Occupational health and safety refers to procedures that maintain worker well-being in any job. It provides a safe work environment and protects against illness and injury. The document defines several types of workplace hazards including physical, biological, ergonomic, chemical, and psychological hazards. It provides examples of each type of hazard caregivers may face, such as heavy lifting (ergonomic), infectious materials (biological), and verbal abuse (psychological). The document emphasizes the importance of occupational health and safety for protecting workers, ensuring business operation, and boosting employee morale and productivity.

1. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
AND SAFETY
By:RELENE JOY SOTO,LPT

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
•Explain Occupational Health and Safety.
•Identify the different types of hazard and
risks.
•Evaluate the importance of Occupational
Health and Safety.

3. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
•What is Occupational Health and
Safety?
•Why is it important to learn the
Occupational Health and Safety?

4. SHORT DRILL
Directions: Write True, if the statement is correct, or False, if it is
incorrect.
__________1.Too much bending and reaching is an example of physical
hazard.
__________2.Psychological hazards happen when a worker’s
environment becomes stressful.
__________3.Observing the nursing home environment is one of the
ways in determining health problems in the workplace.
__________4.Accidents happen because people are not mindful of their
environment.
__________5.Too much lifting of heavy loads does not result in injury.

5. DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENT PICTURES BELOW

6. WHAT IS OHS?

7. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND
SAFETY
•is the campaign and maintenance of the well-being
of workers in every occupation. It talks about
providing a safe working environment to achieve an
injury-free workplace and a healthy atmosphere
that protects every worker against illness. As an
effect, it may also protect co-workers, family
members, clients, and other members of the
community who are affected by the workplace

8. HAZARDS AND RISKS
•Hazard is anything that may cause
harm to an individual, such as chemicals,
electricity, open drawers, and inadequate
ventilation.

9. Example of Hazards:
Workplace hazards can come from a wide range of sources. General
examples include any substance, material, process, practice, etc that has the
ability to cause harm or adverse health effect to a person under certain
conditions.
 An object that could fall from a height (potential or gravitational energy)
 A run-away chemical reaction (chemical energy)
 The release of compressed gas or steam (pressure; high temperature)
 Entanglement of hair or clothing in rotating equipment (kinetic energy)
 Contact with electrodes of a battery or capacitor (electrical energy).

10. Risk is the possibility that
somebody could be harmed by
these and other hazards and the
indication of how serious the harm
can be.

11. Factors that influence the degree of risk include:
 How much a person is exposed to a hazardous thing or
condition?
 How the person is exposed (e.g., breathing in a vapor,
skin contact)?
 How severe are the effects under the conditions of
exposure?

12. Types of Hazards
Physical hazards are the
most normal occurrences in
workplaces. They are usually
easy to detect, however, very
often are neglected because
people are too accustomed to
them. Another reason may be
due to lack of knowledge or
people do not see situations as
hazards.

13. EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS THAT A
CAREGIVER MAY BE EXPOSED TO:
• Electrical hazards: Even in day care institutions or nursing homes where care
should be of utmost concern, improper wiring and frayed cords may still go
unnoticed. Misuse of electrical equipment also happens in any type of work
environment.
• Endless loud noise: If one is going to work in a nursing home, frequent noise
from patients who are suffering from depression is definitely a hazard.
• Spills on floors or tripping hazards: There are times when even the caregivers
themselves do not mind spills on floors. This, definitely, poses hazard to
everyone.

14. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
come from working with
animals, people or infectious
materials. This is, therefore,
one of the most common
hazards that a caregiver
faces. If one is working in a
day care, hospital, hotel
laundry, nursing home,
laboratories, he/she may be
exposed to biological hazards.

15. EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS THAT A
CAREGIVER MAY BE EXPOSED TO:
•blood or other body fluids
•fungi
• bacteria and viruses
• contaminated wastes

16. SOME OF THE EFFECTS OF BIOLOGICAL
HAZARDS
•infections
•skin irritations
•allergy
•Tuberculosis

17. ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
• occur when a caregiver’s nature of
work, body position and working
conditions put pressure on his/her body.
It is difficult to spot this type of hazard,
because caregivers do not immediately
notice the effect to their bodies. At
first, sore muscles may be experienced.
But long term exposure to this type of
hazard can cause musculoskeletal
problems.

18. EXAMPLES OF ERGONOMIC HAZARDS THAT A
CAREGIVER MAY BE EXPOSED TO:
• performing tasks that require lifting
heavy loads
• too much bending and reaching
• standing for long periods of time
• holding body parts for long period of time
• awkward movements, especially if they
are repetitive
• repeating the same movements over and
over

19. SOME OF THE EFFECTS OF ERGONOMIC
HAZARDS
• • pain in the shoulders
• • back injury
• • too much impact on wrist and hands
• • numbness in some parts of the body
• • muscle cramps

20. CHEMICAL HAZARDS
• are present when a worker is
exposed to any chemical
preparation in the workplace in
any form (solid, liquid or gas).
There may be chemicals which
are safe, but some caregivers
who are sensitive to solutions
may cause skin irritation,
illness or breathing problems.

21. Examples of chemical
hazards that a caregiver
may be exposed to:
• liquids like cleaning
products
• disinfecting solutions
Effects of Chemical
Hazards
•Lung diseases
•Difficulty in
breathing
•Allergy

22. PSYCHOLOGICAL HAZARDS
•Psychological Hazards
take place when a
caregiver’s work
environment becomes
stressful or
demanding.

23. Examples of psychological
hazards that a caregiver may be
exposed to:
• Burn out, fatigue and on call
duty
• Unreasonable expectations from
patients or clients
• Verbal abuse form dissatisfied
clients
• Unreasonable expectations from
supervisors and management.
Some of the Effects of
Psychological Hazards
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Loss of confidence
• Loss of concentration at
work
• Deterioration of
performance at work

24. WHAT IS OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND
SAFETY?
Occupational Health and Safety refers to structured procedures in
sustaining the people’s welfare in any kind of job at work place. It has
a broad scope which deals with the following:
• Maintaining healthy employees and zero illness at work.
• Providing a safe, accident-free, and fatal-free working area.
• Encouraging and upholding a maximum level of not only physical,
but also mental and social well-being of the employees.
• Safeguarding the people from any possible hazards and risks.

25. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO LEARN THE
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY?
Occupational Health and Safety Procedures (OSH) is vital in any organization
because it serves as the backbone of the business. There are valid reasons why
OSH is very significant and these include but not limited to:
• Protect everyone in the workplace.
• Make sure that work efficiency due to sickness, injuries, and even fatalities.
• Ensure smooth business operation.
• Keep the employees physically, mentally, and socially fit.
• Boost employee’s morale.
• Avoid absenteeism and increase productivity.
• Promote harmonious relationship among the employees