of management and educational management
Examine critically the principles of management and make efforts to implement these principles in education.
Analyze the management process, elements and functions of management
High light the importance of Islamic management
Management is an art as were science of
Getting the work done
With the help of other people
Within the given budget
With in the given deadlines
The document discusses a humanistic curriculum, which focuses on the holistic development of students by addressing their cognitive, affective, and psychomotor development. A humanistic curriculum is rooted in humanistic psychology and aims to develop students' self-concept, interpersonal skills, and ultimately self-actualization. It views students as individuals and facilitates their growth through participatory learning methods rather than a didactic approach.
The document discusses educational planning in India. It outlines key concepts in educational planning like goals, objectives, features, and aspects of planning. It then describes India's system of educational planning, governance, and financing at the central, state, and local levels. Some highlights covered are the roles of the central government, state governments, sources of education funding, and education indicators and targets outlined in India's Five-Year Plans.
Four way agenda of teaching educational psychologyHennaAnsari
Educational psychology provides valuable insights into teaching by answering important questions about how people learn, how to motivate learners, and how to address student behavior issues. It helps solve four main problems in teaching: understanding students, effective teaching strategies, classroom management, and content delivery. Educational psychology influences teachers by focusing on classroom organization, instruction techniques, communication skills, and student interactions - all important aspects of the teaching process. It also helps teachers make better decisions by providing a foundation for handling instructional, motivational, management, and assessment challenges.
Needs Assessment
Importance of need assessment in curriculum development
purposes of need assessment in curriculum development
sources of need assessment in curriculum development
The objectives of curriculum evaluation are to: examine how historical, philosophical, ethical, social, economic and political factors influence curriculum; evaluate curriculum methods and structures in relation to national standards and value-added mandates; and relate cognitive and brain-based research to curricular methods, structure and intents. It also aims to analyze the compatibility of curriculum and assessments, explore curriculum's effects on teaching, learning, supervision and policy, evaluate curricular demands of a digital age, and define a personal philosophy around curriculum design, development and implementation.
This PPT aims to provide Knowledge and understanding to Learner about the concept of Educational Administration, Important of Educational Administration, Challenges of Educational Administration, Model of Educational Administration, Functions of Educational Administration, Levels of Educational Administration, Principle of Educational Administration, Nature of Educational Administration, Best Practices for Educational Administration and so on.
This document provides guidance for teaching diverse students, including those with special needs or who are reluctant learners. It discusses adapting teaching styles and materials to address different learning styles and abilities. The document also addresses culturally relevant teaching, socioeconomic factors, gender bias, English language learners, learning disabilities, disruptive behaviors, and creating supportive learning communities. The overall message is that teachers should understand each student's needs and background in order to engage all students in learning.
Principles & theories in curriculum development pptchxlabastilla
The document discusses the definition and purpose of curriculum from several perspectives. It describes curriculum as the total learning experience for students, including academic subjects as well as informal activities. An effective curriculum considers students' needs, sets clear learning outcomes, and outlines the content and teaching methods needed to achieve those outcomes. It provides order and structure for administrators, teachers, and students to ensure students receive a well-rounded education that prepares them for further education and career opportunities.
This document discusses evaluation at the secondary level in Pakistan. It covers the concept, nature, and importance of evaluation including determining academic progress, motivating students, and making educational decisions. The document also discusses internal and external evaluation systems, with internal exams conducted by schools and external exams conducted by outside authorities. Finally, it discusses the process of evaluation including planning, implementation, and feedback to improve the quality of education.
The Content and Method of Comparative EducationChe-Wei Lee
The document summarizes Kandell's 1955 article "The Content and Method of Comparative Education". It discusses key topics in comparative education including the historical context, aims and scope, importance of cultural and political forces, and challenges in establishing national education systems. The article also emphasizes that comparative education involves analyzing both similarities and differences between countries, as well as effective and ineffective cases, to better understand factors shaping different systems.
