Supercomputers play an important role in the field of computational science, and are used for a wide range of computationally intensive tasks in various fields, including quantum mechanics, weather forecasting, climate research, oil and gas exploration, molecular modeling (computing the structures and properties of chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, polymers, and crystals), and physical simulations (such as simulations of the early moments of the universe, airplane and spacecraft aerodynamics, the detonation of nuclear weapons, and nuclear fusion). They have been essential in the field of cryptanalysis.[8] Supercomputers were introduced in the 1960s, and for several decades the fastest was made by Seymour Cray at Control Data Corporation (CDC), Cray Research and subsequent companies bearing his name or monogram. The first such machines were highly tuned conventional designs that ran more quickly than their more general-purpose contemporaries. Through the decade, increasing amounts of parallelism were added, with one to four processors being typical. In the 1970s, vector processors operating on large arrays of data came to dominate. A notable example is the highly successful Cray-1 of 1976. Vector computers remained the dominant design into the 1990s. From then until today, massively parallel supercomputers with tens of thousands of off-the-shelf processors became the norm.[9

17.  Pamphlets are visual media, which are
considered as mass media of health education.
 A pamphlet gives short description of different
aspects of a specific topic.
 The message can also be written in the form
of poem or song.

18.  Some pamphlets may also include relevant
pictures to illustrate the points of teaching.
 The pamphlet should be as brief as possible. It
should not exceed more than four pages.

19.  Since pamphlets are distributed widely for
mass education they should be produced in
largescale.
 Pamphlet should also be pre-tested before
producing them for public use.

20. Pamphlet
 Pamphlet is a paper that can be folded into
two or three or five and the matter can be
printed either on a single or on both sides.
 In other words, a pamphlet is an unbound
booklet without a hard cover or binding.

21. PURPOSE OF PAMPHLETS
 To mobilize people to support a cause
 To advertise a specific events
 To popularize a slogan or a message
 To explain an issue to the community
 To inform people of their health rights
 To make a support for a campaign

24. “A written or printed communication directed to
a person or organization.”

26. Focus and Specificity
 Be Focused.
 Write concise and purposeful
letter
 Do not write confused, overlong
letter.
 Do not be rude.
 Do not try to impress with your
writing.
i.e. Please, very very very
thank you

27. These are the letters which keep us in
touch with family and friends.
These are usually chatty and informal.
 When we need to communicate a lot
of information.
 When we want to communicate
something that is difficult to say Face
to face.
 To mark some special occasion.

28. Formal letters are letters to people
whom we don't know on personal level.
 To find out information
 To apply for a job
 To make a complain

29. We write semi-formal letters to people
that we do not know very well. Compare
some expressions of informal and semi-
formal letters:
 Informal: I'm sorry, but I can't come
on Friday night.
 Semi-formal: I'm afraid I won't be
able to come on Friday in the
evening.
 Informal: I didn't like the food.
 Semi-formal: I was dissatisfied with
the food.

31. Brochures, pamphlets, and letters are
all types of printed materials that are
used for different purposes. Here are
some differences between them:

32.  Brochures are usually used to
advertise a company’s products or
services.
 They are often printed on high-quality
paper and contain eye-catching
images accompanied by compelling
supporting text.
 They can come in different shapes
and sizes and range in form from a
bound multi-page booklet to a single
page that has been folded to create
sections, as in bi-fold or tri-folded

33.  Pamphlets are smaller and cheaper
to produce than brochures.
 They are usually used to provide
information on a specific topic, such
as a health issue or a political
campaign.
 They are often printed on low-quality
paper and contain less text and
fewer images than brochures.

34.  Letters are usually used for
communication between individuals
or organizations.
 They are often printed on plain paper
and contain text only.
 They can be used for various
purposes, such as to convey
information, make requests, or
express opinions.