The vestibular system contains structures in the inner ear that sense movement and maintain balance and eye coordination. It includes semicircular canals, which contain fluid and sensory cells that detect rotational movement, and the utricle and saccule, which contain otolith organs that detect linear acceleration. When the head moves, fluid in the semicircular canals shifts, bending sensory hair cells and sending signals to the brain. This allows perception of angular acceleration. The utricle senses horizontal head movements and the saccule senses vertical movements. Together they maintain static equilibrium. Signals from the vestibular system help stabilize gaze and coordinate eye movements with head movements.
The document discusses the anatomy of the inner ear. It begins by describing the embryology of the inner ear, including the development of the membranous labyrinth within the bony labyrinth. It then details the anatomy of various structures within the inner ear, such as the vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea, vestibular receptors, hair cells, and auditory nerve. It also discusses topics like the embryological development of the inner ear, congenital deformities that can occur, and the roles of perilymph and endolymph within the inner ear.
The inner ear consists of a membranous labyrinth encased within the bony labyrinth of the temporal bone. The membranous labyrinth contains the cochlea for hearing and the vestibular system for balance. In the cochlea, sound vibrations are transduced into neural signals by hair cells located along the basilar membrane. The vestibular system contains semicircular canals and otolith organs that sense head movement and position. Sensory information from the inner ear is transmitted to the brainstem and cortex via the vestibulocochlear nerve.
INNER EAR - DR NITIN ANIYAN THOMAS (NATS)nitin thomas
The inner ear begins developing in the 3rd week of fetal life and completes development by the 16th week. It contains the bony labyrinth within the membranous labyrinth. The membranous labyrinth contains the cochlea for hearing and the vestibular apparatus for balance and equilibrium, including the utricle, saccule and semicircular canals. Sound is transduced into electrical signals by hair cells in the organ of Corti in the cochlea. The vestibular apparatus contains hair cells that detect head movement and position. Endolymph and perilymph within the inner allow for this mechanical and electrical transduction of sound and movement.
The vestibular system helps maintain balance and stabilize gaze. It contains semicircular canals that detect rotational head movements and otolith organs that detect linear acceleration and head position relative to gravity. The vestibular nerve relays information from the inner ear to the brainstem vestibular nuclei. These nuclei integrate vestibular signals and generate reflexes that control eye movements and posture.
The vestibular system contains structures in the inner ear that sense movement and maintain balance and eye coordination. It includes semicircular canals, which contain fluid and sensory cells that detect rotational movement, and the utricle and saccule, which contain otolith organs that detect linear acceleration. When the head moves, fluid in the semicircular canals shifts, bending sensory hair cells and sending signals to the brain. This allows perception of angular acceleration. The utricle senses horizontal head movements and the saccule senses vertical movements. Together they maintain static equilibrium. Signals from the vestibular system help stabilize gaze and coordinate eye movements with head movements.
The document discusses the anatomy of the inner ear. It begins by describing the embryology of the inner ear, including the development of the membranous labyrinth within the bony labyrinth. It then details the anatomy of various structures within the inner ear, such as the vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea, vestibular receptors, hair cells, and auditory nerve. It also discusses topics like the embryological development of the inner ear, congenital deformities that can occur, and the roles of perilymph and endolymph within the inner ear.
The inner ear consists of a membranous labyrinth encased within the bony labyrinth of the temporal bone. The membranous labyrinth contains the cochlea for hearing and the vestibular system for balance. In the cochlea, sound vibrations are transduced into neural signals by hair cells located along the basilar membrane. The vestibular system contains semicircular canals and otolith organs that sense head movement and position. Sensory information from the inner ear is transmitted to the brainstem and cortex via the vestibulocochlear nerve.
INNER EAR - DR NITIN ANIYAN THOMAS (NATS)nitin thomas
The inner ear begins developing in the 3rd week of fetal life and completes development by the 16th week. It contains the bony labyrinth within the membranous labyrinth. The membranous labyrinth contains the cochlea for hearing and the vestibular apparatus for balance and equilibrium, including the utricle, saccule and semicircular canals. Sound is transduced into electrical signals by hair cells in the organ of Corti in the cochlea. The vestibular apparatus contains hair cells that detect head movement and position. Endolymph and perilymph within the inner allow for this mechanical and electrical transduction of sound and movement.
The vestibular system helps maintain balance and stabilize gaze. It contains semicircular canals that detect rotational head movements and otolith organs that detect linear acceleration and head position relative to gravity. The vestibular nerve relays information from the inner ear to the brainstem vestibular nuclei. These nuclei integrate vestibular signals and generate reflexes that control eye movements and posture.
