Trotter's Triad
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Trotter's triad is a set of three symptoms seen in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: middle ear effusion, palatal asymmetry, and a nasopharyngeal tumor. An example case showed a patient with left-sided middle ear effusion, palatal asymmetry, and a nasopharyngeal tumor that had extended intracranially through the foramen ovale and invaded the pterygoid muscles.
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Ranula
Mucoceles are benign cysts caused by mucus extravasation or retention from minor salivary glands. When located in the floor of the mouth, they are called ranulas. Ranulas present as smooth, blue, dome-shaped swellings that can enlarge and elevate the tongue. Treatment involves complete surgical excision of the cyst wall and sublingual gland to prevent recurrence, while preserving nearby nerves like the lingual nerve. Plunging ranulas extend behind the mylohyoid muscle into the neck.
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery
The document discusses Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS). FESS is a minimally invasive procedure that uses an endoscope to access and treat the paranasal sinuses. It aims to restore sinus function by re-establishing ventilation and mucociliary clearance. Key steps in FESS include uncinectomy to remove the uncinate process, maxillary antrostomy to access the maxillary sinus, and ethmoidectomy to access the ethmoid sinuses. Proper identification of anatomical landmarks like the middle turbinate, uncinate process, and bulla ethmoidalis is important for successful FESS.
Ludwig's angina
Ludwig's angina is an acute, potentially life-threatening infection of the submandibular space that causes severe swelling and difficulty opening the mouth or swallowing. It usually stems from dental infections. Clinical features include bilateral swelling of the submandibular region, elevated tongue, and difficulty speaking or swallowing. Management involves securing the airway through tracheostomy or intubation, administering IV antibiotics, and incising and draining any abscesses through bilateral submandibular and submental incisions. Early diagnosis, antibiotic treatment, and surgical drainage are crucial for successful treatment.
Csf rhinorrhea ppt
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This document provides information on various instruments used in otolaryngology (ENT). It describes the Bulls Eye Lamp, Higginson Syringe, rigid endoscopes, Barany noise box, aural speculums, bone anchored hearing aids, Goodie T tubes, Montgomery safe-t tubes, microdebriders, Radenoid blades, silver bullets, Stammberger mushroom punches, Nettleship and Bowman punctal dilators, Merocel, microlaryngeal sets, rhinoplasty calipers, Yorke hemostatic tonsillar clamps, Yankauer nasopharyngoscope, Heister mouth gags, jet ventilation, gum elastic b
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A thyroglossal duct cyst is a neck mass that develops from leftover tissue from when the thyroid gland forms during embryonic development. It is most common in preschool-aged children and adolescents. Diagnostic tests include physical examination, ultrasound, and fine needle aspiration to evaluate the mass and rule out thyroid abnormalities. Treatment involves antibiotics if infected or surgical removal (Sistrunk procedure) of the entire cyst and tract to prevent recurrence, which is performed under general anesthesia as an outpatient procedure. Complications can include infection or rare chance of malignancy.
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Ranula
Mucoceles are benign cysts caused by mucus extravasation or retention from minor salivary glands. When located in the floor of the mouth, they are called ranulas. Ranulas present as smooth, blue, dome-shaped swellings that can enlarge and elevate the tongue. Treatment involves complete surgical excision of the cyst wall and sublingual gland to prevent recurrence, while preserving nearby nerves like the lingual nerve. Plunging ranulas extend behind the mylohyoid muscle into the neck.
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery
The document discusses Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS). FESS is a minimally invasive procedure that uses an endoscope to access and treat the paranasal sinuses. It aims to restore sinus function by re-establishing ventilation and mucociliary clearance. Key steps in FESS include uncinectomy to remove the uncinate process, maxillary antrostomy to access the maxillary sinus, and ethmoidectomy to access the ethmoid sinuses. Proper identification of anatomical landmarks like the middle turbinate, uncinate process, and bulla ethmoidalis is important for successful FESS.
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Ludwig's angina is an acute, potentially life-threatening infection of the submandibular space that causes severe swelling and difficulty opening the mouth or swallowing. It usually stems from dental infections. Clinical features include bilateral swelling of the submandibular region, elevated tongue, and difficulty speaking or swallowing. Management involves securing the airway through tracheostomy or intubation, administering IV antibiotics, and incising and draining any abscesses through bilateral submandibular and submental incisions. Early diagnosis, antibiotic treatment, and surgical drainage are crucial for successful treatment.
