Septic shock: it occurs due to sepsis...
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Septic shock occurs due to widespread infection in the bloodstream (bacteremia) caused by gram positive or gram negative bacteria. This leads to substances released by macrophages, neutrophils and other immune cells that cause a major decrease in tissue perfusion. Septic shock is characterized by a hyperdynamic circulation in its early warm phase with high cardiac output and decreased systemic vascular resistance. It progresses to a late cold phase with severe hypotension, hypothermia and impaired organ function. Treatment involves giving broad-spectrum antibiotics, intravenous fluids, vasopressors and inotropic drugs to maintain perfusion while identifying and treating the infection.
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FN, sepsis and shock
Neutropenia is defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) below specific thresholds, with severe neutropenia being an ANC below 500/microL. The risks of infection are related to the duration and degree of neutropenia as well as other factors that compromise immunity. Febrile neutropenia is diagnosed based on temperature thresholds and requires prompt evaluation and treatment with broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics to cover common bacterial and fungal pathogens. Fluid resuscitation is the initial treatment for shock in febrile neutropenic patients, while vasopressors may be needed if the patient does not respond to fluids alone.
Oncological emergencies
This document discusses tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), a metabolic oncologic emergency caused by the breakdown of malignant cells following chemotherapy or radiation therapy. TLS results in the release of potassium, phosphorus, uric acid and other intracellular components into the bloodstream, potentially causing hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia and other electrolyte imbalances. The document outlines risk factors for TLS, signs and symptoms of specific electrolyte abnormalities, treatment approaches, and importance of monitoring patients at risk.
Dengue fever
Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. It has four distinct serotypes. The virus replicates in the mosquito and humans, who serve as the primary reservoir of infection. Symptoms range from a mild fever to the potentially lethal dengue hemorrhagic fever. There is no vaccine, so prevention depends on controlling the mosquito population and avoiding bites.
Dengue fever
Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. It has four distinct serotypes. The virus replicates in the mosquito and humans, who serve as the primary reservoir of infection. Symptoms range from a mild fever to the potentially lethal dengue hemorrhagic fever. There is no vaccine, so prevention depends on controlling the mosquito population and avoiding bites.
15 ie
The document discusses infective endocarditis, including:
1. Vegetations form on heart valves from bacterial deposition, usually due to a susceptible cardiovascular substrate and source of bacteremia. Common causes are streptococcus, staphylococcus, and enterococcus.
2. Predisposing factors include age, pre-existing heart conditions, dental procedures, injection drug use, and medical implants.
3. Treatment involves antibiotics to eradicate the infection and sometimes surgery for complications. Outcomes depend on the causative organism and severity of cardiac involvement.
Sepsis
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues. Globally, sepsis kills about 8 million people annually. Early recognition and treatment are key to improving outcomes. The first hours after diagnosis are especially critical, as mortality increases by about 8% every hour that antibiotics are delayed. Prompt administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics and fluid resuscitation can significantly reduce mortality from sepsis.
Vasculitis
This document discusses vasculitis, which is an inflammatory destruction of blood vessels. It can affect all ages but some types are restricted to certain groups. It has both genetic and environmental components. Symptoms vary depending on the size of vessels involved and can include fatigue, rashes, nerve problems, and organ damage. Diagnosis involves clinical features, lab tests, and sometimes biopsies. Treatment is usually with steroids and other immunosuppressants to induce and maintain remission. Complications can be serious if not treated properly.
Dengue fever
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral illness characterized by fever, rash, and joint pains. It is caused by any of four dengue virus serotypes. The disease ranges from a mild febrile illness to severe dengue, which can be fatal. It is increasingly prevalent worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. Early recognition and fluid therapy are important to prevent complications and reduce mortality. While there is no vaccine, prevention focuses on controlling the Aedes mosquito population and eliminating breeding sites.
Recommandé
FN, sepsis and shock
Neutropenia is defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) below specific thresholds, with severe neutropenia being an ANC below 500/microL. The risks of infection are related to the duration and degree of neutropenia as well as other factors that compromise immunity. Febrile neutropenia is diagnosed based on temperature thresholds and requires prompt evaluation and treatment with broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics to cover common bacterial and fungal pathogens. Fluid resuscitation is the initial treatment for shock in febrile neutropenic patients, while vasopressors may be needed if the patient does not respond to fluids alone.