Vestibular Anatomy and Physiology- شيرين.pptxReadwithme
The vestibular system consists of five sensory end organs that detect head movement and acceleration. The three semicircular canals detect rotational head movements while the utricle and saccule detect linear acceleration. Hair cells in the semicircular canals and maculae bend in response to movement, triggering nerve impulses about head position and motion sent to the brain for balance control. The brain then coordinates muscle contractions to maintain equilibrium.
This presentation explains the working of the ear... It is best for medical students.. It includes all the key points necessary for an exam too... So this presentation can also be used as a notes for your exams...
The vestibular apparatus contains the organs that sense equilibrium - the utricle, saccule, and three semicircular canals. Hair cells within these organs detect linear and angular acceleration. When stimulated, hair cells trigger nerve impulses that travel to the brainstem and cerebellum to maintain posture and balance. Disorders like vertigo, motion sickness, and Meniere's disease can disturb equilibrium by affecting the vestibular apparatus.
human's inner ear ,which is third part of ear, Having cochlea and vestibular system.in this slide we will discuss about the anatomy and physiology of inner ear.
The structures involved in equilibrium are located in the inner ear. There are two types of equilibrium - static and dynamic. Static equilibrium occurs when the body is motionless or moving in a straight line, and involves the utricle, saccule, and otolith membranes. Dynamic equilibrium occurs during rotational movement and involves the three semicircular canals and their associated ampullae and cupulae. Both static and dynamic equilibrium allow the detection of head position and movement via hair cells that detect fluid motion and send nerve impulses.
vestibular apparatus, choclear process, process of hearing and balance in human, function and component of vestibular apparatus, types of cells present in vestibular apparatus
The vestibular system detects motion and orientation of the head. It consists of five sensory end organs - three semicircular canals and two otolith organs. The semicircular canals detect rotational movement and contain cristae that sense angular acceleration. The utricle and saccule are the otolith organs and detect linear acceleration and gravity. They contain hair cells covered by an otolith membrane with embedded crystals that provide inertia against endolymph fluid. Together, the vestibular system works with vision and proprioception to maintain balance and spatial orientation.
hey Guys ,
here u get the detail anatomy of vestibular system for Bachelors level . if have any suggestion or want any topic PPT , Mail me - anantarun27@gmail,com
here i am to explain the Anatomy and physiology of part of the Pyramidal tract, that is the corticospinal tract. I also added the clinical significance of corticospinal tract. The course of the corticospinal tract are well explained.
The inner ear is composed of a bony labyrinth that houses the membranous labyrinth. The membranous labyrinth contains the cochlea, three semicircular canals, and two otolith organs (the utricle and saccule). The semicircular canals contain cristae that detect rotational head movements while the utricle and saccule contain maculae that detect linear accelerations and gravity. Endolymph fills the membranous labyrinth and perilymph fills the space between the bony and membranous labyrinths. The vestibular portion detects head movements and maintains balance.
The ear is divided into the external, middle, and inner ear. The external ear collects sound waves and directs them through the external auditory canal to the tympanic membrane. The middle ear contains the ossicles that amplify vibrations before passing them to the inner ear. The inner ear contains the cochlea for hearing and vestibular system for balance. Within these structures are specialized hair cells that detect mechanical stimuli and transduce them into electrical signals via stereocilia on their surfaces.
The inner ear begins developing between 3-16 weeks of gestation, forming otic discs, pits, and cysts from ectoderm thickening over the hindbrain. Each otocyst divides into ventral and dorsal parts, forming the saccule, cochlear duct, utricle, semicircular canals, and endolymphatic duct. The cochlear duct coils from base to apex, reaching 2.5 coils by 25 weeks. Sensory cells in the maculae, cristae, and organ of Corti develop between 11-16 weeks.
Vestibular sensation & maintenance of equilibriumDr Sara Sadiq
The vestibular apparatus in the inner ear detects sensations of equilibrium and balance. It consists of semicircular canals and otolith organs. The semicircular canals detect rotational movement and contain cristae that bend hair cells when the head rotates. The otolith organs, the utricle and saccule, contain maculae that sense linear acceleration like gravity. Hair cells in both organs release neurotransmitters at different rates depending on the direction and amount of bending, enabling detection of movement and position. Together with other sensory inputs, the vestibular apparatus helps maintain equilibrium and anticipates falls.
Physiology Special senses vestibular system.pptxSanaSoomro7
The vestibular system contains five sensory organs in the inner ear that detect motion and orientation - the utricle, saccule, and three semicircular canals. Hair cells in these organs bend in response to linear or rotational acceleration, stimulating nerve fibers that project to the vestibular nuclei. This information is used to coordinate two reflexes - the vestibulo-ocular reflex stabilizes gaze during head movement, while the vestibulo-spinal reflex activates muscles to maintain posture and balance. Together these reflexes help integrate vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive input to keep the eyes and body oriented during motion.
