Este documento apresenta um livro sobre redes sociais na internet. O livro discute os elementos das redes sociais, como atores e conexões, e analisa diferentes tipos de topologias de redes. Também examina dinâmicas como cooperação, competição e auto-organização em redes sociais online.
Este estudio analizó las prescripciones de medicamentos en 209 pacientes mayores de 65 años institucionalizados en dos centros geriátricos utilizando los criterios STOPP/START. Se detectaron 174 prescripciones potencialmente inapropiadas y 141 ausencias de prescripciones aconsejables. Los criterios STOPP más comunes fueron el uso de benzodiazepinas con riesgo de caídas, inhibidores de bomba de protones a dosis altas por más de 8 semanas y ácido acetil-salicílico a dosis mayores de
Lista de 20 alunos de cursos de pesca e aquicultura que irão participar do Congresso III AQUAPESCA Brasil em Salvador, BA, entre os dias 7 e 9 de novembro de 2012. Os alunos estão identificados por nome, matrícula, curso e semestre.
O documento descreve o processo de solicitação de apresentação de trabalhos em eventos. O processo envolve a solicitação do pesquisador, análise do departamento, coordenação de pesquisa e autorização final pela direção geral. Se autorizado, a coordenação de pesquisa analisa os recursos disponíveis e faz o cadastro ou solicita os recursos necessários.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
O documento resume um ranking das cidades brasileiras com mais de 300 mil habitantes em relação à qualidade dos serviços de saneamento. As principais conclusões são: (1) As 10 melhores e piores cidades estão no Sudeste, demonstrando que a qualidade não depende necessariamente da renda; (2) A mesma operadora pode ter desempenhos muito diferentes em cidades distintas; (3) A qualidade não está associada ao custo da tarifa. A qualidade depende fundamentalmente da gestão municipal, mesmo para operadoras estaduais ou privadas.
Renewable energy country attractiveness indicesProjetoBr
The document provides an overview of the May 2009 issue of the Ernst & Young Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Indices. It summarizes the key findings and changes in the indices. The US remains the top country in the All Renewables index, while European nations saw rises due to economic recovery plans. India announced a new renewable energy target and tariff increases. The UK budget boosted offshore wind projects. Following stimulus packages, the renewables sector faces challenges managing through the recession including tighter credit and reduced growth.
Este documento apresenta um livro sobre redes sociais na internet. O livro discute os elementos das redes sociais, como atores e conexões, e analisa diferentes tipos de topologias de redes. Também examina dinâmicas como cooperação, competição e auto-organização em redes sociais online.
Este estudio analizó las prescripciones de medicamentos en 209 pacientes mayores de 65 años institucionalizados en dos centros geriátricos utilizando los criterios STOPP/START. Se detectaron 174 prescripciones potencialmente inapropiadas y 141 ausencias de prescripciones aconsejables. Los criterios STOPP más comunes fueron el uso de benzodiazepinas con riesgo de caídas, inhibidores de bomba de protones a dosis altas por más de 8 semanas y ácido acetil-salicílico a dosis mayores de
Lista de 20 alunos de cursos de pesca e aquicultura que irão participar do Congresso III AQUAPESCA Brasil em Salvador, BA, entre os dias 7 e 9 de novembro de 2012. Os alunos estão identificados por nome, matrícula, curso e semestre.
O documento descreve o processo de solicitação de apresentação de trabalhos em eventos. O processo envolve a solicitação do pesquisador, análise do departamento, coordenação de pesquisa e autorização final pela direção geral. Se autorizado, a coordenação de pesquisa analisa os recursos disponíveis e faz o cadastro ou solicita os recursos necessários.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
O documento resume um ranking das cidades brasileiras com mais de 300 mil habitantes em relação à qualidade dos serviços de saneamento. As principais conclusões são: (1) As 10 melhores e piores cidades estão no Sudeste, demonstrando que a qualidade não depende necessariamente da renda; (2) A mesma operadora pode ter desempenhos muito diferentes em cidades distintas; (3) A qualidade não está associada ao custo da tarifa. A qualidade depende fundamentalmente da gestão municipal, mesmo para operadoras estaduais ou privadas.
