This document provides guidance on writing scientific manuscripts. It discusses key sections of a manuscript such as the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion and references. It emphasizes logical organization, clear communication of methods and results, interpreting findings, and comparing results to prior literature. The document also offers tips for the writing process such as not procrastinating, having others review the work, and utilizing background from funded grants.
Peer review: how to do it, and how to survive itJoshua Knowles
Refereeing papers is something every PhD student should be doing, as soon as they get the chance. It really helps you see the other side of the coin, makes you feel part of the scientific community, and hopefully does not give you a power complex or a platform for revenge --- but I am straying back into ethics again! So, how do good referees do their job, who are they serving, what is right/wrong with the current system, and when are you going to finish that peer review that is sitting on your desk? Also, I have some words of encouragement for those who are presently nursing a wound from having their papers demolished/rejected/discarded/overlooked.
This document discusses building citation indexes from different databases including Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and CSA (Cambridge Scientific Abstracts). It describes algorithms used to match cited references to full bibliographic records within and across these databases. For Scopus and WoS, high matching rates of 90% were achieved, while for CSA (social sciences) the matching rate was lower at 30% due to references being to non-journal materials like books. The document outlines challenges in citation indexing for social sciences and a vision for a distributed, semantic citation index based on full-text collections and reference linking.
The document provides information about journal impact factors. It defines impact factor as the number of citations in the current year to items published in a journal in the previous two years, divided by the total number of source items published in the previous two years. It notes that impact factors can only be calculated after a journal has been publishing for at least three years. The document also explains that impact factors measure the frequency of citations but not necessarily the quality of a journal. It provides an example calculation of an impact factor.
This document outlines the typical parts and structure of a thesis. It includes initial pages like the title page, abstract, acknowledgments and table of contents. It describes the typical chapters such as an introduction providing context, a literature review of previous studies, methodology, presentation of findings, and conclusions. Each chapter is described in 1-2 sentences. For example, the introduction provides context for the research topic and the significance and problem statements. The literature review summarizes previous related unpublished studies and how they inform the current research.
The document defines plagiarism as presenting others' words, ideas, images or creative works as one's own without proper citation or credit. It cites a study that found over 70% of students admitted to some form of cheating or plagiarism. The types of plagiarism are discussed as intentional copying or buying of works, and unintentional through careless paraphrasing or excessive quoting without using one's own voice. Consequences can include failing grades, suspension or loss of reputation and future opportunities. Proper citation and use of sources is encouraged to avoid plagiarism.
Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a technique used to study compounds with unpaired electrons. In ESR, a sample is placed in a static magnetic field and irradiated with microwaves. This causes transitions between the electron spin energy levels. The absorption of microwave energy is detected to obtain an ESR spectrum. ESR spectra provide information about electron environments through parameters like g-values and hyperfine splitting patterns. ESR finds applications in studying transition metal complexes and unstable free radicals.
Mass spectrometry is a technique that converts a sample to gas-phase ions which are then separated by mass and charge. It involves ionization of the sample using electron bombardment or other methods, mass analysis using magnetic or electric fields to separate ions, and detection of ion abundances. Mass spectrometry can be used to determine molecular masses and obtain structural information through fragmentation patterns.
INTRODUCTION TO UV-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPYJunaid Khan
UV-visible spectroscopy involves measuring the absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet-visible spectral region. When UV-VIS radiation interacts with molecules, it can cause electronic transitions between different energy levels. The absorption spectrum obtained plots absorbance against wavelength, showing characteristic absorption bands. The positions and intensities of these bands provide information about the molecular structure of the absorbing chemical species.
The document outlines a 7 step project execution process (PEP) that includes project planning, engineering, procurement & logistics, installation, integration, start-up, and operation & handover. The project planning step involves presales meetings with the customer, internal project analysis, and a final sales meeting. Internal project analysis delivers documents to various groups covering figures, plans, quality, procurement, and more. The PEP is used to develop company-specific tools and techniques to implement projects, track them, identify bottlenecks, and ensure successful outcomes.
