SOLAR ENERGY - THERMAL Conversion Technologies

1. Five Elements of Nature
with out this life cannot exist on earth
Water
Land
Air
Fire
Sky
What is the Sixth Element ?
Energy

2. Electricity : High-tech Energy
Can be converted easily to any other form of energy.
How much is the demand for electrical energy in our country ?
Domestic Electricity Consumption is increasing faster than the rate of population
growth in our Country
YEAR POPULATION ENERGY CONSUMED
1991 846 million 31.9 billion KWh
2001 1027 million 105.6 billion KWh
INCREASE 21% 232%
Indian Average Electricity consumption: 386 units/person/year.
Global Average Electricity consumption: 1000 units/person/year.

3. Methods of Generating Electrical Energy - how long?
CONVENTIONAL METHOD (Polluting)
Fossil Fuels are fast depleting
Coal consumption in power production (in Million Tonnes)
1980-81 = 34.5 1990-91 = 118.6 2000-01 =
222.6
Hydro Thermal Projects
Total contribution of 23,800 MW -depends on natural
resources which is diminishing
Oil sources and also likely to be empty
Crude oil import in increasing year after year
1990-91 = 20.7 million ton 2000-01 = 57.1 million ton
Nuclear Power Plants
2.5% of generation capacity.
Not considered due to Safety factor

4. Solar energy - Thermal & Electrical energy
Wind Energy – Fastest growing sector, Wind Source not
always nearer to the utility and not avail;
Bio gas plants - Converts Waste to Energy utilizing Municipal
Solid Waste, Cow dung, Night soil, etc – Coming up -
Biomass Gasification -New Interesting Area Coming up
Geothermal - Currently not viable in India
Tidal, Ocean Thermal Energy - Technology developing.
Renewable Methods of
Energy Production

5. Solar Energy
Systems
 Domestic Solar Water Heater
 Industrial Solar Water Heating System
 Solar Drying System
 Solar Space Heater
 Solar Effluent Evaporation System
 Solar Swimming Pool Heater
 Solar Water Purifier
 Solar Domestic Cookers
 Solar Community Cookers
 Solar desalination
 Solar incinerators
 Solar air-conditioning (cooling)
Solar Thermal Systems Solar Photovoltaic Systems
• Solar Lamp (cascade sunlite)
• Home Lighting System
• Garden Lighting System
• Street/Yard/Forest Lighting
• Solar Signaling (Rail / Roadways)
• Remote Village Electrification
• Solar Pumps
• Solar Mini Refrigerator

6. Advantages of Solar Energy
 Absolutely free
 Absolutely clean (pollution free)
 Inexhaustible
 Abundantly available on your roof

7. Climatic Changes and its effects
Rainfall Delayed
Tree plantations dried-up
Farmers starving
Drinking water scarcity in Cities
Rise in Mean Sea Level
 Inundation of coastal areas
High Temperatures
Health hazards, Sun strokes
Air Pollution
Respiratory diseases kills many

8. Solar Box Cooker

10. Seifert Parabolic Domestic Solar Cooker (SK 14)

12. Parabolic solar cooker,
not only for cooking …
… but also for
baking, frying,
conserving, and
much more …

13. Principle of working of Scheffler Community Solar Cooker

14. Scheffler Community Solar Cooker : Seven sq m Primary Reflector
concentrating the sun’s rays onto a Secondary Reflector

16. Two Scheffler Concentrators reflecting sun’s rays into kitchen

17. Scheffler Community Kitchen :
Sun’s rays concentrated and deflected onto cooking vessel

18. Scheffler Community Solar Kitchen : Cooking in comforts of shade

19. Scheffler Community Solar Cooker : Deep Frying is possible !!!
Frying Purees / Indian Bread

23. Cooking at night with stored solar energy

24. 2 reflector focus on 1 receiver
receiver
header pipe

26. Tracking system

28. Pot for steam cooking

29. Solar Steam Cooking System for
15’000 people (worlds largest)
Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD)
Andhra Pradesh, India

31. System design- Team effort
Wolfgang Scheffler and team of Solar-Bruecke
of Germany
Team of Gadhia Solar Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd.
Team of Brahma Kumari’s, Mt Abu and Taleti
HTT GmbH of Germany
Financing
 Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams: Rs 63.25 Lacs
 Ministry of Non-Conventional
Energy Sources (MNES) : Rs 47.75 Lacs
 Pack back of investments for TTD : 3-4 years

32. Water boiling facility

34. Ladakh Installation on 12.04.05

36. Inauguration 14.04.05 Group photo with the Brigadier

37. Sangi Industies, Hyderabad for their industrial
canteen to cook for 500 workers.
Rishi Samskruti Vidya Kendra near Bangalroe to
cook for 500 students
Sri Saibaba Santhan Shirdi to cook for 3000
people per day
Tirumal Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD), Tirumala,
Tirupati to cook for 15,000 people

39. D. New Applications of Solar
Concentrators

40. Hybrid system- as hot water when
solar cookers not being used

41. Solar in food processing industry

43. Solar Bakery

44. Drinking water from Sea Water

46. Increasing rate of evaporation

47. Waste incineration

51. 50 m2 concentrator
Solar crematorium
Sugar Industry
Waste water treatment
(textile industry)

52. standing
dish
low lying
dish
solar
pyre box
Platform

55. 30 sqr mtr PV tracking

57. Training in Solar manufacturing
theory at LEDEG, Ladakh

58. Training in practical manufacturing in
solar system at Ledeg, Ladakh

59. Training in installation of solar

60. Army burns 500000 ltr diesel per winter for
space heating- solar can contribute not only
to save diesel and money but also its
ENVIRONMENT - so vital to Ladakh

61. New financing schemes ?
Kyoto Protocol: International instruments
for financing C02 reduction
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM):
Countries with reduction obligations invest
in projects in developing countries and get
carbon credits in return

62. Sale of Carbon Credits under CDM
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Diesel
(litres)
and
CO2
(kg)
30.03.99 31.03.99 01.04.99
Date
Diesel
CO2

64. Sale of Carbon Credits under CDM
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Diesel
(litres)
and
CO2
(kg)
30.03.99 31.03.99 01.04.99
Date
Diesel
CO2

65. THE HINDU PAPER CLIPING

66. DATA OF
SMOKE FREE VILLAGE.
No of families : 36
Total population : 232
No of cattle : 182
No of Bio gas plants : 23
No of solar cookers : 26
No cookers wanted now : 3
No of Bio gas plants wanted now : 6
No Sericulture sheds available : 11
Production of silk per year : 17 Tons

67. SERIES OF K-14 SOLAR COOKERS IN
THE SMOKE FREE VILLAGE