Renewable energy country attractiveness indicesProjetoBr
The document provides an overview of the May 2009 issue of the Ernst & Young Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Indices. It summarizes the key findings and changes in the indices. The US remains the top country in the All Renewables index, while European nations saw rises due to economic recovery plans. India announced a new renewable energy target and tariff increases. The UK budget boosted offshore wind projects. Following stimulus packages, the renewables sector faces challenges managing through the recession including tighter credit and reduced growth.
Kidney infection or pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney that can be acute or chronic. Acute pyelonephritis causes symptoms like fever, flank pain, nausea, and painful urination. It is usually treated with antibiotics to control the bacterial infection. Chronic pyelonephritis can cause permanent kidney damage if not properly treated. Prompt treatment and prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections can help reduce the risk of chronic pyelonephritis.
The document discusses urinary tract problems including kidney and bladder diseases. It outlines various urinary symptoms and disorders such as oliguria, polyuria, nocturia, dysuria, enuresis, urinary incontinence, hematuria, and kidney stones. Diagnosis involves physical examination, urine analysis, imaging tests like ultrasound, IVU, CT, and 24-hour urine collection. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include pain medication, increased fluid intake, and surgical removal of stones or tumors.
The immune system protects the body from foreign invaders. It has two types of immunity: innate immunity which is present at birth, and adaptive immunity which develops after birth upon exposure to antigens. The immune system uses physical barriers, chemical barriers, white blood cells, and inflammation to fight pathogens. It has three lines of defense - phagocytic response, humoral response involving antibodies, and cellular response using T cells. The immune response involves recognition of antigens, proliferation of lymphocytes, production of antibodies or T cells, and these effectors destroying the pathogen.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks its own tissues. It most commonly affects women aged 15-40. The exact causes are unknown but genetics, viruses, sunlight, and some drugs may play a role. Symptoms vary but can include rashes, joint pain, fatigue, and organ inflammation. Diagnosis involves blood tests and potentially biopsies. Treatment focuses on rest, sun protection, medications like NSAIDs, antimalarials, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants to control disease activity and prevent organ damage. Nursing care aims to manage symptoms, prevent infections, and educate patients.
The document discusses the mechanics and physiology of respiration. It occurs at a rate of about 16 cycles per minute and consists of inspiration, expiration, and an expiratory pause. During inspiration, the thoracic cavity increases in size vertically by diaphragm contraction, transversely by rib elevation from external intercostal muscle contraction, and anteroposteriorly by further rib elevation. This causes a drop in intrapleural pressure and influx of 500cc of air into the lungs. Expiration is usually passive through relaxation of inspiratory muscles, thoracic cage drop by weight, and lung elastic recoil pushing out 500cc of air. Intrapleural pressure is always negative and aids respiration, venous return, lymph flow
Place the diaphragm of the stethoscope on the
back and listen for breath sounds during inspiration and
expiration. Move systematically down the back, listening
in the same areas on both sides.
• Breath sounds should be equal, clear, and
vesicular (like a light breeze) on both sides
- Note any adventitious sounds such as wheezes, crackles,
decreased breath sounds
- Compare findings to normal breath sounds
- Note any areas of diminished or absent breath sounds
- Ask patient to cough - note transmission of voice sounds
- Auscultate anterior chest in a similar manner
- Note any abnormalities in breath sounds or adventitious
sounds
The document discusses pneumonia, including its definition, classification, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, prevention, nursing assessments, diagnoses, goals, interventions and expected outcomes. Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the lung that is usually caused by bacteria or viruses and can range from mild to life-threatening depending on the individual and any underlying health conditions. Nursing care focuses on improving symptoms, maintaining fluid and nutrition, educating patients, and monitoring for complications.
Pulmonary hypertension is a condition defined by abnormally high blood pressure in the lungs. It occurs when pressure in the pulmonary arteries is greater than normal. The document discusses the causes of pulmonary hypertension, including primary pulmonary hypertension which has no identifiable cause as well as secondary causes like lung diseases. Common signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, dizziness, and swelling in the legs. The condition is diagnosed through tests like chest X-rays, echocardiograms, and pulmonary function tests. Treatment focuses on reducing fluid retention, improving heart function, and vasodilation through medications. In severe cases, lung or heart-lung transplants may be required.