Oncological emergencies
This document discusses tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), a metabolic oncologic emergency caused by the breakdown of malignant cells following chemotherapy or radiation therapy. TLS results in the release of potassium, phosphorus, uric acid and other intracellular components into the bloodstream, potentially causing hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia and other electrolyte imbalances. The document outlines risk factors for TLS, signs and symptoms of specific electrolyte abnormalities, treatment approaches, and importance of monitoring patients at risk.
Dengue fever
Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. It has four distinct serotypes. The virus replicates in the mosquito and humans, who serve as the primary reservoir of infection. Symptoms range from a mild fever to the potentially lethal dengue hemorrhagic fever. There is no vaccine, so prevention depends on controlling the mosquito population and avoiding bites.
Dengue fever
Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. It has four distinct serotypes. The virus replicates in the mosquito and humans, who serve as the primary reservoir of infection. Symptoms range from a mild fever to the potentially lethal dengue hemorrhagic fever. There is no vaccine, so prevention depends on controlling the mosquito population and avoiding bites.
15 ie
The document discusses infective endocarditis, including:
1. Vegetations form on heart valves from bacterial deposition, usually due to a susceptible cardiovascular substrate and source of bacteremia. Common causes are streptococcus, staphylococcus, and enterococcus.
2. Predisposing factors include age, pre-existing heart conditions, dental procedures, injection drug use, and medical implants.
3. Treatment involves antibiotics to eradicate the infection and sometimes surgery for complications. Outcomes depend on the causative organism and severity of cardiac involvement.
Sepsis
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues. Globally, sepsis kills about 8 million people annually. Early recognition and treatment are key to improving outcomes. The first hours after diagnosis are especially critical, as mortality increases by about 8% every hour that antibiotics are delayed. Prompt administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics and fluid resuscitation can significantly reduce mortality from sepsis.
Vasculitis
This document discusses vasculitis, which is an inflammatory destruction of blood vessels. It can affect all ages but some types are restricted to certain groups. It has both genetic and environmental components. Symptoms vary depending on the size of vessels involved and can include fatigue, rashes, nerve problems, and organ damage. Diagnosis involves clinical features, lab tests, and sometimes biopsies. Treatment is usually with steroids and other immunosuppressants to induce and maintain remission. Complications can be serious if not treated properly.
Dengue fever
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral illness characterized by fever, rash, and joint pains. It is caused by any of four dengue virus serotypes. The disease ranges from a mild febrile illness to severe dengue, which can be fatal. It is increasingly prevalent worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. Early recognition and fluid therapy are important to prevent complications and reduce mortality. While there is no vaccine, prevention focuses on controlling the Aedes mosquito population and eliminating breeding sites.
SEPSIS AND SEPTIC SHOCK.pptx
This document provides an overview of sepsis and septic shock, including definitions, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigation, treatment, complications, and prognosis. It defines sepsis as infection plus SIRS, and septic shock as sepsis that is not responsive to fluid resuscitation and requires vasopressors. The pathogenesis involves an initial inflammatory response to infection that can become dysregulated and lead to organ dysfunction. Treatment involves prompt resuscitation, antibiotics, source control, and organ support. Outcomes depend on factors like age, immune status, pathogen, and need for prolonged vasopressor support.
Sepsis
1. The document discusses sepsis, including definitions, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment goals and guidelines. It provides an example case of a patient presenting with sepsis from an infected wound.
2. Key treatment guidelines include administering IV fluids and antibiotics within 1 hour, maintaining a MAP of 65 mmHg with vasopressors if needed, identifying and treating the infection source, and supporting failing organs like the lungs and kidneys.
3. Sepsis results from the body's immune response to infection causing organ dysfunction. Timely treatment of the infection and its symptoms is important for recovery.
Infective endocarditis 2020
This document discusses infective endocarditis (IE), a serious infection of the heart valves or inner lining of the heart. It provides details on the epidemiology, symptoms, physical exam findings, causative organisms, risk factors, diagnostic criteria (Modified Duke Criteria), investigations including echocardiography and blood cultures, and treatment approach for IE. Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause worldwide and viridans group streptococci are common causes after dental procedures. Diagnosis relies on modified Duke criteria incorporating positive blood cultures, echocardiogram findings, and clinical features.
sepsis lecture
1. Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated immune response to infection. It can progress to septic shock, which involves circulatory and metabolic abnormalities increasing the risk of death.
2. Initial management of sepsis involves screening, resuscitation, infection control, hemodynamic support, and empiric antibiotics within 1-3 hours while obtaining cultures. Ongoing care focuses on organ support, source control, and monitoring for complications.