This document provides an overview of the concept of comparative education, including its meaning, need, scope, and structure of education in Pakistan. Comparative education involves comparing educational systems, practices, and outcomes across countries to better understand relationships between education and society. It can help improve national education policies and practices. The scope of comparative education encompasses subject matter, geographical units of study, ideological perspectives, themes, and historical development. Studying comparative education provides benefits like understanding one's own education system, solving problems, and promoting international cooperation. The education system in Pakistan has five levels - primary, middle, secondary, higher secondary, and higher education. At each level, the document outlines goals and approaches.
The document discusses educational planning and types of plans. It defines educational planning as preparing for post-secondary education by making arrangements to facilitate learning and skill development. There are three main elements in educational planning: predetermined objectives, use of scarce resources, and decision making. Educational planning ensures coordination of the education system and helps achieve goals like universal primary education. Strategic plans define long-term goals and priorities over 3-5 years while financial plans help achieve life goals through proper investment and money management.
The document discusses teacher education in comparative perspective. It begins by outlining the objectives of the subject, which include describing the aims and objectives of teacher education, understanding the competency and role of teachers, discussing teacher education in Pakistan and other countries, and explaining the role and responsibilities of teachers from an Islamic perspective. It then provides definitions of comparative education and teacher education. The remainder of the document discusses topics like the need for teacher education, objectives of teacher education programs, applying old and new teaching methods, the relationship between ideology and teacher education, the Islamic perspective on teaching, the relationship between communities and teacher education, and the role of research in teacher education, with examples from Pakistan.
The document discusses the concepts of curriculum and hidden curriculum. It defines curriculum as a plan for bringing desirable changes in student behavior and a tool for teachers to mold students according to objectives. Hidden curriculum refers to the unwritten norms, values, and expectations that are unconsciously transmitted to students through various aspects of the school environment and teacher behaviors. Examples mentioned include gender roles, social class, and cultural expectations that influence the social relationships between teachers and students both consciously and unconsciously through the organization of classrooms and schools as well as varying teacher expectations.
This document discusses the concept and process of educational planning. It defines educational planning as setting out strategies, policies, and standards in advance to achieve educational objectives. The key characteristics of educational planning are that it is logical, systematic, scientific, progressive, mission-oriented, and future-oriented. The main objectives of educational planning are universalizing education, vocationalizing education, and achieving economic upliftment and poverty eradication while preserving cultural heritage. The main steps in educational planning are policy making, plan formulation, and plan implementation.
The document discusses the concept of hidden curriculum, which refers to the unstated lessons, values, and perspectives that students learn in school. It is defined as the informal and often unintended lessons learned from factors like social structures, teacher behavior, rules, and cultural expectations in the school environment. Some key aspects that contribute to the hidden curriculum are peer pressure, cultural values promoted by the school, curricular topics, teaching strategies, and institutional rules. The hidden curriculum can positively or negatively influence students' development depending on the messages communicated.
MUSLIM PHILOSOPHERS' PERSPECTIVE ON EDUCATIONR.A Duhdra
Muslim Philosophers’ Contribution towards education is worth mentioning. Muslim Philosophers emphasized on logic, reality, freedom of will, sources Of knowledge etc. They have tried to harmonize the Philosophers Perspectives & Greek Philosophy with tenants of Islam and synthesize science, religion and philosophy and defined their subject matter to keep balance in them.
The document discusses the management of physical resources in educational institutions. It covers several topics:
1. Components and maintenance of the school building, site, and hostel to ensure a comfortable learning environment.
2. Selection and organization of instructional materials, audiovisual aids, the library, and laboratories to support educational goals.
3. Responsibilities of the hostel superintendent in managing the hostel, meals, student activities and health.
4. Types of registers needed to record student and facility information.
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AT SECONDARY EDUCATIONR.A Duhdra
Curriculum is the base on which the subjects, activities and experiences are planned.