1) The document reviews the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system and describes methods for assessing cardiovascular status including health history, physical exam techniques like inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation, and diagnostic tests.
2) The physical exam involves assessing things like vital signs, jugular vein pulsations, heart sounds and murmurs auscultated over the precordium.
3) Diagnostic tests discussed include electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, stress tests and cardiac catheterization.
This document discusses factors that impact mobility and appropriate nursing interventions. It identifies factors like immobility, circulatory and respiratory issues, pain, and neurological impairments that can decrease mobility. Nursing interventions to improve mobility include positioning, range of motion exercises, ambulation, and assistive devices. The goal is to prevent complications and promote optimal functioning.
This document describes the anatomy and physiology of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. It discusses the structures and functions of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs and associated muscles. It explains the processes of ventilation, gas exchange, oxygen transport and the role of pressure gradients in breathing. It covers clinical assessments of respiratory symptoms like dyspnea, cough and abnormal breath sounds. It also outlines diagnostic tests and treatments for upper respiratory infections.
This document discusses pulmonary embolism (PE), which refers to obstruction of the pulmonary artery or its branches by a thrombus (blood clot). PE can be caused by factors that increase clotting like surgery, trauma, or heart failure. When a thrombus blocks a pulmonary vessel, it impairs gas exchange and increases pulmonary vascular resistance, raising pressure in the pulmonary artery and overworking the right ventricle. Diagnosis involves tests like ventilation-perfusion scans and treatment focuses on anticoagulation, thrombolytic drugs, or occasionally surgery to remove clots. Nursing care aims to prevent clots, monitor for complications, manage pain and oxygen therapy.
The document discusses chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including its definition as a progressive lung disease characterized by limited airflow; causes such as smoking, air pollution, and genetic factors; symptoms like breathlessness, cough, and sputum production; diagnostic tests and medical management including bronchodilators, antibiotics, and oxygen therapy; preventive measures like smoking cessation and flu vaccines; and nursing interventions focused on assessment, education, and managing complications. COPD encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema and is a serious lung condition caused primarily by smoking.
The document discusses coronary artery disease and angina pectoris, outlining their causes as atherosclerosis and insufficient blood flow to the heart, risk factors, diagnostic tests including ECG and angiography, treatments such as lifestyle changes, medications, stenting, angioplasty and bypass surgery, and nursing care including rest, nitroglycerin administration, and patient education.
This document discusses the management of patients with neurologic dysfunction and altered levels of consciousness. It defines altered LOC as being less responsive to the environment. Causes can be structural, metabolic, or due to trauma, vascular disease, infection, tumors, metabolic derangements, hypoxia, or toxicity. Clinical manifestations range from subtle changes to coma. Nursing assessments include responsiveness, orientation, motor function and respiratory status. Interventions focus on airway protection, injury prevention, meeting fluid and nutrition needs, and skin and sensory integrity.
The document discusses various medical conditions related to veins and circulation including thrombosis, stenosis, congestion, infarction, hemorrhage, and rupture that can affect areas like the femoral vein, cavernous sinus, mesenteric vein, and aneurysmal sac. Vegetation, fibrin, pallor, hemiplegia, pooling, and petechial hemorrhaging are also mentioned in connection with various circulatory issues.
The document discusses various pathological processes including proliferation, fibrosis, scarring, and healing. It mentions several cell and tissue types that can be involved like epithelium, fibroblasts, and macrophages. Various features are also listed like edema, hemorrhage, contracture, and obstruction.
1. The document discusses different types of shock including hypovolaemic, cardiogenic, neurogenic, anaphylactic shock.
2. Hypovolaemic shock is due to diminished blood volume from blood or fluid loss. Cardiogenic shock is caused by inefficient myocardial function. Neurogenic shock is caused by loss of sympathetic tone leading to vasodilation.
3. Anaphylactic shock occurs due to an allergic reaction causing histamine release and widespread vasodilation.
Obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 kg/m^2 or greater. It is influenced by genetics, environmental factors like increased calorie intake and decreased physical activity, culture, and fetal nutrition. Obesity leads to health issues like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea, cerebrovascular disease, gastrointestinal reflux, hepatobiliary disease, osteoarthritis, cancer, and psychosocial complications. Management includes dieting, exercise, weight loss programs, medication, and surgery.