3. Long term goals include preventing disability, addressing psychosocial needs, and smooth transition to post-acute care and follow up. Prompt recognition and treatment can reduce mortality from this medical emergency.
Bacterial endocardits and septicemia
1. Bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart that usually involves the heart valves. It is most common in people with underlying heart conditions.
2. Septicemia, or blood poisoning, occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body. Common bacteria that cause septicemia include E. coli, streptococcus pneumoniae, and salmonella.
3. Symptoms of bacterial endocarditis and septicemia include fever, chills, changes in mental status, and low blood pressure. Both conditions require hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics for treatment.
Sepsis
Sepsis is a serious medical condition caused by the body's response to an infection. It affects over 750,000 people in the US each year and is one of the top causes of death. Risk factors include intravenous lines, mechanical ventilation, recent surgery, and immunosuppression. The pathophysiology involves the systemic inflammatory response syndrome leading to organ damage and shock. Diagnosis is based on confirming an infection along with signs of altered organ function or tissue hypoperfusion. Treatment involves early antibiotic therapy and fluid resuscitation to treat shock and prevent further organ damage.
blood stream infections in microbiology CBME curriculum
This ppt is dealt with types of bacteremia and discuss with the fever of unknown origin ,how to draw blood for blood culture
Endocarditis april 2018
Infective endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart (endocardium) that involves the heart valves and adjacent structures. It is caused by bacteria or fungi entering the bloodstream and can lead to heart valve damage or death. Common symptoms include fever, fatigue, heart murmur. Diagnosis involves blood cultures, echocardiogram, and the modified Duke criteria. Treatment involves antibiotic therapy, which depends on the identified organism. Prevention focuses on proper dental hygiene and antibiotic prophylaxis for certain at-risk patients before invasive procedures.
Septic shock.pptx
This document discusses shock, specifically endotoxic shock. It begins with definitions of terms like shock, sepsis, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. It then classifies and describes the different types of shock: hypovolaemic, distributive, obstructive, and cardiogenic. The main focus is on the pathophysiology and management of septic shock. It discusses the circulatory dysfunction that occurs in sepsis and leads to shock. The clinical features, evaluation, and treatment principles including hemodynamic support, fluids, vasopressors, inotropes, antimicrobial therapy, and surgery are covered. Prevention and prognosis of septic shock are also mentioned.
Infective endocarditis
Infective Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart caused by bacteria or fungi. It involves the heart valves, mural endocardium, or intracardiac devices. It is classified as acute or subacute based on the virulence of the organism and progression of symptoms. Predisposing factors include rheumatic heart disease and prosthetic valves. Diagnosis is based on modified Dukes criteria using blood cultures, echocardiography, and clinical signs. Treatment involves antibiotic therapy targeting the identified organism along with surgery in some cases. Endocarditis prophylaxis is recommended for high risk patients undergoing certain medical procedures.
SEPTICAEMIA IN CHILDREN.pptx
This document defines terms related to septicemia in children such as bacteremia, sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. It describes the risk factors, common pathogens, clinical manifestations, diagnostic workup, and management of sepsis in children. Sepsis is diagnosed clinically based on signs of infection meeting two or more SIRS criteria. The most common infections are pneumonia, bloodstream, skin, and urinary tract infections. Treatment involves ABCDE approach, managing shock, administering early antibiotics, and providing supportive care.
Nrsg 200 leukemia
This document provides an overview of cancers of the hematopoietic system, including leukemia and lymphoma. It discusses the etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic findings, treatment approaches, nursing considerations, and outcomes for various types of leukemia (acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and lymphomas (Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma). It also covers bone marrow transplantation as a treatment option.
The Science of Sepsis
This lecture details the science of sepsis care in 2015 with compliments to the multiple online sources used, some of which are other lectures on SlideShare.
Dengue, DENGUE FEVER, DHS
Dengue virus rarely causes death. However, the infection can progress into a more serious condition known as severe dengue or dengue hemorrhagic fever. Symptoms of dengue hemorrhagic fever include: bleeding under the skin. frequent vomiting.
Tuberculous meningitis
This document discusses tuberculous meningitis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infecting the meninges and brain. India has a high burden of tuberculosis cases, with around 10% of TB patients developing central nervous system involvement like tuberculous meningitis. Risk factors include delays in diagnosis and treatment as well as immunocompromised states. Clinically, patients initially experience headaches, vomiting and fever, progressing to altered mental status. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture showing lymphocytic predominant meningitis as well as imaging and culture of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment involves a combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs administered for 9-12 months.
