The document discusses machine learning with Python. It covers topics like introduction to machine learning, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and Python libraries for machine learning. It defines machine learning and describes how it works by learning from examples without being explicitly programmed. It discusses popular machine learning techniques like classification, regression, clustering etc. and how Python is used for tasks like data analysis, data mining and creating scalable machine learning algorithms.
This document discusses machine learning and its implementation using Python. It begins with an introduction to machine learning, including definitions of supervised and unsupervised learning. It then discusses how Python is commonly used for machine learning tasks due to its many relevant libraries. The document provides overviews of popular machine learning techniques like classification, regression, and clustering. It also discusses steps involved in a machine learning project and benefits of machine learning like powerful processing and better decision making.
The document discusses different approaches to artificial intelligence, including rule-based and learning-based systems. It describes rule-based systems as using if-then rules to reach conclusions, while learning-based systems can adapt existing knowledge through learning. Machine learning is discussed as a type of learning-based AI that allows systems to learn from data without being explicitly programmed. Deep learning is described as a subset of machine learning that uses neural networks with multiple layers to learn from examples in a way similar to the human brain.
This document provides an overview of various machine learning algorithms. It discusses supervised learning algorithms like decision trees, naive Bayes, and support vector machines. Unsupervised learning algorithms covered include k-means clustering and principal component analysis. Semi-supervised, reinforcement, and ensemble learning are also summarized. Neural networks and instance-based learning are described. A wide range of applications of machine learning are listed and the document concludes with future opportunities for machine learning.
This document provides an overview of machine learning, including definitions, types, steps, and applications. It defines machine learning as a field that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed. The document outlines the main types of machine learning as supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, and reinforcement learning. It also describes the typical steps in a machine learning process as gathering data, preparing data, choosing a model, training, evaluation, and prediction. Examples of machine learning applications discussed include prediction, image recognition, natural language processing, and personal assistants. Popular machine learning languages and packages are also listed.
This document provides information about an internship in artificial intelligence using Python. It includes definitions of common AI abbreviations and compares human organs to AI tools. It also discusses basics of AI, concepts in AI like machine learning and neural networks, qualities of humans and AI, important IDE software, useful Python packages, types of AI and machine learning, supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms, and the methodology for an image classification project including preprocessing data and extracting features from images.
This document provides information about an internship in artificial intelligence using Python. It includes abbreviations commonly used in AI and machine learning and compares human organs to AI tools. It also discusses basics of AI, concepts in AI like machine learning and neural networks, qualities of humans and AI, important software for AI like Anaconda and TensorFlow, and types of machine learning algorithms. The document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in the internship.
This document discusses machine learning and its implementation using Python. It begins with an introduction to machine learning, including definitions of supervised and unsupervised learning. It then discusses how Python is commonly used for machine learning tasks due to its many relevant libraries. The document provides overviews of popular machine learning techniques like classification, regression, and clustering. It also discusses steps involved in a machine learning project and benefits of machine learning like powerful processing and better decision making.
The document discusses different approaches to artificial intelligence, including rule-based and learning-based systems. It describes rule-based systems as using if-then rules to reach conclusions, while learning-based systems can adapt existing knowledge through learning. Machine learning is discussed as a type of learning-based AI that allows systems to learn from data without being explicitly programmed. Deep learning is described as a subset of machine learning that uses neural networks with multiple layers to learn from examples in a way similar to the human brain.
This document provides an overview of various machine learning algorithms. It discusses supervised learning algorithms like decision trees, naive Bayes, and support vector machines. Unsupervised learning algorithms covered include k-means clustering and principal component analysis. Semi-supervised, reinforcement, and ensemble learning are also summarized. Neural networks and instance-based learning are described. A wide range of applications of machine learning are listed and the document concludes with future opportunities for machine learning.
This document provides an overview of machine learning, including definitions, types, steps, and applications. It defines machine learning as a field that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed. The document outlines the main types of machine learning as supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, and reinforcement learning. It also describes the typical steps in a machine learning process as gathering data, preparing data, choosing a model, training, evaluation, and prediction. Examples of machine learning applications discussed include prediction, image recognition, natural language processing, and personal assistants. Popular machine learning languages and packages are also listed.
This document provides information about an internship in artificial intelligence using Python. It includes definitions of common AI abbreviations and compares human organs to AI tools. It also discusses basics of AI, concepts in AI like machine learning and neural networks, qualities of humans and AI, important IDE software, useful Python packages, types of AI and machine learning, supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms, and the methodology for an image classification project including preprocessing data and extracting features from images.
This document provides information about an internship in artificial intelligence using Python. It includes abbreviations commonly used in AI and machine learning and compares human organs to AI tools. It also discusses basics of AI, concepts in AI like machine learning and neural networks, qualities of humans and AI, important software for AI like Anaconda and TensorFlow, and types of machine learning algorithms. The document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in the internship.