Kidney infection or pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney that can be acute or chronic. Acute pyelonephritis causes symptoms like fever, flank pain, nausea, and painful urination. It is usually treated with antibiotics to control the bacterial infection. Chronic pyelonephritis can cause permanent kidney damage if not properly treated. Prompt treatment and prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections can help reduce the risk of chronic pyelonephritis.
The document discusses urinary tract problems including kidney and bladder diseases. It outlines various urinary symptoms and disorders such as oliguria, polyuria, nocturia, dysuria, enuresis, urinary incontinence, hematuria, and kidney stones. Diagnosis involves physical examination, urine analysis, imaging tests like ultrasound, IVU, CT, and 24-hour urine collection. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include pain medication, increased fluid intake, and surgical removal of stones or tumors.
The immune system protects the body from foreign invaders. It has two types of immunity: innate immunity which is present at birth, and adaptive immunity which develops after birth upon exposure to antigens. The immune system uses physical barriers, chemical barriers, white blood cells, and inflammation to fight pathogens. It has three lines of defense - phagocytic response, humoral response involving antibodies, and cellular response using T cells. The immune response involves recognition of antigens, proliferation of lymphocytes, production of antibodies or T cells, and these effectors destroying the pathogen.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks its own tissues. It most commonly affects women aged 15-40. The exact causes are unknown but genetics, viruses, sunlight, and some drugs may play a role. Symptoms vary but can include rashes, joint pain, fatigue, and organ inflammation. Diagnosis involves blood tests and potentially biopsies. Treatment focuses on rest, sun protection, medications like NSAIDs, antimalarials, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants to control disease activity and prevent organ damage. Nursing care aims to manage symptoms, prevent infections, and educate patients.
The document discusses the mechanics and physiology of respiration. It occurs at a rate of about 16 cycles per minute and consists of inspiration, expiration, and an expiratory pause. During inspiration, the thoracic cavity increases in size vertically by diaphragm contraction, transversely by rib elevation from external intercostal muscle contraction, and anteroposteriorly by further rib elevation. This causes a drop in intrapleural pressure and influx of 500cc of air into the lungs. Expiration is usually passive through relaxation of inspiratory muscles, thoracic cage drop by weight, and lung elastic recoil pushing out 500cc of air. Intrapleural pressure is always negative and aids respiration, venous return, lymph flow
Place the diaphragm of the stethoscope on the
back and listen for breath sounds during inspiration and
expiration. Move systematically down the back, listening
in the same areas on both sides.
• Breath sounds should be equal, clear, and
vesicular (like a light breeze) on both sides
- Note any adventitious sounds such as wheezes, crackles,
decreased breath sounds
- Compare findings to normal breath sounds
- Note any areas of diminished or absent breath sounds
- Ask patient to cough - note transmission of voice sounds
- Auscultate anterior chest in a similar manner
- Note any abnormalities in breath sounds or adventitious
sounds
The document discusses pneumonia, including its definition, classification, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, prevention, nursing assessments, diagnoses, goals, interventions and expected outcomes. Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the lung that is usually caused by bacteria or viruses and can range from mild to life-threatening depending on the individual and any underlying health conditions. Nursing care focuses on improving symptoms, maintaining fluid and nutrition, educating patients, and monitoring for complications.
Pulmonary hypertension is a condition defined by abnormally high blood pressure in the lungs. It occurs when pressure in the pulmonary arteries is greater than normal. The document discusses the causes of pulmonary hypertension, including primary pulmonary hypertension which has no identifiable cause as well as secondary causes like lung diseases. Common signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, dizziness, and swelling in the legs. The condition is diagnosed through tests like chest X-rays, echocardiograms, and pulmonary function tests. Treatment focuses on reducing fluid retention, improving heart function, and vasodilation through medications. In severe cases, lung or heart-lung transplants may be required.
1) The document reviews the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system and describes methods for assessing cardiovascular status including health history, physical exam techniques like inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation, and diagnostic tests.