SEPSIS MANGEMENT IN THE EMERGENCIES.pptx
The document provides information on sepsis epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, management and prognosis. Some key points:
- Sepsis cases and deaths are increasing worldwide, with the highest incidence among Black males, older adults, and in winter months. Regional disparities exist with most cases in low-income countries.
- Common infectious organisms include gram-positive bacteria and opportunistic fungi/viruses in immunocompromised patients. Culture-negative sepsis occurs in around half of cases.
- Sepsis diagnosis is based on life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by infection, as indicated by a SOFA score ≥2. Septic shock requires vasopressors to maintain blood pressure.
- Management
onco emergencies.pptx adult health nursing II, semester B.SC Nursing batch
The document discusses various oncological emergencies including metabolic emergencies like tumor lysis syndrome, sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hypercalcemia, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. It also discusses structural emergencies such as spinal cord compression, superior vena cava syndrome, and cardiac tamponade. It provides details on the causes, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of these various oncological emergencies.
Infective endocarditis
Infective Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart caused by bacteria or fungi. It usually involves the heart valves. It is classified as either acute or subacute based on the virulence of the infecting organism and clinical course. Common predisposing factors are rheumatic heart disease and prosthetic heart valves. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause. Diagnosis is based on modified Dukes criteria using positive blood cultures, echocardiographic findings, and clinical features. Treatment involves long-term intravenous antibiotics and may require surgery for complications or poorly responsive infections. Endocarditis prophylaxis is recommended for certain high risk groups before invasive procedures.
Hiv aids
This document provides information on HIV/AIDS, including its history, epidemiology, definition, characteristics, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations by system, opportunistic infections, diagnosis, and treatment. Some key points are:
- HIV was first identified in the 1980s and has since infected over 38 million people worldwide. India has the third largest epidemic with over 2 million cases.
- Advanced HIV is defined as CD4 count <350 or WHO stage 3/4 disease. AIDS is defined as CD4 <200 or WHO stage 4 disease.
- HIV is transmitted sexually, through blood/blood products, or mother-to-child. It primarily targets CD4 cells and causes immunosuppression.
- Clinical
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
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SEPSIS AND SEPTIC SHOCK.pptx
This document provides an overview of sepsis and septic shock, including definitions, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigation, treatment, complications, and prognosis. It defines sepsis as infection plus SIRS, and septic shock as sepsis that is not responsive to fluid resuscitation and requires vasopressors. The pathogenesis involves an initial inflammatory response to infection that can become dysregulated and lead to organ dysfunction. Treatment involves prompt resuscitation, antibiotics, source control, and organ support. Outcomes depend on factors like age, immune status, pathogen, and need for prolonged vasopressor support.
Sepsis
1. The document discusses sepsis, including definitions, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment goals and guidelines. It provides an example case of a patient presenting with sepsis from an infected wound.
2. Key treatment guidelines include administering IV fluids and antibiotics within 1 hour, maintaining a MAP of 65 mmHg with vasopressors if needed, identifying and treating the infection source, and supporting failing organs like the lungs and kidneys.
3. Sepsis results from the body's immune response to infection causing organ dysfunction. Timely treatment of the infection and its symptoms is important for recovery.
Infective endocarditis 2020
This document discusses infective endocarditis (IE), a serious infection of the heart valves or inner lining of the heart. It provides details on the epidemiology, symptoms, physical exam findings, causative organisms, risk factors, diagnostic criteria (Modified Duke Criteria), investigations including echocardiography and blood cultures, and treatment approach for IE. Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause worldwide and viridans group streptococci are common causes after dental procedures. Diagnosis relies on modified Duke criteria incorporating positive blood cultures, echocardiogram findings, and clinical features.
sepsis lecture
1. Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated immune response to infection. It can progress to septic shock, which involves circulatory and metabolic abnormalities increasing the risk of death.
2. Initial management of sepsis involves screening, resuscitation, infection control, hemodynamic support, and empiric antibiotics within 1-3 hours while obtaining cultures. Ongoing care focuses on organ support, source control, and monitoring for complications.
3. Long term goals include preventing disability, addressing psychosocial needs, and smooth transition to post-acute care and follow up. Prompt recognition and treatment can reduce mortality from this medical emergency.
Bacterial endocardits and septicemia
1. Bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart that usually involves the heart valves. It is most common in people with underlying heart conditions.