Curriculum encompasses all types of activities, experiences, programs etc. planned and managed by the school leading to the achievements of instructional objectives.
It is more than the textbook, more than the subject matter or course of studies. it is the totality of all the learning to which you are exposed during study in the school, classroom, lab, library, playground etc.
After learning this unit, the learners can be able to
Describe the meaning and nature of individual differences
Bifurcate the areas of individual differences
Identify the causes of individual differences
Provide remedial measures for individual differences through general and special educational provisions.
take care of slow learners and finally be able to measure individual differences through various tests and techniques.
"CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHIES AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT” in Philosophy of Educa...R.A Duhdra
After studying this chapter, the pupil Teachers can be able to
Explain the role of Contemporary Philosophies in education
Identify the suitable Philosophy for a Particular curriculum
Compare different philosophies for curriculum development
Develop their own philosophy for particular discipline
After listening to this lecture students can be able to
Develop concept regarding philosophical thoughts.
Understand idealism origin, characteristics, aims of education nature of curriculum, evaluation, role of teachers etc.
Develop thinking power while making decisions in educational process
Organisational Structure of Secondary Education in PakistanR.A Duhdra
Objective
To Differentiate educational scenario before and after 18th amendment.
To differentiate role of Director Public Instruction schools and Colleges.
To know the curriculum development process and textbook development.
Types of Education Schools in Pakistan
School Record Management in Educational Leadership and ManagementR.A Duhdra
School record includes books/registers, document, discs, CDs, files etc. that contain information pertaining to the development and smooth functioning of the school. This topic encompasses the role of school record to effective educational management, the importance of keeping record in schools, types of school records and characteristics of good record management in schools.
Nature, Significance and Objectives of Secondary EducationR.A Duhdra
Secondary education (ix-xii)is an important subsector of the entire education system.
It provides middle level workers for economy of the country .
It acts as a feeder for further level of education .
Quality of higher education depends upon the quality of secondary education to produce high quality of professionals in different fields. So it should prepare the youth of the country for the pursuit of higher education.
Secondary Education - Targets and Achievements in PakistanR.A Duhdra
The secondary education is to prepare adolescence for effective participation in social activities as good citizens of Pakistan committed to Islamic values, contributing to economical and technological development. The seventh 5-year plan aims at strengthening self-respect, self-esteem, and love for humanity.
So, secondary education would offer diversified programs. Talent should be groomed for developing a strong leadership group so vital to socio-cultural, economic and technological development of Pakistan.
New educational frontiers and old challengesTami Belhadj
The document discusses new frontiers in education and ongoing challenges. It explores education throughout history from ancient rock engravings to modern technology-enhanced learning. Some key topics covered include lifelong learning, open educational resources, the evolution of educational technologies, and using analytics to empower students. The document argues that while technology presents opportunities, it is also important to consider how it impacts learning and if it addresses the root problems in education. Overall, the document takes a broad view of education past, present and future.
Charles pierce, William James and John Dewey originated primarily pragmatism movement in philosophy.
pragmatic means dealing with matters according to their practical significance or immediate importance.
The term pragmatism has been derived from the Greek term 'pragma' which means "use".
Here "use" is the criteria of reality
school-tour- Play school in rohini delhi- TSWY School.pdfTSWYRohini
Our school offers a great infrastructure that supports the core values and educational tenets. With the help of our facilities, we want to create an environment where kids may learn in a variety of ways—in big groups, little groups, and on their own—and where they also experience a sense of community.
This document summarizes key aspects of realism in philosophy of education according to a presentation. Realism holds that objects exist independently of knowledge. It focuses on direct, perceptual knowledge of real objects. According to realism in education:
- The curriculum should emphasize demonstrable subjects like science over arts.
- Teaching methods should involve senses, practice, and experimentation to help students directly know real objects.
- Evaluation is based on performance and discipline focuses on self-control to deal with reality.