2) The physical exam involves assessing things like vital signs, jugular vein pulsations, heart sounds and murmurs auscultated over the precordium.
3) Diagnostic tests discussed include electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, stress tests and cardiac catheterization.
This document discusses factors that impact mobility and appropriate nursing interventions. It identifies factors like immobility, circulatory and respiratory issues, pain, and neurological impairments that can decrease mobility. Nursing interventions to improve mobility include positioning, range of motion exercises, ambulation, and assistive devices. The goal is to prevent complications and promote optimal functioning.
This document describes the anatomy and physiology of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. It discusses the structures and functions of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs and associated muscles. It explains the processes of ventilation, gas exchange, oxygen transport and the role of pressure gradients in breathing. It covers clinical assessments of respiratory symptoms like dyspnea, cough and abnormal breath sounds. It also outlines diagnostic tests and treatments for upper respiratory infections.
This document discusses pulmonary embolism (PE), which refers to obstruction of the pulmonary artery or its branches by a thrombus (blood clot). PE can be caused by factors that increase clotting like surgery, trauma, or heart failure. When a thrombus blocks a pulmonary vessel, it impairs gas exchange and increases pulmonary vascular resistance, raising pressure in the pulmonary artery and overworking the right ventricle. Diagnosis involves tests like ventilation-perfusion scans and treatment focuses on anticoagulation, thrombolytic drugs, or occasionally surgery to remove clots. Nursing care aims to prevent clots, monitor for complications, manage pain and oxygen therapy.
The document discusses chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including its definition as a progressive lung disease characterized by limited airflow; causes such as smoking, air pollution, and genetic factors; symptoms like breathlessness, cough, and sputum production; diagnostic tests and medical management including bronchodilators, antibiotics, and oxygen therapy; preventive measures like smoking cessation and flu vaccines; and nursing interventions focused on assessment, education, and managing complications. COPD encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema and is a serious lung condition caused primarily by smoking.
The document discusses coronary artery disease and angina pectoris, outlining their causes as atherosclerosis and insufficient blood flow to the heart, risk factors, diagnostic tests including ECG and angiography, treatments such as lifestyle changes, medications, stenting, angioplasty and bypass surgery, and nursing care including rest, nitroglycerin administration, and patient education.
This document discusses the management of patients with neurologic dysfunction and altered levels of consciousness. It defines altered LOC as being less responsive to the environment. Causes can be structural, metabolic, or due to trauma, vascular disease, infection, tumors, metabolic derangements, hypoxia, or toxicity. Clinical manifestations range from subtle changes to coma. Nursing assessments include responsiveness, orientation, motor function and respiratory status. Interventions focus on airway protection, injury prevention, meeting fluid and nutrition needs, and skin and sensory integrity.
The document discusses various medical conditions related to veins and circulation including thrombosis, stenosis, congestion, infarction, hemorrhage, and rupture that can affect areas like the femoral vein, cavernous sinus, mesenteric vein, and aneurysmal sac. Vegetation, fibrin, pallor, hemiplegia, pooling, and petechial hemorrhaging are also mentioned in connection with various circulatory issues.
The document discusses various pathological processes including proliferation, fibrosis, scarring, and healing. It mentions several cell and tissue types that can be involved like epithelium, fibroblasts, and macrophages. Various features are also listed like edema, hemorrhage, contracture, and obstruction.
1. The document discusses different types of shock including hypovolaemic, cardiogenic, neurogenic, anaphylactic shock.
2. Hypovolaemic shock is due to diminished blood volume from blood or fluid loss. Cardiogenic shock is caused by inefficient myocardial function. Neurogenic shock is caused by loss of sympathetic tone leading to vasodilation.
3. Anaphylactic shock occurs due to an allergic reaction causing histamine release and widespread vasodilation.
Obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 kg/m^2 or greater. It is influenced by genetics, environmental factors like increased calorie intake and decreased physical activity, culture, and fetal nutrition. Obesity leads to health issues like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea, cerebrovascular disease, gastrointestinal reflux, hepatobiliary disease, osteoarthritis, cancer, and psychosocial complications. Management includes dieting, exercise, weight loss programs, medication, and surgery.