Csf rhinorrhea ppt
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This document provides information on various instruments used in otolaryngology (ENT). It describes the Bulls Eye Lamp, Higginson Syringe, rigid endoscopes, Barany noise box, aural speculums, bone anchored hearing aids, Goodie T tubes, Montgomery safe-t tubes, microdebriders, Radenoid blades, silver bullets, Stammberger mushroom punches, Nettleship and Bowman punctal dilators, Merocel, microlaryngeal sets, rhinoplasty calipers, Yorke hemostatic tonsillar clamps, Yankauer nasopharyngoscope, Heister mouth gags, jet ventilation, gum elastic b
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This document discusses the anatomy, etiology, clinical presentation, staging, and treatment options for carcinoma of the tongue. It notes that carcinoma of the tongue most commonly presents as a non-healing ulcer and can cause symptoms like otalgia, odynophagia, and bleeding. Treatment depends on staging and may involve surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination. Prognosis decreases with more advanced stage at diagnosis.
Thyroglossal duct cyst
A thyroglossal duct cyst is a neck mass that develops from leftover tissue from when the thyroid gland forms during embryonic development. It is most common in preschool-aged children and adolescents. Diagnostic tests include physical examination, ultrasound, and fine needle aspiration to evaluate the mass and rule out thyroid abnormalities. Treatment involves antibiotics if infected or surgical removal (Sistrunk procedure) of the entire cyst and tract to prevent recurrence, which is performed under general anesthesia as an outpatient procedure. Complications can include infection or rare chance of malignancy.
Thyroglossal duct cysts
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Ludwig's angina is a serious neck infection that can compromise the airway. It involves the sublingual and submandibular spaces and spreads through connective tissue planes. The infection is usually polymicrobial, involving bacteria like Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. It commonly originates from an odontogenic infection. Symptoms include neck swelling, difficulty swallowing and breathing. Immediate priorities in treatment are airway protection through intubation or tracheostomy and IV antibiotics.
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this presentation was done in the ENT course 2011-2012.
i hope you will get an interesting time with this presentation.
Keratosis obturans
Keratosis obturans is a condition characterized by an accumulation of desquamated keratin in the external auditory meatus. It occurs when the normal migration of epithelium from the tympanic membrane to the posterior meatal wall is obstructed by wax or a foreign body, causing an abnormal separation of keratin. There are two main types - a silent type caused by this abnormal keratin separation, and an inflammatory type caused by acute ear canal inflammation. Clinically, it presents as a white keratin plug occluding the ear canal, sometimes with accompanying granulations or canal widening. Treatment involves removing the cause if present, using keratolytic agents, and potentially surgical removal under general anesthesia for recurrent cases
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This document provides information on nasal fractures, including:
- Nasal fractures are the most common facial fracture, caused by physical assaults, falls, motor vehicle accidents, or contact sports.
- Left untreated, nasal fractures can lead to long-term deformities, obstruction, and other complications. Proper evaluation and management can reduce these risks.
- Evaluation involves history, examination of external and internal nasal structures, and sometimes imaging like x-rays or CT scans.
- Initial treatment focuses on controlling bleeding and drainage. Closed reduction is preferred but open reduction may be needed for severe fractures.
- Proper timing of reduction is important to realign fragments before fibrous tissue forms. Anest
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This document discusses various branchial remnants and their characteristics. It describes:
- First branchial cleft cysts which can be parallel to the external auditory canal or connect to the malleus or incus.
- Second branchial cleft cysts, the most common type, which present as painless neck masses behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
- Preauricular pits and sinuses which can lead to interconnected cysts in front of the tragus.
- Skin tags which are usually benign but may be associated with other conditions.
- Branchial fistulas which have openings in the tonsillar fossa.
- Surgical excision is usually required to treat infected or
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Myringoplasty is a procedure to repair a perforated eardrum using a graft without examining the middle ear. It aims to replace the missing fibrous layer and allow regeneration of skin and mucosa over the graft. The document discusses the indications, contraindications, surgical approaches, techniques, post-op care, complications and advantages/disadvantages of the underlay and overlay techniques. The key steps of underlay involve freshening the perforation edges, elevating the tympanomeatal flap, placing the graft under the flap and reposing the flap. Overlay places the graft over the remaining eardrum and covers it with the elevated skin.