This document discusses components of effective classroom management. It outlines that an effective classroom has proper infrastructure, furniture, and displays. An effective teacher is creative, allows student freedom, and ignores bad deeds. Teachers are categorized as star teachers who perform well, working horses who are reliable, troubleshooters who create problems, and dead workers who are reluctant. An effective teacher takes responsibility for student learning, matches difficulty to ability, gives feedback, and encourages independent thinking. The document also discusses that students learn visually, auditorily, or tactilely and that curriculums should be child-centered.
Moving from downloads to uploads: Toward an understanding of the curricular i...Darren Milligan
Full paper available: http://mw2016.museumsandtheweb.com/paper/moving-from-downloads-to-uploads-understanding-curricular-implications-of-access-to-large-scale-digitized-museum-collections-on-the-professional-practice-of-k-12-classroom-educators/
The need for museum strategy to be audience driven is now directed and enabled (in an accelerated way) by digital technologies. This allows, or requires, museums to understand the intersection between the needs of those it hopes to serve and the capacity of its own organization to meet them: to provide customized experiences and opportunities to unique audience groups. Educators are one of museums' historically most-valued audiences. Opportunities to have greater impact with teachers, their students, and the learning experiences they create, are great—greater than in the past, when museums focused on adult programming, school visitation, and exhibition-centered lesson plans. These new opportunities lie primarily in the utilization of museum collections and resources within the classroom, where the teacher can make use of them in ways that fit naturally into the learning process they have already developed for their students. To enable this, as we should, museums need to understand this group and how they use digital assets to design and deliver learning experiences. This study looks towards the development of a reusable framework for addressing this need through an understanding of the evolving role of the museum in the education space, the process and knowledge bases required for teachers to be designers of learning resources, and finally the ways that technology itself (in this case, primarily the Web) changes the nature of teaching and learning. The framework proposed is used to develop a survey instrument that is then tested through a case study of an emergent digital platform for teachers, the Smithsonian Learning Lab.
This document provides 20 websites with resources for teachers. The websites include tools for making crossword puzzles, lesson plans and teacher resources, free antivirus software, math games and tasks, science lesson connections, North Carolina's standard curriculum, multiple intelligence assessments, primary grade lesson examples, elementary math games, games for all subjects, instructional materials, kindergarten games, ways to incorporate art into lessons, resources for ages 5-7, science lesson plans, ways to teach using design patterns, a discussion board for teachers, and elementary language arts curriculum.
PROBLEMS, ISSUES and TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION OF PAKISTANR.A Duhdra
The secondary education is the most defectives stage in our entire educational organization and it needs urgently a thorough examination and complete reorientation . Defect cannot be overlooked that during the period of secondary education the young boys and girls of the country are exploited by individuals and groups and their energies, instead of being utilized into worthy social purposes, are harnessed to destructive activities.
Similaire à Management of Resources in Educational Leadership and Management (20)
ROLE OF THE UNIVERSITY unit 2 AIOU workshopR.A Duhdra
Philosophy of Higher Education
Four pillars emerge from philosophy of
education
Importance of Philosophy of Education
Need of the University
Contribution of Universities in Different Areas
Modes of the University
Factors Influencing the Selection of Mode
Open Learning Mode
Functions of the University
INTRODUCTION TO HIGHER EDUCATION unit 1 Part 2R.A Duhdra
explain the nature of higher education
discuss the need and purpose of higher
education
know the challenges and suggestions about
higher education
Understand the status, factors and reforms of
higher education in Pakistan
INTRODUCTION TO HIGHER EDUCATION 8625 unit 1 Part-1R.A Duhdra
INTRODUCTION TO
HIGHER EDUCATION
explain the nature of higher education
discuss the need and purpose of higher
education
know the challenges and suggestions about
higher education
Understand the status, factors and reforms of
higher education in Pakistan
Unit-9 Psychological Testing and Its ImplicationsR.A Duhdra
INTRODUCTION
Testing, in education and psychology is a systematic process to measure an individual’s knowledge, intelligence, specific skills and other personal traits. It is also to collect information about the strengths, weakness of a student, teacher and educational programme.