The document summarizes the anatomy and development of the inner ear. It discusses the embryological development from otic placodes to the formation of the membranous labyrinth. The inner ear anatomy includes the bony labyrinth containing the vestibule, semicircular canals and cochlea, as well as the membranous labyrinth containing the cochlear duct, utricle, saccule and endolymphatic structures. The organ of Corti is described as the sensory receptor organ of the cochlea containing inner and outer hair cells. The mechanism of hearing is also briefly outlined involving mechanical conduction of sound and the traveling wave theory of sound transmission in the cochle
The organ of Corti is located in the cochlea between the scala tympani and scala media. It is the sensory organ for hearing and contains hair cells that transduce sound vibrations into nerve impulses. The organ of Corti sits on the basilar membrane and contains three key cell types - inner and outer hair cells that detect sound, and supporting cells that provide structure. Inner hair cells transmit signals to the brain while outer hair cells modulate their function. Together, movement of the basilar membrane causes the hair cells to bend, opening ion channels and generating nerve impulses that are transmitted to the brain for interpretation as sound. The unique ion composition within the cochlea, maintained by
The document provides information about the spinal cord, spinal nerves, and somatic reflexes. It discusses the structure and functions of the spinal cord, including that it acts as an information highway between the brain and body. It describes the ascending and descending tracts that carry sensory and motor signals up and down the spinal cord. Key points covered include the gross and microscopic anatomy of the spinal cord, the 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and examples of somatic reflexes like withdrawing from a hot stimulus.
The internal ear, also called the labyrinth, has a bony and membranous portion. The bony labyrinth contains the semicircular canals for balance and the cochlea for hearing. The membranous labyrinth sits inside the bony labyrinth and contains the vestibule, semicircular ducts, and cochlear duct. The cochlea is coiled like a snail shell and contains the organ of Corti with hair cells that detect sound vibrations.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Vestibular Anatomy and Physiology- شيرين.pptxReadwithme
The vestibular system consists of five sensory end organs that detect head movement and acceleration. The three semicircular canals detect rotational head movements while the utricle and saccule detect linear acceleration. Hair cells in the semicircular canals and maculae bend in response to movement, triggering nerve impulses about head position and motion sent to the brain for balance control. The brain then coordinates muscle contractions to maintain equilibrium.
This presentation explains the working of the ear... It is best for medical students.. It includes all the key points necessary for an exam too... So this presentation can also be used as a notes for your exams...
The vestibular apparatus contains the organs that sense equilibrium - the utricle, saccule, and three semicircular canals. Hair cells within these organs detect linear and angular acceleration. When stimulated, hair cells trigger nerve impulses that travel to the brainstem and cerebellum to maintain posture and balance. Disorders like vertigo, motion sickness, and Meniere's disease can disturb equilibrium by affecting the vestibular apparatus.
human's inner ear ,which is third part of ear, Having cochlea and vestibular system.in this slide we will discuss about the anatomy and physiology of inner ear.
The structures involved in equilibrium are located in the inner ear. There are two types of equilibrium - static and dynamic. Static equilibrium occurs when the body is motionless or moving in a straight line, and involves the utricle, saccule, and otolith membranes. Dynamic equilibrium occurs during rotational movement and involves the three semicircular canals and their associated ampullae and cupulae. Both static and dynamic equilibrium allow the detection of head position and movement via hair cells that detect fluid motion and send nerve impulses.
vestibular apparatus, choclear process, process of hearing and balance in human, function and component of vestibular apparatus, types of cells present in vestibular apparatus
The vestibular system detects motion and orientation of the head. It consists of five sensory end organs - three semicircular canals and two otolith organs. The semicircular canals detect rotational movement and contain cristae that sense angular acceleration. The utricle and saccule are the otolith organs and detect linear acceleration and gravity. They contain hair cells covered by an otolith membrane with embedded crystals that provide inertia against endolymph fluid. Together, the vestibular system works with vision and proprioception to maintain balance and spatial orientation.
hey Guys ,
here u get the detail anatomy of vestibular system for Bachelors level . if have any suggestion or want any topic PPT , Mail me - anantarun27@gmail,com
here i am to explain the Anatomy and physiology of part of the Pyramidal tract, that is the corticospinal tract. I also added the clinical significance of corticospinal tract. The course of the corticospinal tract are well explained.
The inner ear is composed of a bony labyrinth that houses the membranous labyrinth. The membranous labyrinth contains the cochlea, three semicircular canals, and two otolith organs (the utricle and saccule). The semicircular canals contain cristae that detect rotational head movements while the utricle and saccule contain maculae that detect linear accelerations and gravity. Endolymph fills the membranous labyrinth and perilymph fills the space between the bony and membranous labyrinths. The vestibular portion detects head movements and maintains balance.