Machine learning basics by akanksha baliAkanksha Bali
This document provides an introduction to machine learning, including definitions of machine learning, why it is needed, and the main types of machine learning algorithms. It describes supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, and reinforcement learning. For each type, it provides examples and brief explanations. It also discusses applications of machine learning and the differences between machine learning and deep learning.
The term Machine Learning was coined by Arthur Samuel in 1959, an american pioneer in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence and stated that “ it gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed” And in 1997, Tom Mitchell gave a “ well-Posed” mathematical and relational definition that “ A Computer Program is said to learn from experience E with respect to some task T and some performance measure P, if its performance on T, as measured by P, improves with experience E”.
Machine learning is needed for tasks that are too complex for humans to code directly. So instead, we provide a large amount of data to a machine learning algorithm and let the algorithm work it out by exploring that data and searching for a model that will achieve what the programmers have set it out to achieve.
Lecture 2 - Introduction to Machine Learning, a lecture in subject module Sta...Maninda Edirisooriya
Introduction to Statistical and Machine Learning. Explains basics of ML, fundamental concepts of ML, Statistical Learning and Deep Learning. Recommends the learning sources and techniques of Machine Learning. This was one of the lectures of a full course I taught in University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka on 2023 second half of the year.
Introduction AI ML& Mathematicals of ML.pdfGandhiMathy6
Machine learning uses probability theory to deal with uncertainty that arises from noisy data, limited data sets, and ambiguity. Probability theory provides a framework to quantify and manipulate uncertainty. It allows optimal predictions given available information, even if that information is incomplete. Key concepts in probability theory for machine learning include defining sample spaces and events, calculating probabilities, working with joint, conditional, and independent probabilities, and using Bayes' rule. These concepts help machine learning algorithms make inferences from data.
Supervised Machine Learning Techniques common algorithms and its applicationTara ram Goyal
The document provides an introduction to supervised machine learning, including definitions, techniques, and applications. It discusses how supervised machine learning involves training algorithms using labeled input data to make predictions on unlabeled data. Some common supervised learning algorithms mentioned are naive Bayes, decision trees, linear regression, support vector machines, and neural networks. Applications discussed include self-driving cars, online recommendations, fraud detection, and spam filtering. The key difference between supervised and unsupervised learning is that supervised learning uses labeled training data while unsupervised learning does not have pre-existing labels.
Introduction to machine learning-2023-IT-AI and DS.pdfSisayNegash4
This document provides an overview of machine learning including definitions, applications, related fields, and challenges. It defines machine learning as computer programs that automatically learn from experience to improve their performance on tasks without being explicitly programmed. Key points include:
- Machine learning aims to extract patterns from complex data and build models to solve problems.
- It has applications in areas like image recognition, natural language processing, prediction, and more.
- Probability and statistics are fundamental to machine learning for dealing with uncertainty in data.
- Machine learning problems can be classified as supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised, or reinforcement learning.
- Challenges include scaling algorithms to large datasets, handling high-dimensional data, and addressing noise and
Unit 1 - ML - Introduction to Machine Learning.pptxjawad184956
1. Machine learning involves using algorithms to learn from data and make predictions without being explicitly programmed. It includes supervised learning (classification and regression), unsupervised learning (clustering and association), and reinforcement learning.
2. Learning models can be divided into logical models (using logical expressions), geometric models (using geometry of data), and probabilistic models (using probability). Common algorithms include decision trees, k-nearest neighbors, Naive Bayes, and k-means clustering.
3. The learning process involves data storage, abstraction (creating models), generalization (applying knowledge), and evaluation (measuring performance). Machine learning has applications in areas like retail, finance, science, engineering, and artificial intelligence.
Pattern Recognition is the branch of machine learning a computer science which deals with the regularities and patterns in the data that can further be used to classify and categorize the data with the help of Pattern Recognition System.
“The assignment of a physical object or event to one of several pre-specified categories”-- Duda & Hart
Pattern Recognition System is responsible for generating patterns and similarities among given problem/data space, that can further be used to generate solutions to complex problems effectively and efficiently.
Certain problems that can be solved by humans, can also be made to be solved by machine by using this process.
Artificial intelligence (AI) involves simulating human intelligence through computer programs. This document discusses various topics in AI including narrow, general, and strong AI; components of AI like data collection, reasoning, and learning; applications such as chatbots, expert systems, and machine learning. Expert systems use knowledge and inference rules to solve problems like a human expert would. They have a user interface, knowledge base, inference engine, and rules base. Machine learning uses algorithms that learn from examples to make predictions.
1) Machine learning involves developing algorithms that learn from data without being explicitly programmed. It is a multidisciplinary field that includes statistics, mathematics, artificial intelligence, and more.
2) There are three main areas of machine learning: supervised learning which uses labeled training data, unsupervised learning which finds patterns in unlabeled data, and reinforcement learning which learns from rewards and punishments.
3) Supervised learning is well-studied and includes techniques like support vector machines, neural networks, decision trees, and Bayesian algorithms which are used for problems like pattern recognition, regression, and time series analysis.