Surface Plasmon Resonance,
Surface Plasmons:
Plasmons confined to surface (interface) and interact with light resulting in polarities.
Propagating electron density waves occurring at the interface between metal and dielectric.
This document outlines a PowerPoint presentation on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It covers the fundamentals of NMR including spin-spin coupling, instrumentation, solvents, chemical shifts, and 2D NMR techniques. Applications discussed include structure elucidation of organic compounds and biomolecules, as well as clinical uses such as MRI. Specific NMR experiments summarized are COSY, NOESY, and HETCOR.
UV/visible spectroscopy involves the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. Absorption spectroscopy measures the absorption of UV or visible light, while emission spectroscopy measures light emitted from a sample. The wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic radiation are inversely related by the equation c=λν. Electronic transitions in molecules, such as σ→σ*, π→π*, n→σ*, and n→π* can be detected using UV/visible spectroscopy. Beer's law states that absorbance is directly proportional to concentration and path length. Chromophores are functional groups in molecules that absorb UV or visible light.
Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy measures the difference in absorbance of left and right circularly polarized light by a substance. CD occurs when asymmetrical molecules interact with polarized light. A CD spectrometer measures the CD spectra of proteins and nucleic acids to determine their secondary structure composition and monitor conformational changes. Key applications include estimating protein and nucleic acid structure, studying macromolecular interactions, and characterizing folding and unfolding kinetics and thermodynamics.
This document provides an overview of fluorescence spectroscopy. It describes how luminescence occurs when a system absorbs external energy like light and emits photons. Specifically, fluorescence involves absorbing ultraviolet or visible light which causes molecule excitation, then reemission of light. The document outlines fluorescence instrumentation components like light sources, wavelength selection using filters or monochromators, detectors, and sample holders. It also discusses related topics such as phosphorescence, absorption spectra, and the advantages and disadvantages of fluorescence spectroscopy.
This document provides guidance on writing scientific manuscripts. It discusses key sections of a manuscript such as the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion and references. It emphasizes logical organization, clear communication of methods and results, interpreting findings, and comparing results to prior literature. The document also offers tips for the writing process such as not procrastinating, having others review the work, and utilizing background from funded grants.
Peer review: how to do it, and how to survive itJoshua Knowles
Refereeing papers is something every PhD student should be doing, as soon as they get the chance. It really helps you see the other side of the coin, makes you feel part of the scientific community, and hopefully does not give you a power complex or a platform for revenge --- but I am straying back into ethics again! So, how do good referees do their job, who are they serving, what is right/wrong with the current system, and when are you going to finish that peer review that is sitting on your desk? Also, I have some words of encouragement for those who are presently nursing a wound from having their papers demolished/rejected/discarded/overlooked.
This document discusses building citation indexes from different databases including Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and CSA (Cambridge Scientific Abstracts). It describes algorithms used to match cited references to full bibliographic records within and across these databases. For Scopus and WoS, high matching rates of 90% were achieved, while for CSA (social sciences) the matching rate was lower at 30% due to references being to non-journal materials like books. The document outlines challenges in citation indexing for social sciences and a vision for a distributed, semantic citation index based on full-text collections and reference linking.
The document provides information about journal impact factors. It defines impact factor as the number of citations in the current year to items published in a journal in the previous two years, divided by the total number of source items published in the previous two years. It notes that impact factors can only be calculated after a journal has been publishing for at least three years. The document also explains that impact factors measure the frequency of citations but not necessarily the quality of a journal. It provides an example calculation of an impact factor.
This document outlines the typical parts and structure of a thesis. It includes initial pages like the title page, abstract, acknowledgments and table of contents. It describes the typical chapters such as an introduction providing context, a literature review of previous studies, methodology, presentation of findings, and conclusions. Each chapter is described in 1-2 sentences. For example, the introduction provides context for the research topic and the significance and problem statements. The literature review summarizes previous related unpublished studies and how they inform the current research.