Branchial cyst and thyroglossal cyst
This document discusses second branchial cleft anomalies, which present as a sinus, cyst, or fistula in the neck anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Symptoms include a skin pit or palpable cord that can express milky discharge. Treatment involves complete surgical excision to avoid infection. Remnants of the thyroglossal duct are also discussed, presenting as midline neck swellings that move with swallowing and can become infected. Ultrasound and nuclear scans help differentiate these from other neck masses. Surgical excision is treatment.
Late pregnancy bleeding Ver2
Late pregnancy bleeding can occur after 20 weeks of gestation and has several potential causes. Placental abruption occurs when the placenta separates from the uterine wall before delivery, presenting with abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and contractions. Uterine rupture is a complete separation of the uterine wall that endangers the mother and fetus, often occurring in those with prior uterine surgery. Placenta previa is when the placenta implants in the lower uterine segment, presenting with painless vaginal bleeding. Vasa previa occurs when fetal vessels traverse the membranes over the cervical os, presenting with bleeding upon rupture of membranes or contractions and fetal bradycardia. Abnormal placenta attachment like accreta,
Late pregnancy bleeding
Definition of LPB
Abruptio placentae
Placenta previa
Vasa previa
Uterine Ruptuer
placenta accreta
Contenu connexe
Tendances
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Oral cancer is the fifth most common malignancy globally, with rates as high as 40% in Asia. The tongue is the second most common site of oral cancer after the lips. Tobacco use is implicated in 90% of tongue cancer cases, while alcohol consumption increases risk 6-fold. Premalignant conditions like leukoplakia and erythroplakia are associated with higher malignant transformation risks over time. Squamous cell carcinoma comprises 95% of tongue cancers, usually presenting as an ulcerative mass on the lateral border of the tongue in men around age 60. Early detection and cessation of tobacco and alcohol use can help prevent this potentially preventable disease.
Chronic suppurative otitis media attico-antral disease (CSOM AA)
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with attico-antral disease (CSOM-AAD), also known as COM-Squamous, is a chronic pyogenic ear infection lasting over 3 months with cholesteatoma and granulation tissue in the attic or posterosuperior quadrant of the ear drum. This causes higher risks of bone erosion and complications. Cholesteatoma is a sac lined with keratinizing squamous epithelium that grows by destroying surrounding bone. Surgical treatment via canal wall down procedures like attico-antrostomy or modified/radical mastoidectomy is the mainstay for managing CSOM-AAD and removing cholesteatoma,
Maxillary sinus carcinoma
The maxillary sinus is the largest and most commonly involved sinus in malignancies. Maxillary sinus carcinoma arises from the sinus lining and spreads locally through bone destruction and invasion of surrounding structures. Distant metastases occasionally occur in the lungs. Diagnosis involves radiography, CT scan, and biopsy. Treatment depends on tumor stage and may involve surgery, radiation therapy, or chemoradiation. Prognosis diminishes with increased stage, with a 5-year survival rate of 40-50% even with advances in multimodal therapy.
Mastoidectomy (by drdhiru456)
This document provides information about different types of mastoidectomy procedures. It begins with a brief history of mastoidectomy surgery dating back to 1873. It then discusses indications for various procedures like cortical mastoidectomy, canal wall up (CWU) mastoidectomy, modified radical mastoidectomy, and radical mastoidectomy. Key anatomical structures are defined. Surgical techniques for CWU mastoidectomy are outlined, including incision, periosteal elevation, and middle ear dissection steps. Contraindications and debates around CWU versus canal wall down approaches are also summarized.
Surgical anatomy of osteomeatal complex
The document discusses the surgical anatomy of the osteomeatal complex (OMC). It defines the OMC as the final common drainage pathway for the frontal, maxillary, and anterior ethmoid sinuses. The OMC has boundaries anteriorly, superiorly, posteriorly, and inferiorly. It is composed of the maxillary ostium, infundibulum, ethmoid bulla, uncinate process, and hiatus semilunaris. Common anatomical variations include concha bullosa, paradoxical middle turbinate, uncinate process hypertrophy, and pneumatization of other structures. Knowledge of the OMC anatomy and its variations is important for functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
Diseases of external ear
This document discusses diseases of the external ear. It begins by describing the anatomy of the external ear canal. It then categorizes conditions affecting the external ear into congenital, inflammatory, reactive, traumatic, and tumors. Under congenital conditions it discusses preauricular sinus, congenital ear swellings, fistulas and anomalies. It provides details on preauricular sinus including embryology, clinical features, management and associated syndromes. It also discusses other congenital conditions such as ear swellings, fistulas and atresia. The document further describes inflammatory conditions including erysipelas, perichondritis and malignant otitis externa. It also covers reactive, traumatic, and neoplastic conditions of the external
Ca maxilla
This document provides information about malignant tumours of the maxillary sinus, including epidemiology, etiology, classification, clinical presentation, spread, staging, and treatment. Some key points:
- Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are the most common types. Risk factors include occupational exposures like wood dust.