Supervised learning is a fundamental concept in machine learning, where a computer algorithm learns from labeled data to make predictions or decisions. It is a type of machine learning paradigm that involves training a model on a dataset where both the input data and the corresponding desired output (or target) are provided. The goal of supervised learning is to learn a mapping or relationship between inputs and outputs so that the model can make accurate predictions on new, unseen data.v
1. The document discusses machine learning types including supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. It provides examples of applications like spam filtering, recommendations, and fraud detection.
2. Key challenges in machine learning are discussed such as poor quality data, lack of training data, and imperfections when data grows.
3. The difference between data science and machine learning is explained - data science is a broader field that includes extracting insights from data using tools and models, while machine learning focuses specifically on making predictions using algorithms.
This document provides an overview of machine learning concepts and techniques including linear regression, logistic regression, unsupervised learning, and k-means clustering. It discusses how machine learning involves using data to train models that can then be used to make predictions on new data. Key machine learning types covered are supervised learning (regression, classification), unsupervised learning (clustering), and reinforcement learning. Example machine learning applications are also mentioned such as spam filtering, recommender systems, and autonomous vehicles.
This slide gives brief overview of supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning. Algorithms discussed are Naive Bayes, K nearest neighbour, SVM,decision tree, Markov model.
Difference between regression and classification. difference between supervised and reinforcement, iterative functioning of Markov model and machine learning applications.
Basics of machine learning. Fundamentals of machine learning. These slides are collected from different learning materials and organized into one slide set.
Machine learning involves computers improving their ability to complete tasks through experience. A machine learning problem is well-defined if it identifies: 1) the class of tasks, 2) a performance measure to improve on, and 3) the source of training experience. For example, a program that learns to play checkers would improve its ability to win games (performance measure) by playing practice games against itself (training experience) for checkers games (class of tasks). How machines learn involves inputting past data, abstracting that data using algorithms, and generalizing the abstraction to make decisions.
This document provides an overview of data science tools, techniques, and applications. It begins by defining data science and explaining why it is an important and in-demand field. Examples of applications in healthcare, marketing, and logistics are given. Common computational tools for data science like RapidMiner, WEKA, R, Python, and Rattle are described. Techniques like regression, classification, clustering, recommendation, association rules, outlier detection, and prediction are explained along with examples of how they are used. The advantages of using computational tools to analyze data are highlighted.
Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence focused on developing algorithms and models that enable computers to learn from data without being explicitly programmed. There are three main types of machine learning: supervised learning which uses labeled training data, unsupervised learning which finds patterns in unlabeled data, and reinforcement learning where a computer agent learns to maximize rewards through trial and error interactions with an environment.
Machine Learning Chapter one introductionARVIND SARDAR
This document provides an introduction to machine learning, covering various topics. It defines machine learning as a branch of artificial intelligence that uses data and algorithms to enable computers to learn without being explicitly programmed. Various types of machine learning are discussed, including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. Key concepts like hypothesis space, overfitting, evaluation metrics, and linear regression are introduced. Examples of well-posed learning problems are also provided.
Machine learning(ML) is the scientific study of algorithms and statistical models that computer systems used to progressively improve their performance on a specific task. Machine learning algorithms build a mathematical model of sample data, known as “Training Data", in order to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed to perform the task. Machine learning algorithms are used in the applications of email filtering, detection of network intruders and computer vision, where it is infeasible to develop an algorithm of specific instructions for performing the task. Machine learning is closely related to computational statistics, which focuses on making predictions using computers. The study of mathematical optimization delivers methods, theory and application domains to the field of machine learning. Data mining is a field of study within machine learning and focuses on exploratory data analysis through unsupervised learning. In its application across business problems, Machine learning is the study of computer systems that learn from data and experience. It is applied in an incredibly wide variety of application areas, from medicine to advertising, from military to pedestrian. Any area in which you need to make sense of data is a potential customer of machine learning.
Machine learning basics by akanksha baliAkanksha Bali
This document provides an introduction to machine learning, including definitions of machine learning, why it is needed, and the main types of machine learning algorithms. It describes supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, and reinforcement learning. For each type, it provides examples and brief explanations. It also discusses applications of machine learning and the differences between machine learning and deep learning.
The term Machine Learning was coined by Arthur Samuel in 1959, an american pioneer in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence and stated that “ it gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed” And in 1997, Tom Mitchell gave a “ well-Posed” mathematical and relational definition that “ A Computer Program is said to learn from experience E with respect to some task T and some performance measure P, if its performance on T, as measured by P, improves with experience E”.
Machine learning is needed for tasks that are too complex for humans to code directly. So instead, we provide a large amount of data to a machine learning algorithm and let the algorithm work it out by exploring that data and searching for a model that will achieve what the programmers have set it out to achieve.
Lecture 2 - Introduction to Machine Learning, a lecture in subject module Sta...Maninda Edirisooriya
Introduction to Statistical and Machine Learning. Explains basics of ML, fundamental concepts of ML, Statistical Learning and Deep Learning. Recommends the learning sources and techniques of Machine Learning. This was one of the lectures of a full course I taught in University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka on 2023 second half of the year.