The questions, problems and tasks to be attempted are called test item. In this unit we are going to study some basic concepts related to psychological testing and assessment, its validity and reliability, major areas and kinds of psychological testing.
OBJECTIVES
After studying this unit, the students can be able to:
Define tests and psychological testing
Describe nature and importance of psychological testing
Outline the different areas of psychological testing
Discuss the various kinds of tests
Know the reliability and validity of psychological testing
Differentiate between psychological testing and assessment
INTRODUCTION
Adolescence is a period of life with specific health and development needs. It is also a time to develop knowledge and skills, manage emotions and relationships and acquire attributes / abilities that will be important for enjoying the adolescent years and assuming adult roles.
This stage requires special care from adults. An adolescent longs for personal identity, striving for autonomy and independence. In this unit we are going to discuss the external factors that influence the development of an adolescent.
OBJECTIVES
After studying this unit, the students can be able to:
Understand how community is important for the development of an adolescent
Understand how family can play a role in the psychological development of an adolescent
Elaborate the importance of media in adolescent development
Unit-7 Life Crisis and Problems and Issues in AdolescentR.A Duhdra
INTRODUCTION
Adolescent crises mean the upheavals that the adolescents face during this period. These can be related to changes which are taking place in emotional, psychological and physical development areas. The parents feel confused and frustrated while interacting with their children. These crises may be failing school, staying out late, sleeping all day, running off, being expelled, use of drugs etc. affect the life of a teen ager.
OBJECTIVES
After studying this unit, the students can be able to:
Define the crises in adolescence.
Understand the issues and problems of puberty.
Understand attachment theory and its implications in adolescence
Enumerate and identify few problems relating to adolescence
Unit-6 Moral Development in Adolescent PsychologyR.A Duhdra
INTRODUCTION
The word ‘moral’ comes from the Latin term ‘Mores’ which means manner, custom and habit. Moral development involves the formation of a system of values in which decisions concerning ‘right’ and ‘wrong’, ‘good’ and ‘bad’.
Moral development have three major faces - 1. Cognitive 2. Behavior 3. Emotional
OBJECTIVES
After studying the unit you will be able to
Define moral value development in humans.
Discuss morality and its constituents
Describe the nature of moral development
Outline different factors contributing towards moral development
Describes various Piaget’s and Kohlberg’s theories of moral development
Unit-5 Social Development in Adolescent PsychologyR.A Duhdra
INTRODUCTION
A society is peaceful, progressing and prosperous if all its members perform their duties towards others in a respectful manner.
The promotion of members of society with respect to their life longevity, education decent standard of living (per capita income) is called social development. All segments of society should be kept on the path of peace, prosperity and stability.
In this unit we are going to study about social development of children and adults through the process of education and training to prepare them for their future role in the society. Social development can be ensured as per indices set by UNDP and other organizations.
OBJECTIVES
After studying this unit, the learners will be able to
Explain the concept of social development.
Compare various theories of social development .
Discuss different aspects of nature of social development.
Justify the role of family in the social development of adolescent’s .
Elaborate the role of peers in social development of young ones .
Describe the school role in social development in the light of different theories
Education enables an individual to live healthy social life with emotional stability Emotional excitement Is related to our mind and body. In this unit, we will study some basic concepts related to emotional development like emotional problems and different strategies to understand emotional problems.
OBJECTIVES
After studying this unit, you will be able to
define emotional development.
explain the nature and aspects of emotional development.
differentiate emotional development at different age levels.
outline various factors affecting Emotional Development.
describe the different kinds of Emotional Development.
discuss various strategies to cope with emotional problems.