- Tumours often initially present with vague symptoms but can later invade adjacent structures. Spread is usually to lymph nodes, bones, brain, liver, or lungs.
- Staging uses the AJCC TNM system and evaluates tumour size, extension sites, lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis. Late-stage tumours have spread widely.
- Prognosis depends on stage,
Ludwigs angina
Ludwig's angina is a serious neck infection that can compromise the airway. It involves the sublingual and submandibular spaces and spreads through connective tissue planes. The infection is usually polymicrobial, involving bacteria like Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. It commonly originates from an odontogenic infection. Symptoms include neck swelling, difficulty swallowing and breathing. Immediate priorities in treatment are airway protection through intubation or tracheostomy and IV antibiotics.
Adenoids
Adenoids are masses of lymphatic tissue located in the nasopharynx that can become enlarged. Symptoms of enlarged adenoids include nasal obstruction, mouth breathing, and ear infections. Adenoidectomy is the surgical removal of the adenoids and indications include recurrent infections and airway obstruction. The procedure involves using curettes or microdebriders to gently remove the adenoids under anesthesia. Post-operative care focuses on pain management, antibiotics, and monitoring for potential complications like bleeding or injury.
Dermoid cyst
This document discusses dermoid cysts and abscesses. It defines a dermoid cyst as a cavity lined by epithelium that contains desquamated cells, sebum, and hair follicles, often forming along embryonic fusion lines. It describes various types of dermoid cysts including sequestration, tubular, implantation, and teratomatous. It then defines an abscess as a collection of pus and describes the main types as pyogenic, pyemic, metastatic, and cold abscesses. The document outlines pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, and management of dermoid cysts and abscesses.
Cholesteatoma
Cholesteatoma is defined as a cystic bag-like structure filled with desquamated squamous debris lying on a fibrous matrix, also known as "skin in the wrong place." It can be congenital or acquired. Acquired cholesteatomas are either primary, with unknown etiology, or secondary caused by acute necrotizing otitis media. Evaluation involves history, examination, audiometry and CT scan to determine extent. Surgical treatment aims to eradicate the cholesteatoma while preserving hearing, with options like canal wall up or down mastoidectomy depending on the case. Complications can include infection, bone destruction, hearing loss and facial nerve paralysis if
Glomus tumors
This document discusses glomus tumors, which are rare, hypervascular tumors that arise from glomus bodies. They most commonly occur in the middle ear, jugular foramen, or neck regions. Symptoms depend on location but may include hearing loss, tinnitus, and cranial nerve deficits. Diagnosis involves imaging like MRI and CT. Surgery is the primary treatment and approach depends on tumor size and involvement. Preoperative embolization can help reduce bleeding risk during removal of these vascular tumors.
Vocal nodules
this presentation was done in the ENT course 2011-2012.
i hope you will get an interesting time with this presentation.
Keratosis obturans
Keratosis obturans is a condition characterized by an accumulation of desquamated keratin in the external auditory meatus. It occurs when the normal migration of epithelium from the tympanic membrane to the posterior meatal wall is obstructed by wax or a foreign body, causing an abnormal separation of keratin. There are two main types - a silent type caused by this abnormal keratin separation, and an inflammatory type caused by acute ear canal inflammation. Clinically, it presents as a white keratin plug occluding the ear canal, sometimes with accompanying granulations or canal widening. Treatment involves removing the cause if present, using keratolytic agents, and potentially surgical removal under general anesthesia for recurrent cases
NASAL POLYPS
Nasal polyps are non-cancerous masses of swollen nasal or sinus mucosa. There are two main types: bilateral ethmoidal polyps and antrochoanal polyps. Bilateral ethmoidal polyps commonly arise from inflammatory conditions like rhinosinusitis or disorders of ciliary motility. Antrochoanal polyps originate from the maxillary sinus near its opening and grow into the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Symptoms include nasal obstruction, loss of smell, headache and discharge. Signs include pale grape-like masses seen on nasal examination. Treatment involves polypectomy or endoscopic sinus surgery. Recurrence is less common for antrochoanal polyps if completely removed from their
RIGID ESOPHAGOSPY
Esophagoscopy continues to be a reliable diagnostic and therapeutic tool with a wide variety of applications, including biopsy, dilatation of strictures, repair of Zenker's diverticulum, placement of stents, and retrieval of foreign bodies.