Introduction AI ML& Mathematicals of ML.pdfGandhiMathy6
Machine learning uses probability theory to deal with uncertainty that arises from noisy data, limited data sets, and ambiguity. Probability theory provides a framework to quantify and manipulate uncertainty. It allows optimal predictions given available information, even if that information is incomplete. Key concepts in probability theory for machine learning include defining sample spaces and events, calculating probabilities, working with joint, conditional, and independent probabilities, and using Bayes' rule. These concepts help machine learning algorithms make inferences from data.
Supervised Machine Learning Techniques common algorithms and its applicationTara ram Goyal
The document provides an introduction to supervised machine learning, including definitions, techniques, and applications. It discusses how supervised machine learning involves training algorithms using labeled input data to make predictions on unlabeled data. Some common supervised learning algorithms mentioned are naive Bayes, decision trees, linear regression, support vector machines, and neural networks. Applications discussed include self-driving cars, online recommendations, fraud detection, and spam filtering. The key difference between supervised and unsupervised learning is that supervised learning uses labeled training data while unsupervised learning does not have pre-existing labels.
Introduction to machine learning-2023-IT-AI and DS.pdfSisayNegash4
This document provides an overview of machine learning including definitions, applications, related fields, and challenges. It defines machine learning as computer programs that automatically learn from experience to improve their performance on tasks without being explicitly programmed. Key points include:
- Machine learning aims to extract patterns from complex data and build models to solve problems.
- It has applications in areas like image recognition, natural language processing, prediction, and more.
- Probability and statistics are fundamental to machine learning for dealing with uncertainty in data.
- Machine learning problems can be classified as supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised, or reinforcement learning.
- Challenges include scaling algorithms to large datasets, handling high-dimensional data, and addressing noise and
Unit 1 - ML - Introduction to Machine Learning.pptxjawad184956
1. Machine learning involves using algorithms to learn from data and make predictions without being explicitly programmed. It includes supervised learning (classification and regression), unsupervised learning (clustering and association), and reinforcement learning.
2. Learning models can be divided into logical models (using logical expressions), geometric models (using geometry of data), and probabilistic models (using probability). Common algorithms include decision trees, k-nearest neighbors, Naive Bayes, and k-means clustering.
3. The learning process involves data storage, abstraction (creating models), generalization (applying knowledge), and evaluation (measuring performance). Machine learning has applications in areas like retail, finance, science, engineering, and artificial intelligence.
Pattern Recognition is the branch of machine learning a computer science which deals with the regularities and patterns in the data that can further be used to classify and categorize the data with the help of Pattern Recognition System.
“The assignment of a physical object or event to one of several pre-specified categories”-- Duda & Hart
Pattern Recognition System is responsible for generating patterns and similarities among given problem/data space, that can further be used to generate solutions to complex problems effectively and efficiently.
Certain problems that can be solved by humans, can also be made to be solved by machine by using this process.
Artificial intelligence (AI) involves simulating human intelligence through computer programs. This document discusses various topics in AI including narrow, general, and strong AI; components of AI like data collection, reasoning, and learning; applications such as chatbots, expert systems, and machine learning. Expert systems use knowledge and inference rules to solve problems like a human expert would. They have a user interface, knowledge base, inference engine, and rules base. Machine learning uses algorithms that learn from examples to make predictions.
1) Machine learning involves developing algorithms that learn from data without being explicitly programmed. It is a multidisciplinary field that includes statistics, mathematics, artificial intelligence, and more.
2) There are three main areas of machine learning: supervised learning which uses labeled training data, unsupervised learning which finds patterns in unlabeled data, and reinforcement learning which learns from rewards and punishments.
3) Supervised learning is well-studied and includes techniques like support vector machines, neural networks, decision trees, and Bayesian algorithms which are used for problems like pattern recognition, regression, and time series analysis.
Supervised learning is a fundamental concept in machine learning, where a computer algorithm learns from labeled data to make predictions or decisions. It is a type of machine learning paradigm that involves training a model on a dataset where both the input data and the corresponding desired output (or target) are provided. The goal of supervised learning is to learn a mapping or relationship between inputs and outputs so that the model can make accurate predictions on new, unseen data.v
1. The document discusses machine learning types including supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. It provides examples of applications like spam filtering, recommendations, and fraud detection.
2. Key challenges in machine learning are discussed such as poor quality data, lack of training data, and imperfections when data grows.
3. The difference between data science and machine learning is explained - data science is a broader field that includes extracting insights from data using tools and models, while machine learning focuses specifically on making predictions using algorithms.
This document provides an overview of machine learning concepts and techniques including linear regression, logistic regression, unsupervised learning, and k-means clustering. It discusses how machine learning involves using data to train models that can then be used to make predictions on new data. Key machine learning types covered are supervised learning (regression, classification), unsupervised learning (clustering), and reinforcement learning. Example machine learning applications are also mentioned such as spam filtering, recommender systems, and autonomous vehicles.