DEFINITION
Emotional development involves learning what feelings and emotions are understanding how and why they occur recognizing your own feelings and those of others and developing effective ways for managing those feelings.
Emotional development is a complex affective experience e.g expression, understanding and regulation of emotions from birth to adolescence and adulthood.
After learning this unit, the students can be able to understand:
Define cognitive development
Describe the nature and aspects of cognitive development
Outline the various factors affecting C.D
Describe the role of cognitive development in behavioural changes
Describe changes
Describe piaget’s formal operations and its various characteristics
Explain information processing and decision making
INTRODUCTION
Cognitive development is the study of childhood neurological and psychological development which is assessed on the level of conception, perception, information processing and language as an indicator of brain development. In this unit we will study basic concepts related to cognitive development like nature, aspects of C.D. factors affecting C.D, educational implications, piagets’ stages of C.D, information processing and decision making.
After reading this unit, the learners will be able to:
Understand what biological changes occur during adolescence period.
Comprehended importance of norms and individual differences at puberty.
Conceptual knowledge of hormonal control of puberty
Grasp the idea of pubertal change and its effects on individuals.
Educational Management and Leadership SystemR.A Duhdra
Leadership is critical to educational development and specific preparation is are vital if leaders are to maximize their effectiveness. Senior teachers develop more leading capacity as they have experience to tackle unwanted situations. Leadership is the general process of influence and motivating others to work effectively while the management processes on planning and organizing to complete the task within time. All the teachers are managers as they have to manage teaching / learning activities.
Understand nature and need of educational management
State the nature and need of leadership
Debate on performance evaluation
Understand theories of performance management
Describe different techniques of performance evaluation
Social Change Management and Leadership R.A Duhdra
SOCIAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
Change lead to a comprehensive transformation, as social as well as commercial, political, economic and cultural. Now the traditional companies have to change their business operations and direct them to new technologies in order to remain in the present competitive age.
After studying this unit the prospective teachers can be able to
Define change management and its role in organization and society
Elaborate ethics and code of ethics of leadership
Express management of innovation and changing role of educational leader / manager
Explain the concept of Teacher leadership
The human beharviour has diversity to handle various situations in a multi-faceted organization in different fields. There are five categories- autocratic, democratic, participative, goal oriented and situational. Different styles have been described before explaining Theories presented by researchers and at the end existing educational leadership styles being practiced in Pakistan have also been explained.
Discuss the concept of leadership styles
Elaborate research conducted by Ohio state University regarding behavioral leadership style.
Understand resreach conducted by University of Michigan and taxes regarding leadership styles.
Analyse the difference of researches conducted by these Universities.
Suggest solutions to meet the challenges of leadership styles in Pakistani education
Leadership is considered as being “a part of the problem-solving machinery of the group, (Gibb-1958). Leaders are highly powerful authority and can influence decisions made in the workplace to achieve organizational goals.
• Fredrick taylor gave the concept of scientific management to direct the organizational productivity.
• Max weber (1922) gave an idea of bureaucratic management.
• Mary parker follett (1926)- participatory management in “power with” as opposed to “power over.”
• Describe various theories of leadership.
• Discuss the necessary characteristics of leadership.
• Enumerate the leadership styles and need of taking appropriate decisions.
• Infer the leadership styles that has concern for people and production.
• Describe the important role of leadership that encourages participation and enhances contributions from group members.
International influence is exerted by one person or a group, over other people, to structure the activities and relationships in a group or organization.
A social influencing process, The nature of the influence, The purpose for the exercise of influence and its outcomes. Educational leadership is concerned with formal educational institutions. Leadership is generally not related to a role but viewed as a process.
• Describe the scope of educational leadership.
• Explain the concept of educational leadership in local context.
• Elaborate historical perspectives of educational leadership.
• Discuss the prevailing situation of educational leadership in local context.
• Explain the concept of educational leadership in international perspectives.
Sources, Importance and Maintenance of Educational Financing and Forces Affecting Educational Financing.