Nasal fracture ent ppt
This document provides information on nasal fractures, including:
- Nasal fractures are the most common facial fracture, caused by physical assaults, falls, motor vehicle accidents, or contact sports.
- Left untreated, nasal fractures can lead to long-term deformities, obstruction, and other complications. Proper evaluation and management can reduce these risks.
- Evaluation involves history, examination of external and internal nasal structures, and sometimes imaging like x-rays or CT scans.
- Initial treatment focuses on controlling bleeding and drainage. Closed reduction is preferred but open reduction may be needed for severe fractures.
- Proper timing of reduction is important to realign fragments before fibrous tissue forms. Anest
Branchial Remnants and Branchial Cyst
This document discusses various branchial remnants and their characteristics. It describes:
- First branchial cleft cysts which can be parallel to the external auditory canal or connect to the malleus or incus.
- Second branchial cleft cysts, the most common type, which present as painless neck masses behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
- Preauricular pits and sinuses which can lead to interconnected cysts in front of the tragus.
- Skin tags which are usually benign but may be associated with other conditions.
- Branchial fistulas which have openings in the tonsillar fossa.
- Surgical excision is usually required to treat infected or
Myringoplasty ppt
Myringoplasty is a procedure to repair a perforated eardrum using a graft without examining the middle ear. It aims to replace the missing fibrous layer and allow regeneration of skin and mucosa over the graft. The document discusses the indications, contraindications, surgical approaches, techniques, post-op care, complications and advantages/disadvantages of the underlay and overlay techniques. The key steps of underlay involve freshening the perforation edges, elevating the tympanomeatal flap, placing the graft under the flap and reposing the flap. Overlay places the graft over the remaining eardrum and covers it with the elevated skin.
Branchial cyst and thyroglossal cyst
This document discusses second branchial cleft anomalies, which present as a sinus, cyst, or fistula in the neck anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Symptoms include a skin pit or palpable cord that can express milky discharge. Treatment involves complete surgical excision to avoid infection. Remnants of the thyroglossal duct are also discussed, presenting as midline neck swellings that move with swallowing and can become infected. Ultrasound and nuclear scans help differentiate these from other neck masses. Surgical excision is treatment.
Tendances (20)
Chronic suppurative otitis media attico-antral disease (CSOM AA)
Chronic suppurative otitis media attico-antral disease (CSOM AA)
Plus de Musa Abusabha
Late pregnancy bleeding Ver2
Late pregnancy bleeding can occur after 20 weeks of gestation and has several potential causes. Placental abruption occurs when the placenta separates from the uterine wall before delivery, presenting with abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and contractions. Uterine rupture is a complete separation of the uterine wall that endangers the mother and fetus, often occurring in those with prior uterine surgery. Placenta previa is when the placenta implants in the lower uterine segment, presenting with painless vaginal bleeding. Vasa previa occurs when fetal vessels traverse the membranes over the cervical os, presenting with bleeding upon rupture of membranes or contractions and fetal bradycardia. Abnormal placenta attachment like accreta,
Late pregnancy bleeding
Definition of LPB
Abruptio placentae
Placenta previa
Vasa previa
Uterine Ruptuer
placenta accreta
Obstetric history & examination
To understand the principles of taking an obstetric history.
To understand the key components of an obstetric examination
The patient is normally a healthy woman undergoing a normal life event.
The type of questions asked during the history change with gestation, as does the purpose and nature of the examination.
The history will often cover physiology, pathology and psychology
Cervical neoplasia 2021
Globally, over 600,000 new cases and 300,000 deaths were estimated for cervical cancer in 2020 .
Third most common gynecological cancer in Palestine.
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A 5-year-old boy has moved from the 50th percentile for both weight and height to the 95th percentile for weight and 50th percentile for height, indicating he is now obese. When counseling the family, the doctor should discuss the health consequences of childhood obesity like increased risk of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and psychosocial issues. Obesity in children can lead to obesity in adults and is one of the most common chronic illnesses among adolescents.