2. Septicemia, or blood poisoning, occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body. Common bacteria that cause septicemia include E. coli, streptococcus pneumoniae, and salmonella.
3. Symptoms of bacterial endocarditis and septicemia include fever, chills, changes in mental status, and low blood pressure. Both conditions require hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics for treatment.
Sepsis
Sepsis is a serious medical condition caused by the body's response to an infection. It affects over 750,000 people in the US each year and is one of the top causes of death. Risk factors include intravenous lines, mechanical ventilation, recent surgery, and immunosuppression. The pathophysiology involves the systemic inflammatory response syndrome leading to organ damage and shock. Diagnosis is based on confirming an infection along with signs of altered organ function or tissue hypoperfusion. Treatment involves early antibiotic therapy and fluid resuscitation to treat shock and prevent further organ damage.
blood stream infections in microbiology CBME curriculum
This ppt is dealt with types of bacteremia and discuss with the fever of unknown origin ,how to draw blood for blood culture
Endocarditis april 2018
Infective endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart (endocardium) that involves the heart valves and adjacent structures. It is caused by bacteria or fungi entering the bloodstream and can lead to heart valve damage or death. Common symptoms include fever, fatigue, heart murmur. Diagnosis involves blood cultures, echocardiogram, and the modified Duke criteria. Treatment involves antibiotic therapy, which depends on the identified organism. Prevention focuses on proper dental hygiene and antibiotic prophylaxis for certain at-risk patients before invasive procedures.
Septic shock.pptx
This document discusses shock, specifically endotoxic shock. It begins with definitions of terms like shock, sepsis, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. It then classifies and describes the different types of shock: hypovolaemic, distributive, obstructive, and cardiogenic. The main focus is on the pathophysiology and management of septic shock. It discusses the circulatory dysfunction that occurs in sepsis and leads to shock. The clinical features, evaluation, and treatment principles including hemodynamic support, fluids, vasopressors, inotropes, antimicrobial therapy, and surgery are covered. Prevention and prognosis of septic shock are also mentioned.
Infective endocarditis
Infective Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart caused by bacteria or fungi. It involves the heart valves, mural endocardium, or intracardiac devices. It is classified as acute or subacute based on the virulence of the organism and progression of symptoms. Predisposing factors include rheumatic heart disease and prosthetic valves. Diagnosis is based on modified Dukes criteria using blood cultures, echocardiography, and clinical signs. Treatment involves antibiotic therapy targeting the identified organism along with surgery in some cases. Endocarditis prophylaxis is recommended for high risk patients undergoing certain medical procedures.
SEPTICAEMIA IN CHILDREN.pptx
This document defines terms related to septicemia in children such as bacteremia, sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. It describes the risk factors, common pathogens, clinical manifestations, diagnostic workup, and management of sepsis in children. Sepsis is diagnosed clinically based on signs of infection meeting two or more SIRS criteria. The most common infections are pneumonia, bloodstream, skin, and urinary tract infections. Treatment involves ABCDE approach, managing shock, administering early antibiotics, and providing supportive care.
Nrsg 200 leukemia
This document provides an overview of cancers of the hematopoietic system, including leukemia and lymphoma. It discusses the etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic findings, treatment approaches, nursing considerations, and outcomes for various types of leukemia (acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and lymphomas (Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma). It also covers bone marrow transplantation as a treatment option.
The Science of Sepsis
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Dengue, DENGUE FEVER, DHS
Dengue virus rarely causes death. However, the infection can progress into a more serious condition known as severe dengue or dengue hemorrhagic fever. Symptoms of dengue hemorrhagic fever include: bleeding under the skin. frequent vomiting.
Tuberculous meningitis
This document discusses tuberculous meningitis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infecting the meninges and brain. India has a high burden of tuberculosis cases, with around 10% of TB patients developing central nervous system involvement like tuberculous meningitis. Risk factors include delays in diagnosis and treatment as well as immunocompromised states. Clinically, patients initially experience headaches, vomiting and fever, progressing to altered mental status. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture showing lymphocytic predominant meningitis as well as imaging and culture of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment involves a combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs administered for 9-12 months.
SEPSIS MANGEMENT IN THE EMERGENCIES.pptx
The document provides information on sepsis epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, management and prognosis. Some key points:
- Sepsis cases and deaths are increasing worldwide, with the highest incidence among Black males, older adults, and in winter months. Regional disparities exist with most cases in low-income countries.