Concept, Purpose, Functions, Phases and Advantages of Budgeting.
Conflict Management in Educational OrganizationsR.A Duhdra
Five conflict response modes.
Competing, Avoiding, Accommodating
Compromising, Collaborating
After studying this unit, the students will be able to
• Elaborate the conflict and conflict management.
• Explain the types of conflict in educational organizations.
• Identify the sources of conflict in educational organizations.
• Express the role of conflict and suggest strategies of handling conflicts in educational organizations.
Efforts are being made to seek and explore the most suitable forms of management for different work setting. Some of the theories have been developed 100 years ago that provide stable framework for an organization even to today. In this unit we are going to study classical as well as modern theories which would lead us towards enhancement of productivity, job satisfaction and conducive environment of an organization.
• The management theories in detail.
• Principles of scientific management theory.
• Principles of bureaucratic management theory.
• Strengths and limitations of classical management theories.
• Components of systems theory.
• Behavioral approach to management.
• Participate management a new model in management theories.
Evaluation Management System in Educational Leadership and ManagementR.A Duhdra
Understand the need and importance of evaluation in management.
Describe the system of evaluation
Understand the criteria of evaluation
Improve the school management system through evaluation
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
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providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
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There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Management of Resources in Educational Leadership and Management
1. ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN
UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
ONLINE WORKSHOP
MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES
in
EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP
AND MANAGEMENT
CC 8605 -B.Ed.
Presented by:
Ch. M. Ashraf
m.ashraf0919@gmail.com
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
3. MANAGEMENT OF PHYSICAL RESOURCES
1. Components and maintenance of physical aspects (school
building site of the school and hostel)
2. Component and maintenance of learning resources
(instructional material, audio visual aids, library)
3
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
4. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
The School Building
Introduction / Nature Need for School Building
A) Hardware and software of the school
B) Present and future needs should be kept in mind
C) Good material should be used
D) Purpose built
E) Concrete manifestation of the ideals
F) Planned in conformity with the hygienic laws
4
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
5. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
The School Building
Introduction / Nature Need for School Building
G) Quiet and pleasant environment
H) Natural drainage system
I) Economical and all available space should be used
J) Some rooms should not be of the same size
K) 50% of the room should have writing board on three sides
L) Rooms for the younger children should be on ground floor
5
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
6. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
The significant trends in school plan planning and the
construction are:
1. Preparation of educational specification prior to the creation
of working drawings and construction techniques
2. The team approach to planning
3. Increased size and more specialized design of instructional
space
4. Flexibility in design
5. Concern for shape and form of the building (single/double
story building) 6
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
7. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
The significant trends in school plan planning and the
construction are:
6. Use of larger sites
7. Concept of the building as more than a collection of
classrooms (specialized spaces for specific purposes)
8. Concern with quality as well as quantity of lighting
9. Concern with thermal environment (temperature, humidity
and air flow)
7
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
8. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
The significant trends in school plan planning and the
construction are:
10. Use of variety of materials and techniques of construction.
Concern for aesthetics.
11. Use of carpeting
12. Improved design of components
8
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
9. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
The site of the school:
Important points for careful examination in selecting a site for
schools are:
1-The surroundings (friendly atmosphere and inspiring
environment)
2- The condition of natural draining and ordinary level of the
ground water
3- Dampness and other atmospheric condition
4-The nature of soil and sub-soil
5-The aspect of elevation
6-Accessibility (nearness) and availability of the transport
9
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
10. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
Hostel:
Nature and significance of hostel
1-Corporate living, unity and safe-reliance
2-Development of personality
3-Practice of the ideals taught in the school
4- Personality of the hostel superintendent influences the
inmates of the hostel
10
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
11. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
Hostel:
5-Spirit of cooperation is created
6-This helps in disciplining the students
7- Observation of rules and regulations
8- Co-curricular activities broaden the outlook of the students
9- The students realize their responsibility
10-The poor and the rich are treated alike
11
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
12. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
Responsibility of the hostel superintendent:
1-Hostel superintendent should treat the student with parental
affection.