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he term myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) describes a
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bacterial infection caused by Brucella , a Gram-Negative bacteria1
. Brucella melitensis
(transmitted from sheep and goats), B. abortus (transmitted from cattle and bovina), and B.
suis (transmitted to humans from pigs) are the most common species causing human
brucellosis
Gastroparesis high yield points
Gastroparesis is a syndrome of objectively delayed gastric emptying in the absence of a mechanical obstruction and cardinal symptoms of nausea, vomiting, early satiety, bloating, and/or upper abdominal pain
Nephrolithiasis - urinary stones
Common disorder with an annual incidence of 0.1% to 0.5%.
The peak age at onset is 20 to 30 years
Men > Women ( until 50s )
Wide geographic variations exist, due to differences in diet and water composition, as well as ambient and sunlight exposure. 5-9% in Europe 20% in Saudi Arabia
Otitis media ENT
It is an inflammation of the middle ear cleft (( not middle ear cavity)).
Account for almost 1/3 of the office visit to pediatricians
Peak incidence 6-24 month of life
More common in boys and in low socioeconomic persons
Incidence increased in children with: HIV , cleft palate, trisomy 21
Oral manf of systemic disease
Many systemic diseases are reflected in the oral mucosa, maxilla, and mandible.
Mucosal changes may include ulceration or mucosal bleeding.
Immunodeficiency can lead to opportunistic diseases such as infection and neoplasia.
Bone disease can affect the maxilla and mandible.
Systemic disease can cause dental and periodontal changes.
Drugs prescribed for a systemic disease can affect oral tissue.
Facial nerve and palsy
The facial nerve emerges from the brainstem and has both motor and sensory functions. It innervates the muscles of facial expression and provides parasympathetic innervation to glands. Facial paralysis can result from lesions to the facial nerve. Bell's palsy is the most common cause of unilateral facial paralysis and usually resolves over time with treatment like corticosteroids. Grading systems like the House-Brackmann scale are used to assess facial nerve function.
Disorders of Pancreas
this ppt presents pancreatitis and tumors of the pancreas
The fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and has a mean age of 55 at diagnosis.
I GET SMASHED
Phoniatrics musa
Phoniatrics is the branch of medicine concerned with communication disorders related to phonation, speech, and language. It deals with the science of voice production, speech articulation using the mouth, tongue, and lips, and the four modalities of human language: comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing. Communication disorders can involve defects in phonation (voice), resonance (in the pharynx, mouth, and nose), speech articulation, or language development and use. Phoniatrists work to diagnose and treat these disorders through medical treatment, surgery, voice therapy and other methods.
Acute brain
The document provides an overview of brain anatomy and various types of head injuries and brain hemorrhages that can be seen on CT imaging. It begins with a brief description of brain anatomy including skull bones, meninges, ventricles, and cortical structures. It then discusses different types of head trauma such as skull fractures, depressed fractures, and basilar fractures. Finally, it covers brain hemorrhages including extra-axial hemorrhages like epidural hematomas and subdural hematomas, as well as subarachnoid hemorrhage and intra-axial bleeding.
Septic arthritis
The document discusses septic arthritis, an inflammatory joint condition caused by bacterial infection. It notes that septic arthritis most commonly affects the knee, with Staphylococcus aureus now the most common pathogen in most patients. Risk factors include advanced age, medical conditions like diabetes, joint surgery, IV drug use, and recent bacteremia. Symptoms include joint pain, swelling, warmth, and fever. Diagnosis involves joint aspiration and fluid analysis, along with blood tests. Treatment requires antibiotics and sometimes surgical drainage, while complications can include permanent joint damage if not addressed promptly.
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The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
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Trotter's Triad
- 1. Trotter’s Triad Musa Abu Sabha
- 3. Trotter’s triad in nasopharyngeal carcinoma; otoscopic image of the left ear showing the effusion in the middle ear (A), clinical image depicting palatal asymmetry (B), endoscopic image of left-sided nasopharyngeal tumour (C), and extensions of tumour intracranially via foramen ovale (arrow) and invasion of pterygoid muscles on MRI scan (D). ©2020 by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
- 4. Definition:
- 5. Thank You
Notes de l'éditeur
- Trotter’s triad in nasopharyngeal carcinoma; otoscopic image of the left ear showing the effusion in the middle ear (A), clinical image depicting palatal asymmetry (B), endoscopic image of left-sided nasopharyngeal tumour (C), and extensions of tumour intracranially via foramen ovale (arrow) and invasion of pterygoid muscles on MRI scan (D).