The ear is divided into the external, middle, and inner ear. The external ear collects sound waves and directs them through the external auditory canal to the tympanic membrane. The middle ear contains the ossicles that amplify vibrations before passing them to the inner ear. The inner ear contains the cochlea for hearing and vestibular system for balance. Within these structures are specialized hair cells that detect mechanical stimuli and transduce them into electrical signals via stereocilia on their surfaces.
The inner ear begins developing between 3-16 weeks of gestation, forming otic discs, pits, and cysts from ectoderm thickening over the hindbrain. Each otocyst divides into ventral and dorsal parts, forming the saccule, cochlear duct, utricle, semicircular canals, and endolymphatic duct. The cochlear duct coils from base to apex, reaching 2.5 coils by 25 weeks. Sensory cells in the maculae, cristae, and organ of Corti develop between 11-16 weeks.
Vestibular sensation & maintenance of equilibriumDr Sara Sadiq
The vestibular apparatus in the inner ear detects sensations of equilibrium and balance. It consists of semicircular canals and otolith organs. The semicircular canals detect rotational movement and contain cristae that bend hair cells when the head rotates. The otolith organs, the utricle and saccule, contain maculae that sense linear acceleration like gravity. Hair cells in both organs release neurotransmitters at different rates depending on the direction and amount of bending, enabling detection of movement and position. Together with other sensory inputs, the vestibular apparatus helps maintain equilibrium and anticipates falls.
Physiology Special senses vestibular system.pptxSanaSoomro7
The vestibular system contains five sensory organs in the inner ear that detect motion and orientation - the utricle, saccule, and three semicircular canals. Hair cells in these organs bend in response to linear or rotational acceleration, stimulating nerve fibers that project to the vestibular nuclei. This information is used to coordinate two reflexes - the vestibulo-ocular reflex stabilizes gaze during head movement, while the vestibulo-spinal reflex activates muscles to maintain posture and balance. Together these reflexes help integrate vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive input to keep the eyes and body oriented during motion.
The document summarizes the anatomy and development of the inner ear. It discusses the embryological development from otic placodes to the formation of the membranous labyrinth. The inner ear anatomy includes the bony labyrinth containing the vestibule, semicircular canals and cochlea, as well as the membranous labyrinth containing the cochlear duct, utricle, saccule and endolymphatic structures. The organ of Corti is described as the sensory receptor organ of the cochlea containing inner and outer hair cells. The mechanism of hearing is also briefly outlined involving mechanical conduction of sound and the traveling wave theory of sound transmission in the cochle
The organ of Corti is located in the cochlea between the scala tympani and scala media. It is the sensory organ for hearing and contains hair cells that transduce sound vibrations into nerve impulses. The organ of Corti sits on the basilar membrane and contains three key cell types - inner and outer hair cells that detect sound, and supporting cells that provide structure. Inner hair cells transmit signals to the brain while outer hair cells modulate their function. Together, movement of the basilar membrane causes the hair cells to bend, opening ion channels and generating nerve impulses that are transmitted to the brain for interpretation as sound. The unique ion composition within the cochlea, maintained by
The document provides information about the spinal cord, spinal nerves, and somatic reflexes. It discusses the structure and functions of the spinal cord, including that it acts as an information highway between the brain and body. It describes the ascending and descending tracts that carry sensory and motor signals up and down the spinal cord. Key points covered include the gross and microscopic anatomy of the spinal cord, the 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and examples of somatic reflexes like withdrawing from a hot stimulus.
The internal ear, also called the labyrinth, has a bony and membranous portion. The bony labyrinth contains the semicircular canals for balance and the cochlea for hearing. The membranous labyrinth sits inside the bony labyrinth and contains the vestibule, semicircular ducts, and cochlear duct. The cochlea is coiled like a snail shell and contains the organ of Corti with hair cells that detect sound vibrations.
Similaire à Presentation of ent vestibular anatomy and physiology (20)
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
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2. VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
• Consist of 3 semicircular canals and 2 otolith organs
The 3 semicircular canals are arranged perpendicular to each other
They are superior, posterior, lateral which are mainly responsible for Angular
acceleration
The 2 otolith organs are Utricle and Saccule, mainly responsible for Linear
acceleration
3.
4. PERIPHERAL RECEPTORS
• There are two peripheral receptors Cristae and Maculae
CRISTAE
DEFINITION : Structure located in Ampullated end of three semicircular canals.
FUNCTION : Responsible for Angular acceleration i.e rotation of head
MACULAE
DEFINITION : The sensory organs of Utricle and Saccule.
FUNCTION : Responsible for Linear acceleration
5.
6. There are two types of Hair cells
Type 1 Hair cells
• They are flask shaped hair cells with
single cup like nerve termial surrounding
the base
Type II Hair cells
• They are cylindrical shaped with
multiple nerve terminal at base
From the upper surface of each cell rises
Stereocilia (transduction process) and thick
single Kinociliium (linkage conveying
mechanical displacement).
WELCOME5