The document summarizes key aspects of nerve physiology: - The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system is further divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. - A neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. Neurons transmit electrical signals called action potentials via their axons. - An action potential occurs when a neuron is stimulated - sodium ions rush into the neuron, depolarizing the membrane. Then potassium ions exit, repolarizing the membrane back to its resting potential. This allows signals to propagate along axons.