This slide gives brief overview of supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning. Algorithms discussed are Naive Bayes, K nearest neighbour, SVM,decision tree, Markov model.
Difference between regression and classification. difference between supervised and reinforcement, iterative functioning of Markov model and machine learning applications.
Basics of machine learning. Fundamentals of machine learning. These slides are collected from different learning materials and organized into one slide set.
Machine learning involves computers improving their ability to complete tasks through experience. A machine learning problem is well-defined if it identifies: 1) the class of tasks, 2) a performance measure to improve on, and 3) the source of training experience. For example, a program that learns to play checkers would improve its ability to win games (performance measure) by playing practice games against itself (training experience) for checkers games (class of tasks). How machines learn involves inputting past data, abstracting that data using algorithms, and generalizing the abstraction to make decisions.
This document provides an overview of data science tools, techniques, and applications. It begins by defining data science and explaining why it is an important and in-demand field. Examples of applications in healthcare, marketing, and logistics are given. Common computational tools for data science like RapidMiner, WEKA, R, Python, and Rattle are described. Techniques like regression, classification, clustering, recommendation, association rules, outlier detection, and prediction are explained along with examples of how they are used. The advantages of using computational tools to analyze data are highlighted.
Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence focused on developing algorithms and models that enable computers to learn from data without being explicitly programmed. There are three main types of machine learning: supervised learning which uses labeled training data, unsupervised learning which finds patterns in unlabeled data, and reinforcement learning where a computer agent learns to maximize rewards through trial and error interactions with an environment.
Machine Learning Chapter one introductionARVIND SARDAR
This document provides an introduction to machine learning, covering various topics. It defines machine learning as a branch of artificial intelligence that uses data and algorithms to enable computers to learn without being explicitly programmed. Various types of machine learning are discussed, including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. Key concepts like hypothesis space, overfitting, evaluation metrics, and linear regression are introduced. Examples of well-posed learning problems are also provided.
Machine learning(ML) is the scientific study of algorithms and statistical models that computer systems used to progressively improve their performance on a specific task. Machine learning algorithms build a mathematical model of sample data, known as “Training Data", in order to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed to perform the task. Machine learning algorithms are used in the applications of email filtering, detection of network intruders and computer vision, where it is infeasible to develop an algorithm of specific instructions for performing the task. Machine learning is closely related to computational statistics, which focuses on making predictions using computers. The study of mathematical optimization delivers methods, theory and application domains to the field of machine learning. Data mining is a field of study within machine learning and focuses on exploratory data analysis through unsupervised learning. In its application across business problems, Machine learning is the study of computer systems that learn from data and experience. It is applied in an incredibly wide variety of application areas, from medicine to advertising, from military to pedestrian. Any area in which you need to make sense of data is a potential customer of machine learning.
Similaire à mining sirdar , overman, assistant managerppt.ppt (20)
Global Situational Awareness of A.I. and where its headedvikram sood
You can see the future first in San Francisco.
Over the past year, the talk of the town has shifted from $10 billion compute clusters to $100 billion clusters to trillion-dollar clusters. Every six months another zero is added to the boardroom plans. Behind the scenes, there’s a fierce scramble to secure every power contract still available for the rest of the decade, every voltage transformer that can possibly be procured. American big business is gearing up to pour trillions of dollars into a long-unseen mobilization of American industrial might. By the end of the decade, American electricity production will have grown tens of percent; from the shale fields of Pennsylvania to the solar farms of Nevada, hundreds of millions of GPUs will hum.
The AGI race has begun. We are building machines that can think and reason. By 2025/26, these machines will outpace college graduates. By the end of the decade, they will be smarter than you or I; we will have superintelligence, in the true sense of the word. Along the way, national security forces not seen in half a century will be un-leashed, and before long, The Project will be on. If we’re lucky, we’ll be in an all-out race with the CCP; if we’re unlucky, an all-out war.
Everyone is now talking about AI, but few have the faintest glimmer of what is about to hit them. Nvidia analysts still think 2024 might be close to the peak. Mainstream pundits are stuck on the wilful blindness of “it’s just predicting the next word”. They see only hype and business-as-usual; at most they entertain another internet-scale technological change.
Before long, the world will wake up. But right now, there are perhaps a few hundred people, most of them in San Francisco and the AI labs, that have situational awareness. Through whatever peculiar forces of fate, I have found myself amongst them. A few years ago, these people were derided as crazy—but they trusted the trendlines, which allowed them to correctly predict the AI advances of the past few years. Whether these people are also right about the next few years remains to be seen. But these are very smart people—the smartest people I have ever met—and they are the ones building this technology. Perhaps they will be an odd footnote in history, or perhaps they will go down in history like Szilard and Oppenheimer and Teller. If they are seeing the future even close to correctly, we are in for a wild ride.
Let me tell you what we see.
Open Source Contributions to Postgres: The Basics POSETTE 2024ElizabethGarrettChri
Postgres is the most advanced open-source database in the world and it's supported by a community, not a single company. So how does this work? How does code actually get into Postgres? I recently had a patch submitted and committed and I want to share what I learned in that process. I’ll give you an overview of Postgres versions and how the underlying project codebase functions. I’ll also show you the process for submitting a patch and getting that tested and committed.
STATATHON: Unleashing the Power of Statistics in a 48-Hour Knowledge Extravag...sameer shah
"Join us for STATATHON, a dynamic 2-day event dedicated to exploring statistical knowledge and its real-world applications. From theory to practice, participants engage in intensive learning sessions, workshops, and challenges, fostering a deeper understanding of statistical methodologies and their significance in various fields."
"Financial Odyssey: Navigating Past Performance Through Diverse Analytical Lens"sameer shah
Embark on a captivating financial journey with 'Financial Odyssey,' our hackathon project. Delve deep into the past performance of two companies as we employ an array of financial statement analysis techniques. From ratio analysis to trend analysis, uncover insights crucial for informed decision-making in the dynamic world of finance."
Build applications with generative AI on Google CloudMárton Kodok
We will explore Vertex AI - Model Garden powered experiences, we are going to learn more about the integration of these generative AI APIs. We are going to see in action what the Gemini family of generative models are for developers to build and deploy AI-driven applications. Vertex AI includes a suite of foundation models, these are referred to as the PaLM and Gemini family of generative ai models, and they come in different versions. We are going to cover how to use via API to: - execute prompts in text and chat - cover multimodal use cases with image prompts. - finetune and distill to improve knowledge domains - run function calls with foundation models to optimize them for specific tasks. At the end of the session, developers will understand how to innovate with generative AI and develop apps using the generative ai industry trends.
End-to-end pipeline agility - Berlin Buzzwords 2024Lars Albertsson
We describe how we achieve high change agility in data engineering by eliminating the fear of breaking downstream data pipelines through end-to-end pipeline testing, and by using schema metaprogramming to safely eliminate boilerplate involved in changes that affect whole pipelines.
A quick poll on agility in changing pipelines from end to end indicated a huge span in capabilities. For the question "How long time does it take for all downstream pipelines to be adapted to an upstream change," the median response was 6 months, but some respondents could do it in less than a day. When quantitative data engineering differences between the best and worst are measured, the span is often 100x-1000x, sometimes even more.
A long time ago, we suffered at Spotify from fear of changing pipelines due to not knowing what the impact might be downstream. We made plans for a technical solution to test pipelines end-to-end to mitigate that fear, but the effort failed for cultural reasons. We eventually solved this challenge, but in a different context. In this presentation we will describe how we test full pipelines effectively by manipulating workflow orchestration, which enables us to make changes in pipelines without fear of breaking downstream.
Making schema changes that affect many jobs also involves a lot of toil and boilerplate. Using schema-on-read mitigates some of it, but has drawbacks since it makes it more difficult to detect errors early. We will describe how we have rejected this tradeoff by applying schema metaprogramming, eliminating boilerplate but keeping the protection of static typing, thereby further improving agility to quickly modify data pipelines without fear.
Beyond the Basics of A/B Tests: Highly Innovative Experimentation Tactics You...Aggregage
This webinar will explore cutting-edge, less familiar but powerful experimentation methodologies which address well-known limitations of standard A/B Testing. Designed for data and product leaders, this session aims to inspire the embrace of innovative approaches and provide insights into the frontiers of experimentation!
1. Machine Learning with Python
K. Anvesh
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Information Technology
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
2. Topics to be covered…..
• Introduction to Machine Learning
• Supervised Learning
• Unsupervised Learning
• Python libraries for Machine Learning
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
3. What is Machine Learning?
• The capability of Artificial Intelligence systems
to learn by extracting patterns from data is
known as Machine Learning.
• Machine Learning is an idea to learn from
examples and experience, without being explicitly
programmed. Instead of writing code, you feed
data to the generic algorithm, and it builds logic
based on the data given.
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
4. Introduction to Machine Learning
• Python is a popular platform used for research
and development of production systems. It is
a vast language with number of modules,
packages and libraries that provides multiple
ways of achieving a task.
• Python and its libraries like NumPy, Pandas,
SciPy, Scikit-Learn, Matplotlib are used in data
science and data analysis. They are also
extensively used for creating scalable machine
learning algorithms.
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
5. • Python implements popular machine learning
techniques such as Classification, Regression,
Recommendation, and Clustering.
• Python offers ready-made framework for
performing data mining tasks on large
volumes of data effectively in lesser time
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
6. What is Machine Learning?
• Data science, machine learning and artificial
intelligence are some of the top trending
topics in the tech world today. Data mining
and Bayesian analysis are trending and this is
adding the demand for machine learning.
• Machine Learning
– Study of algorithms that improve their
performance at some task with experience
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
7. • Machine learning is a discipline that deals with
programming the systems so as to make them
automatically learn and improve with experience.
• Here, learning implies recognizing and understanding the
input data and taking informed decisions based on the
supplied data.
• It is very difficult to consider all the decisions based on all
possible inputs. To solve this problem, algorithms are
developed that build knowledge from a specific data and
past experience by applying the principles of statistical
science, probability, logic, mathematical optimization,
reinforcement learning, and control th
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
8. ML
Machine Learning (ML) is an automated learning
with little or no human intervention. It involves
programming computers so that they learn from
the available inputs. The main purpose of
machine learning is to explore and construct
algorithms that can learn from the previous data
and make predictions on new input data.
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
9. Growth of Machine Learning
• Machine learning is preferred approach to
– Speech recognition, Natural language processing
– Computer vision
– Medical outcomes analysis
– Robot control
– Computational biology
• This trend is accelerating
– Improved machine learning algorithms
– Improved data capture, networking, faster computers
– Software too complex to write by hand
– New sensors / IO devices
– Demand for self-customization to user, environment
– It turns out to be difficult to extract knowledge from human
expertsfailure of expert systems in the 1980’s.
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
10. Applications of Machine Learning Algorithms
• The developed machine learning algorithms are used in various
applications such as:
Web search
Computational biology
Finance
E-commerce
Space exploration
Robotics
Information extraction
Social networks
Debugging
Data mining
Expert systems
Robotics
Vision processing
Language processing
Forecasting things like
stock market trends,
weather
Pattern recognition
Games
[Your favorite area]
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
11. Benefits of Machine Learning
• Powerful Processing
• Better Decision Making & Prediction
• Quicker Processing
• Accurate
• Affordable Data Management
• Inexpensive
• Analyzing Complex Big Data
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
12. Steps Involved in Machine Learning
• A machine learning project involves the
following steps:
–Defining a Problem
–Preparing Data
–Evaluating Algorithms
–Improving Results
–Presenting Results
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16. Magic?
No, more like gardening
• Seeds = Algorithms
• Nutrients = Data
• Gardener = You
• Plants = Programs
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17. So what the machine learning is…
• Automating automation
• Getting computers to program themselves
• Writing software is the bottleneck
• Let the data do the work instead!
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18. Machine Learning Techniques
Given below are some techniques in this Machine
Learning tutorial.
• Classification
• Categorization
• Clustering
• Trend analysis
• Anomaly detection
• Visualization
• Decision making
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
19. ML in a Nutshell
• Machine Learning is a sub-set of Artificial
Intelligence where computer algorithms are used to
autonomously learn from data and
information. Machine learning computers can
change and improve their algorithms all by
themselves.
• Tens of thousands of machine learning algorithms
• Every machine learning algorithm has three
components:
– Representation
– Evaluation
– Optimization
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20. Representation
• Decision trees
• Sets of rules / Logic programs
• Instances
• Graphical models
• Neural networks
• Support vector machines (SVM)
• Model ensembles
etc………
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
21. Evaluation
• Accuracy
• Precision and recall
• Squared error
• Likelihood
• Posterior probability
• Cost / Utility
• Margin
• Entropy
• K-L divergence
• Etc.
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
22. Optimization
• Combinatorial optimization
– E.g.: Greedy search
• Convex optimization
– E.g.: Gradient descent
• Constrained optimization
– E.g.: Linear programming
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
23. Features of Machine Learning
Let us look at some of the features of Machine
Learning.
• Machine Learning is computing-intensive and
generally requires a large amount of training
data.
• It involves repetitive training to improve the
learning and decision making of algorithms.
• As more data gets added, Machine Learning
training can be automated for learning new data
patterns and adapting its algorithm.
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
24. Machine Learning Algorithms
• Machine Learning can learn from labeled data
(known as supervised learning) or unlabelled
data (known as unsupervised learning).
• Machine Learning algorithms involving
unlabelled data, or unsupervised learning, are
more complicated than those with the labeled
data or supervised learning
• Machine Learning algorithms can be used to
make decisions in subjective areas as well.
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
25. Examples
• Logistic Regression can be used to predict which
party will win at the ballots.
• Naïve Bayes algorithm can separate valid emails from
spam.
• Face detection: Identify faces in images (or indicate if
a face is present).
• Email filtering: Classify emails into spam and not-
spam.
• Medical diagnosis: Diagnose a patient as a sufferer
or non-sufferer of some disease.
• Weather prediction: Predict, for instance, whether
or not it will rain tomorrow.
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
26. Concepts of Learning
• Learning is the process of converting
experience into expertise or knowledge.
• Learning can be broadly classified into three
categories, as mentioned below, based on the
nature of the learning data and interaction
between the learner and the environment.
• Supervised Learning
• Unsupervised Learning
• Semi-supervised learning
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
27. Types of Learning
• Supervised (inductive) learning
– Training data includes desired outputs
• Unsupervised learning
– Training data does not include desired outputs
• Semi-supervised learning
– Training data includes a few desired outputs
• Reinforcement learning
– Rewards from sequence of actions
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28. • Similarly, there are four categories of machine
learning algorithms as shown below:
• Supervised learning algorithm
• Unsupervised learning algorithm
• Semi-supervised learning algorithm
• Reinforcement learning algorithm
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29. Supervised Learning
• A majority of practical machine learning uses
supervised learning.
• In supervised learning, the system tries to learn from
the previous examples that are given. (On the other
hand, in unsupervised learning, the system attempts
to find the patterns directly from the example
given.)
• Speaking mathematically, supervised learning is
where you have both input variables (x) and output
variables(Y) and can use an algorithm to derive the
mapping function from the input to the output.
• The mapping function is expressed as Y = f(X).
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
30. • When an algorithm learns from example data and
associated target responses that can consist of
numeric values or string labels, such as classes or
tags, in order to later predict the correct response
when posed with new examples comes under the
category of Supervised learning.
• This approach is indeed similar to human learning
under the supervision of a teacher. The teacher
provides good examples for the student to
memorize, and the student then derives general
rules from these specific examples.
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
32. Categories of Supervised learning
• Supervised learning problems can be further
divided into two parts, namely classification, and
regression.
• Classification: A classification problem is when
the output variable is a category or a group, such
as “black” or “white” or “spam” and “no spam”.
• Regression: A regression problem is when the
output variable is a real value, such as “Rupees”
or “height.”
•
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33. Unsupervised Learning
• In unsupervised learning, the algorithms are left
to themselves to discover interesting structures in
the data.
• Mathematically, unsupervised learning is when
you only have input data (X) and no
corresponding output variables.
• This is called unsupervised learning because
unlike supervised learning above, there are no
given correct answers and the machine itself
finds the answers.
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
34. • Unsupervised learning is used to detect anomalies,
outliers, such as fraud or defective equipment, or
to group customers with similar behaviours for a
sales campaign. It is the opposite of supervised
learning. There is no labelled data here.
• When learning data contains only some indications
without any description or labels, it is up to the
coder or to the algorithm to find the structure of
the underlying data, to discover hidden patterns,
or to determine how to describe the data. This kind
of learning data is called unlabeled data.
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
35. Categories of Unsupervised learning
• Unsupervised learning problems can be further
divided into association and clustering
problems.
• Association: An association rule learning problem
is where you want to discover rules that describe
large portions of your data, such as “people that
buy X also tend to buy Y”.
• Clustering: A clustering problem is where you
want to discover the inherent groupings in the
data, such as grouping customers by purchasing
behaviour.
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
36. Reinforcement Learning
• A computer program will interact with a dynamic
environment in which it must perform a
particular goal (such as playing a game with an
opponent or driving a car). The program is
provided feedback in terms of rewards and
punishments as it navigates its problem space.
• Using this algorithm, the machine is trained to
make specific decisions. It works this way: the
machine is exposed to an environment where it
continuously trains itself using trial and error
method.
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
37. • Here learning data gives feedback so that the
system adjusts to dynamic conditions in order
to achieve a certain objective. The system
evaluates its performance based on the
feedback responses and reacts accordingly.
The best known instances include self-driving
cars and chess master algorithm AlphaGo.
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
38. Semi-supervised learning
• If some learning samples are labeled, but some other
are not labelled, then it is semi- supervised learning. It
makes use of a large amount of unlabeled data for
training and a small amount of labelled data for
testing. Semi-supervised learning is applied in cases
where it is expensive to acquire a fully labelled dataset
while more practical to label a small subset.
• For example, it often requires skilled experts to
label certain remote sensing images, and lots of field
experiments to locate oil at a particular location, while
acquiring unlabeled data is relatively easy.
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
39. • Here an incomplete training signal is given: a
training set with some (often many) of the
target outputs missing. There is a special case
of this principle known as Transduction where
the entire set of problem instances is known
at learning time, except that part of the
targets are missing.
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
40. Categorizing on the basis of required Output
Another categorization of machine learning tasks arises
when one considers the desired output of a machine-learned
system:
• Classification : When inputs are divided into two or more
classes, and the learner must produce a model that
assigns unseen inputs to one or more (multi-label
classification) of these classes. This is typically tackled in a
supervised way. Spam filtering is an example of
classification, where the inputs are email (or other)
messages and the classes are “spam” and “not spam”.
• Regression : Which is also a supervised problem, A case
when the outputs are continuous rather than discrete.
• Clustering : When a set of inputs is to be divided into
groups. Unlike in classification, the groups are not known
beforehand, making this typically an unsupervised task.
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT
41. Libraries and Packages
• To understand machine learning, you need to have basic
knowledge of Python programming. In addition, there are a
number of libraries and packages generally used in
performing various machine learning tasks as listed below:
– numpy - is used for its N-dimensional array objects
– pandas – is a data analysis library that includes dataframes
– matplotlib – is 2D plotting library for creating graphs and plots
– scikit-learn - the algorithms used for data analysis and data mining
tasks
– seaborn – a data visualization library based on matplotlib
K. Anvesh, Dept. of IT