Structure and Written Expressions Nouns and Article

1. Structure & Written
Expression
Meeting 2

2. PARTS OF
SPEECH:
NOUNS
●NOUNS: Kata benda, ie a person, place, thing, or idea.
●Strategies for Problems with Nouns :
● Use the correct Singular or Plural Noun
● Distinguish Countable and Uncountable Nouns
● Recognize Irregular Plurals of Nouns
● Distinguish the Person from the Thing

3. PROBLEMS
WITH
NOUNS
●Use the correct Singular or Plural Noun
Common problem in TOEFL test -> a singular noun used where
a plural noun is needed , vice versa
On the table there were many dish.
The lab assistant finished every tests.
Many banyak, indicates plural many dishes √
Every setiap, indicates singular every test √

4. PRACTICE _____ The automotive shop stocked many part of the various types of
Hondas.
I
_____ Every receipt must be removed from the cashier’s drawer and tallied.
C

5. PROBLEMS
WITH
NOUNS
●Distinguish Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Countable nouns : can be counted the noun book
Uncountable nouns : cannot be counted as they come in
indeterminate quantities or mass
He has see much foreign films.
He didn’t have many fun at the movies.
Much banyak, indicates uncountable, but films countable
many films √
Many banyak, indicates countable, but fun uncountable
Much fun √

6. PRACTICE _____ He received little notice that the bill would have to be paid in full.
C
_____ The police had few opportunities to catch the thief who had committed
a large amount of crimes.
I

7. PROBLEMS
WITH
NOUNS
●Recognize Irregular Plurals of Nouns

8. PRACTICE
_____ Parentheses is needed around that expression.
I
_____ He wants to go on a fishing trip because he heard that the fish are
running.
C

9. PROBLEMS
WITH
NOUNS
●Distinguish the Person from the Thing
Common test questions: the person is used instead of the thing,
and vice versa
Ralph Nader is an authorization in the field of consumer affairs.
There are many job opportunities in accountant.
Authority √
Accounting √

10. PRACTICE _____ In the evening he relaxes in front of the fire and write long poets.
I
_____ Service in the restaurant was slow because one cook was called in
sick.
C

11. PARTS OF
SPEECH:
ARTICLES
●ARTICLES: words that define a noun as specific or
unspecific -> a, an, the
●Strategies for Problems with Articles :
● Use Articles with Singular Nouns
● Distinguish A and AN
● Make Articles Agree with Nouns
● Distinguish Specific and General Ideas

12. PROBLEMS
WITH
ARTICLES
●Use Articles with Singular Nouns
With all countable singular nouns, it must have an article
I have money (uncountable, no article needed)
I have books (countable plural, no article needed)
I have a book (countable singular, article needed)

13. PRACTICE _____ She is taking trip with friends.
I
_____ In my yard, there are flowers, trees, and grass.
C

14. PROBLEMS
WITH
ARTICLES
●Distinguish A and AN
A is used in front of consonants (huruf konsonan)
An is used in front of vowels (a,i,u,e,o) huruf vokal
a book an orange
a man an illness
a page an automobile
exceptions: u (when pronounced y) and h (when it’s not
pronounced)
a university an honor

15. PRACTICE
_____ The dishwasher quit his job because he was making only four dollars a
hour.
I
_____ It was an unexpected disappointment to receive a rejection letter from
the university.
C

16. PROBLEMS
WITH
ARTICLES
●Make Articles Agree with Nouns
DO NOT use the singular indefinite article (a or an) with plural
nouns
He saw a new movies. X He saw a new movie. √ (singular)
He saw new movies. √ (plural)

17. PRACTICE
_____ She went to school in a local community.
C
_____ The doctor used an other pills.
I

18. PROBLEMS
WITH
ARTICLES
●Distinguish Specific and General Ideas
The definite article to refer to specific nouns
Tom will bring the book tomorrow.
(Tom will bring a specific book tomorrow)
The indefinite article used when the noun could be one of
several different nouns
Tom will bring a book tomorrow.
(Tom will bring any one book)

19. PRACTICE
_____ He took a trip on a Snake River.
I
_____ I’ll meet you at the library later.
C