2- He should try to prepare the students as an ideal citizen
having democratic values
3- He should in culcate in them the spirit of self-reliance
4- He should make the atmosphere of the hostel clean, suitable
and beneficial
12
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
13. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
Responsibility of the hostel superintendent:
5-Contact with the parents
6- The student should not be the deprived of the liberty
7-He removes the feeling of caste distinctions rich and poor etc.
8- He prepares the schedule for co-curricular activities.
13
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
14. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
Messing and its supervision:
The meals provided in the hostel should be conducive to
physical development- balanced diet.
14
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
15. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
Method of living of the students:
Characterful and sensible servants should be appointed for the
purpose of cleanliness and the hostel, kitchen, hall etc.
15
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
16. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
Ailment and regulations:
Hostel should be occasionally disinfected in order to prevent the
infection and diseases. One room may be specified for lodging of
students who suffer from infections disease. There should be
proper timetable for students.
16
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
17. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
Health and games
Organization of the hostel:
Feelings of living in a home.
The students learn the lesson of self-reliance.
Senior and juniors students learn how to behave politely
with each other.
The teacher will come close to solve the problems.
17
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
18. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
Hostel building:
1 Comfortable living
2 Managing and inspection of the hostel
3 Superintendent office -near the main gates
4 Away from the busy road
5 Sufficient spaces for the students bedding, table, chair, cup-
board etc.
6 Reading room, common room, and playgrounds
18
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
19. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
Registers:
1 Admission registers
2 Attendance register
3 Register of the activities
4 Kitchen registers
5 Caution money registers
19
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
20. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
Registers:
6 Fee register
7 Property registers
8 Cash book
9 Library and reading room registers
10 Visitors books
20
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
21. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
Learning Resources
A. Instructional Material
Objectives of instructional material:
1-To promote educational programs and students' learning.
2-To enable the learners to learn at their own Pace and
schedule.
3-To facilitate the learners to understand abstract concept and
logical argument.
21
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
22. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
Types of instructional material:
i. Book, study guides
ii. Specially written self-teaching text, e.g. tutorials- in- print
iii. Workbooks, audio or video tape, practical work
iv. self-text, project guide, bibliographies etc
v. Maps, charts, photographs, posters etc
vi. Newspapers, journals and periodicals
The above described types are summarized in to three main headings:
Textual materials Audiovisual Materials Computer based materials 22
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
23. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
B. Audio visual aids:
Introduction to audio visual aids
The purpose and value of audio-visual aids:
a. audio visual aids are potent starters and motivators
b. Audio visual aids give variety/innovation to classroom
techniques
c. These aids provide the child with opportunities to handle and
manipulate
d. supply the context for sound and skillful generalization
e. These aids educate the children in this modern complex world
f. Audio visual AIDS promotes international understanding
23
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
24. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
Types of audio-visual aids:
1. Auditory
2. Visuals
3. Audio visual
4. AIDS through activity
5. Miscellaneous
24
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
25. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
The library:
Utility of the library
Supplementary reading material
Self study
Opportunity to acquire knowledge
Promotes reading habits and interest
25
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
26. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
Organization of the library:
The following things should be considered while organizing the
library
1. To enlarge and consolidate knowledge acquired in the
classroom
2. Books should be according to age, ability and interest of
students
3. The library should help to enlarge the knowledge of
students and teachers
4. The library should fulfil the needs of students and teachers 26
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
27. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
Organization of the library:
− Class library
− Classification and arrangement of books
− Reading room
27
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
28. PHYSICAL RESOURCES / ASPECTS (SCHOOL BUILDING AND HOSTEL)
Laboratories:
Objectives
Types/kinds
Organization of labs
28
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra