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Visual Validation
The Missing Tip of the Automation Pyramid
@BagmarAnand
Anand Bagmar
Software Quality Evangelist
About Me
Anand Bagmar
EssenceOfTesting.com
@BagmarAnand
How do you test ….
@BagmarAnand
@BagmarAnand
• Pen writes properly
• Cap closes properly
• Looks as expected
• Can hold the pen properly
• …
• …
@BagmarAnand
Typical answers
http://littlecoffeefox.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/DSCN1738.jpg
@BagmarAnand
@BagmarAnand
@BagmarAnand
http://www.rfwireless-world.com/images/telecom-billing-system-architecture.jpg
What is missing here?
@BagmarAnand
How do you ensure what
was working before, is
working now as well!
@BagmarAnand
Typical testing approach
@BagmarAnand
Spot the difference!
@BagmarAnand
@BagmarAnand
@BagmarAnand
@BagmarAnand
@BagmarAnand
Test Automation
@BagmarAnand
Unit (xUnit / JavaScript)
Manual / Exploratory
Web Service
UI / e2e
Business-facing
Tests
Technology-facing
Tests
@BagmarAnand
Test Pyramid
Slow
More integration
Expensive
Fast
More isolation
Cheap
Unit (xUnit / JavaScript)
Manual / Exploratory
Web
Service
UI / e2e
Technology-facing
Tests
@BagmarAnand
Test Pyramid
Slow
More integration
Expensive
Fast
More isolation
Cheap
Workflow
API
Contract
Consumer
Provide
r
Business-facing
Tests
@BagmarAnand
Test Pyramid – Includes NFRs
Unit (xUnit / JavaScript)
Manual / Exploratory
Web Service
UI / e2e
Performance
Security
Accessibility
Analytics
Spot the difference!
@BagmarAnand
@BagmarAnand
@BagmarAnand
@BagmarAnand
@BagmarAnand
It happens in Software too!
@BagmarAnand
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/07/12/15/58/smiley-150663_1280.png
Surprise
It happens to Instagram
@BagmarAnand
It happens to Twitter
@BagmarAnand
It happens to UPS
@BagmarAnand
It happens to Financial Times
@BagmarAnand
It Happens to Amazon
@BagmarAnand
It happens to HDFC Bank
@BagmarAnand
It happens to Southwest Airlines
@BagmarAnand
It happens to Spicejet
@BagmarAnand
It happens to Spicejet
@BagmarAnand
Bugs escape because our
approach to testing is incorrect
@BagmarAnand
Game of Chance!
@BagmarAnand
https://blog.grosvenorcasinos.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Roulette1.jpg
UX / Visual Testing
The Missing Piece
@BagmarAnand
• Business / Revenue loss
• Brand / Credibility loss
• You loose your users!
@BagmarAnand
If Visual Testing is NOT done …..
@BagmarAnand
What is Visual Testing?
Visual Testing
@BagmarAnand
• Mostly done manually done
@BagmarAnand
Visual Testing
• Mostly done manually done
@BagmarAnand
Challenges of Visual Testing
• tedious
• very error prone
• impossible to scale and repeat
• blocker for CI-CD
• Mostly done manually done
• tedious
• very error prone
• impossible to scale and repeat – especially in days of CD!
• Functional Automation may help – a little
@BagmarAnand
Challenges of Visual Testing
Solution
Visual Test Automation
@BagmarAnand
• Create baselines by taking screenshots of expected UI
• Compare screenshots
• Whole page
• Snippets
• Update baselines as product evolves / changes
@BagmarAnand
How does it work?
Challenges of Automating
Visual Testing
@BagmarAnand
• False positives / negatives
• Baseline creation and maintenance
• Browsers
• Devices
• Resolutions / Viewports
• Result analysis & identifying next steps
@BagmarAnand
Challenges of Automated Visual Validation
@BagmarAnand
Challenges of Automated Visual Validation
https://www.europarc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/CicloSilvo_completo-ESP-ENG.png
@BagmarAnand
Challenges of Automated Visual Validation
https://www.europarc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/CicloSilvo_completo-ESP-ENG.png
@BagmarAnand
Challenges of Automated Visual Validation
https://www.europarc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/CicloSilvo_completo-ESP-ENG.png
• Product evolves
• Features
• Functionality
• Personalization
• Contextual data
• Experiments
• Feature toggles
@BagmarAnand
Challenges of Automated Visual Validation
• Pixel comparison does not work
@BagmarAnand
Challenges of Automated Visual Validation
• Pixel comparison does not work
AI in Visual Test Automation
@BagmarAnand
Demo
@BagmarAnand
Test Automation Pyramid
@BagmarAnand
Unit (xUnit /
JavaScript)
Manual / Exploratory
Web Service
UI / e2e
@BagmarAnand
Test Pyramid – Includes UX & NFRs
Unit (xUnit / JavaScript)
Manual / Exploratory
Web Service
UI / e2e
Performance
Security
Accessibility
Analytics
UX
Product Quality
@BagmarAnand
• Have a holistic Quality Strategy for your product
• Shift-Left to get quick feedback
• Include Visual Testing in your Automation Strategy
@BagmarAnand
Summary
• The Practical Test Pyramid -
https://martinfowler.com/articles/practical-test-pyramid.html
• Testing Pyramids & Ice-Cream Cones -
https://watirmelon.blog/testing-pyramids/
• Applitools – www.applitools.com
@BagmarAnand
References
Thank you!
Anand Bagmar
EssenceOfTesting.com
@BagmarAnand

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Visual Validation - The missing tip of the automation pyramid @GoT2022