- Common infectious organisms include gram-positive bacteria and opportunistic fungi/viruses in immunocompromised patients. Culture-negative sepsis occurs in around half of cases.
- Sepsis diagnosis is based on life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by infection, as indicated by a SOFA score ≥2. Septic shock requires vasopressors to maintain blood pressure.
- Management
onco emergencies.pptx adult health nursing II, semester B.SC Nursing batch
The document discusses various oncological emergencies including metabolic emergencies like tumor lysis syndrome, sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hypercalcemia, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. It also discusses structural emergencies such as spinal cord compression, superior vena cava syndrome, and cardiac tamponade. It provides details on the causes, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of these various oncological emergencies.
Infective endocarditis
Infective Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart caused by bacteria or fungi. It usually involves the heart valves. It is classified as either acute or subacute based on the virulence of the infecting organism and clinical course. Common predisposing factors are rheumatic heart disease and prosthetic heart valves. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause. Diagnosis is based on modified Dukes criteria using positive blood cultures, echocardiographic findings, and clinical features. Treatment involves long-term intravenous antibiotics and may require surgery for complications or poorly responsive infections. Endocarditis prophylaxis is recommended for certain high risk groups before invasive procedures.
Hiv aids
This document provides information on HIV/AIDS, including its history, epidemiology, definition, characteristics, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations by system, opportunistic infections, diagnosis, and treatment. Some key points are:
- HIV was first identified in the 1980s and has since infected over 38 million people worldwide. India has the third largest epidemic with over 2 million cases.
- Advanced HIV is defined as CD4 count <350 or WHO stage 3/4 disease. AIDS is defined as CD4 <200 or WHO stage 4 disease.
- HIV is transmitted sexually, through blood/blood products, or mother-to-child. It primarily targets CD4 cells and causes immunosuppression.
- Clinical
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Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
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Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
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ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
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8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Septic shock: it occurs due to sepsis...
- 2. It occurs due to sepsis and leads to a major decrease in tissue perfusion to organs and tissues.
- 3. is a continuum widespread infection in bloodstream (Bacteremia) Gram positive or gram negative bacteria
- 4. Serum Lactate > 2 mmol/L Need vasopressors to maintain perfusion Persistent hypotension < 90 SBP 1 3 2
- 5. PATHOGENESIS OF SEPTIC SHOCK Microorganism triggered by gram positive or gram negative bacilli Substances from these microorganisms Macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, endothelial Septi c shoc k Orga n Death
- 6. A. Clients with immune weakened system • HIV/AIDS • Malnutrition • Pregnant woman • Infants • Elderly • Treatments (immunosuppressive therapy, chemotherapy)
- 7. B. Indwelling medical devices C. Chronic diseases • Diabetes mellitus, kidney/liver disease • Urinary catheter • Central line
- 8. E. Surgical procedures (anything invasive) D. Prolonged hospitalization
- 9. • Warm, flushed skin • Decreased blood pressure • Hyperthemia Early stage “Warm phase”
- 10. • High cardiac output • Decreased systemic vascular Heart rate Respi rate • Tachycardia • Tachypnea
- 11. • Skin pale, cold, clammy skin Late stage “Cold phase” • Severe hypotension
- 12. • Hypothermia • Depressed heart function • Oliguria • Coma < 30 ml
- 13. • Renal failure • Respiratory failure • Cardiac failure • Metabolic acidosis • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
- 14. • Blood culture • Complete blood count: Anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
- 15. • BUN elevated and creatinine decreased • Arterial Blood Gases • Invasive hemodynamic monitoring
- 16. • Impaired Gas Exchange related to interference with oxygen delivery •Risk for shock related to infection • Risk for decreased cardiac output related to decreased preload • Risk for deficient fluid volume related to massive vasodilation
- 17. • Start antibiotics: Broad- spectrum antibiotics are given until organism is identified • Enteral nutrition and may need prophylactic drugs like Famotidine as well
- 18. • Protein Activated C: “Drotrecogin Alpha” • Titrate vasopressors (Norepinephrine 1st choice) used when fluid replacement is unsuccessful • Inotropics (Dobutamine)
- 19. Normal (0.9%) Saline Ringer’s Lactate Solution (Hartmann’s Solution) 5% Dextrose • Crystalloids Fluids • Colloids Fluids Human Albumin Gelatin Solution Dextran Used as first initial treatment
- 20. • Corticosteroids • Hemodynamic monitoring • Oxygenate • Check lactate levels • Foley insertion