The document defines plagiarism as presenting others' words, ideas, images or creative works as one's own without proper citation or credit. It cites a study that found over 70% of students admitted to some form of cheating or plagiarism. The types of plagiarism are discussed as intentional copying or buying of works, and unintentional through careless paraphrasing or excessive quoting without using one's own voice. Consequences can include failing grades, suspension or loss of reputation and future opportunities. Proper citation and use of sources is encouraged to avoid plagiarism.
Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a technique used to study compounds with unpaired electrons. In ESR, a sample is placed in a static magnetic field and irradiated with microwaves. This causes transitions between the electron spin energy levels. The absorption of microwave energy is detected to obtain an ESR spectrum. ESR spectra provide information about electron environments through parameters like g-values and hyperfine splitting patterns. ESR finds applications in studying transition metal complexes and unstable free radicals.
Mass spectrometry is a technique that converts a sample to gas-phase ions which are then separated by mass and charge. It involves ionization of the sample using electron bombardment or other methods, mass analysis using magnetic or electric fields to separate ions, and detection of ion abundances. Mass spectrometry can be used to determine molecular masses and obtain structural information through fragmentation patterns.
INTRODUCTION TO UV-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPYJunaid Khan
UV-visible spectroscopy involves measuring the absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet-visible spectral region. When UV-VIS radiation interacts with molecules, it can cause electronic transitions between different energy levels. The absorption spectrum obtained plots absorbance against wavelength, showing characteristic absorption bands. The positions and intensities of these bands provide information about the molecular structure of the absorbing chemical species.
The document outlines a 7 step project execution process (PEP) that includes project planning, engineering, procurement & logistics, installation, integration, start-up, and operation & handover. The project planning step involves presales meetings with the customer, internal project analysis, and a final sales meeting. Internal project analysis delivers documents to various groups covering figures, plans, quality, procurement, and more. The PEP is used to develop company-specific tools and techniques to implement projects, track them, identify bottlenecks, and ensure successful outcomes.
Surface Plasmon Resonance,
Surface Plasmons:
Plasmons confined to surface (interface) and interact with light resulting in polarities.
Propagating electron density waves occurring at the interface between metal and dielectric.
This document outlines a PowerPoint presentation on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It covers the fundamentals of NMR including spin-spin coupling, instrumentation, solvents, chemical shifts, and 2D NMR techniques. Applications discussed include structure elucidation of organic compounds and biomolecules, as well as clinical uses such as MRI. Specific NMR experiments summarized are COSY, NOESY, and HETCOR.
UV/visible spectroscopy involves the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. Absorption spectroscopy measures the absorption of UV or visible light, while emission spectroscopy measures light emitted from a sample. The wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic radiation are inversely related by the equation c=λν. Electronic transitions in molecules, such as σ→σ*, π→π*, n→σ*, and n→π* can be detected using UV/visible spectroscopy. Beer's law states that absorbance is directly proportional to concentration and path length. Chromophores are functional groups in molecules that absorb UV or visible light.
Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy measures the difference in absorbance of left and right circularly polarized light by a substance. CD occurs when asymmetrical molecules interact with polarized light. A CD spectrometer measures the CD spectra of proteins and nucleic acids to determine their secondary structure composition and monitor conformational changes. Key applications include estimating protein and nucleic acid structure, studying macromolecular interactions, and characterizing folding and unfolding kinetics and thermodynamics.
This document provides an overview of fluorescence spectroscopy. It describes how luminescence occurs when a system absorbs external energy like light and emits photons. Specifically, fluorescence involves absorbing ultraviolet or visible light which causes molecule excitation, then reemission of light. The document outlines fluorescence instrumentation components like light sources, wavelength selection using filters or monochromators, detectors, and sample holders. It also discusses related topics such as phosphorescence, absorption spectra, and the advantages and disadvantages of fluorescence spectroscopy.