Oral temperature: It is the most commonly used method, is considered very convenient and reliable. Here we place the thermometer under the tongue and close the lips around it. The posterior sublingual pocket is the area that gives the highest reliability.
Tympanic temperature: In this method, the thermometer is inserted into the ear canal. This site is convenient but less accurate and hence not recommended.
Axillary temperature: In this, we place the thermometer in the axilla while adducting the arm of the patient. This site is convenient but generally considered less accurate and hence not recommended.
Rectal temperature: The thermometer is inserted through the anus into the rectum after applying a lubricant. This method is very inconvenient, but since it measures the internal measurement, it is very reliable. It is usually considered the "gold standard" method of recording temperature.
Skin temperature: Digital thermometer can be used to measure the quick temperature from the skin of the forehead. It has been widely used now in this COVID-19 pandemic to avoid cross-contamination as the thermometer is kept 3-5cm away from the patient's forehead.
Body temperature is affected by many sources of internal and external variables. Besides the site of measurement, the time of day is an essential factor leading to variability in the temperature record, secondary to the circadian rhythm. Other factors influencing body temperature are gender, recent activity, a person's relative physical fitness, food, and fluid consumption, and, in women, the stage of the menstrual cycle. [1]
Pulse RatePulse.jpg
Pulse rate is defined as the wave of blood in the artery created by contraction of the left ventricle during a cardiac cycle. The most common sites of measuring the peripheral pulses are the radial pulse, ulnar pulse, brachial pulse in the upper extremity, and the posterior tibialis or the dorsalis pedis pulse as well as the femoral pulse in the lower extremity. Clinicians also measure the carotid pulse in the neck. In day to day practice, the radial pulse is the most frequently used site for checking the peripheral pulse, where the pulse is palpated on the radial aspect of the forearm, just proximal to the wrist joint.
Parameters for assessment of pulse
Rate: The normal range used in an adult is between 60 to 100 beats /minute with rates above 100 beats/minute and rates and below 60 beats per minute, referred to as tachycardia and bradycardia, respectively. Changes in the rate of the pulse, along with changes in respiration is called sinus arrhythmia. In sinus arrhythmia, the pulse rate becomes faster during inspiration and slows down during expiration.
Rythym: Assessing whether the rhythm of the pulse is regular or irregular is essential. The pulse could be regular, irregular, or irregularly irregular. Irregularly irregular pattern is more commonly indicative of processes like atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation.
Volume: Assessing the volume of the pulse
This document discusses vital signs including temperature, pulse, and respiration. It provides details on:
- The purposes of assessing vital signs such as to evaluate organ function, patient condition and progress, and help with diagnosis.
- Normal ranges and factors that influence vital signs. Temperature is usually 97-99°F, pulse is 70-80 BPM, and respiration is 12-20 breaths per minute.
- Characteristics used to evaluate each vital sign like temperature measurement sites, pulse rate, rhythm and volume, and respiration rate and depth.
- Abnormal readings outside normal ranges and their names like fever, tachycardia, bradycardia, tachypnea.
This document provides information on performing a general survey and measuring vital signs. It describes aspects to observe in a general patient survey, such as appearance, posture, and gait. It then discusses the importance of measuring weight, height, temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, rhythm, and respiratory rate as vital signs. For each vital sign, it explains the proper technique for measurement and provides normal ranges. It also describes abnormalities that may be observed, such as orthostatic hypotension or irregular pulses.
This document provides information on procedures for assessing and documenting vital signs, including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It describes how to measure each vital sign, normal ranges, factors that can influence readings, and equipment used. Temperature can be taken orally, rectally, axillary or via tympanic membrane. Pulse is assessed by palpation or auscultation. Respiratory rate is observed by chest or abdominal movement. Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. Vital signs are documented to monitor patients' physiological status and identify changes requiring medical attention.
This document provides information on procedures for assessing and documenting vital signs, including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It describes how to measure each vital sign, normal ranges, factors that can influence readings, and equipment used. Temperature can be taken orally, rectally, axillary or via tympanic membrane. Pulse is assessed by palpation or auscultation. Respiratory rate is observed by chest or abdominal movement. Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. Vital signs are documented to monitor a patient's condition, for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
This document discusses vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It defines normal ranges and factors that can affect each vital sign. Abnormalities are identified and interventions are outlined. Assessment techniques and sites are reviewed for each vital sign.
This document provides an overview of vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation. It describes how to assess each vital sign, normal ranges, factors that influence them, and abnormalities. Procedures for taking temperatures orally, rectally, and via tympanic membrane are outlined. Methods of measuring pulse by palpation and auscultation at different sites are explained. Respiration is assessed by rate and rhythm. Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer and factors like arm position and cuff size that influence readings are noted. Oxygen saturation is a new vital sign measured by pulse oximetry.
This document discusses vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It provides details on normal ranges, methods of measurement, and factors that impact vital signs assessments. Key points include:
- Vital signs reflect physiological status and health condition. Frequency of assessment depends on patient's condition, being more often for critical patients.
- Normal temperature ranges from 36.4-37.6°C depending on measurement site. Methods include glass, electronic, disposable, and tympanic thermometers.
- Pulse is measured at different sites and normal rate is 60-100 bpm. Characteristics like rhythm, strength and irregularities provide clinical information.
- Respiration rate for adults is 14-
This document discusses vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It provides details on normal ranges, methods of measurement, and factors that impact vital signs assessments. Key points include:
- Vital signs reflect physiological status and health condition. Frequency of assessment depends on patient's condition, being more often for critical patients.
- Normal temperature ranges from 36.4-37.6°C depending on measurement site. Methods include glass, electronic, disposable, and tympanic thermometers.
- Pulse is measured at different sites and normal rate is 60-100 bpm. Characteristics like rhythm, strength and irregularities provide clinical information.
- Respiration rate for adults is 14-
This document discusses vital signs including temperature, pulse, and respiration. It provides details on:
- The purposes of assessing vital signs such as to evaluate organ function, patient condition and progress, and help with diagnosis.
- Normal ranges and factors that influence vital signs. Temperature is usually 97-99°F, pulse is 70-80 BPM, and respiration is 12-20 breaths per minute.
- Characteristics used to evaluate each vital sign like temperature measurement sites, pulse rate, rhythm and volume, and respiration rate and depth.
- Abnormal readings outside normal ranges and their names like fever, tachycardia, bradycardia, tachypnea.
This document provides information on performing a general survey and measuring vital signs. It describes aspects to observe in a general patient survey, such as appearance, posture, and gait. It then discusses the importance of measuring weight, height, temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, rhythm, and respiratory rate as vital signs. For each vital sign, it explains the proper technique for measurement and provides normal ranges. It also describes abnormalities that may be observed, such as orthostatic hypotension or irregular pulses.
This document provides information on procedures for assessing and documenting vital signs, including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It describes how to measure each vital sign, normal ranges, factors that can influence readings, and equipment used. Temperature can be taken orally, rectally, axillary or via tympanic membrane. Pulse is assessed by palpation or auscultation. Respiratory rate is observed by chest or abdominal movement. Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. Vital signs are documented to monitor patients' physiological status and identify changes requiring medical attention.
This document provides information on procedures for assessing and documenting vital signs, including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It describes how to measure each vital sign, normal ranges, factors that can influence readings, and equipment used. Temperature can be taken orally, rectally, axillary or via tympanic membrane. Pulse is assessed by palpation or auscultation. Respiratory rate is observed by chest or abdominal movement. Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. Vital signs are documented to monitor a patient's condition, for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
This document discusses vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It defines normal ranges and factors that can affect each vital sign. Abnormalities are identified and interventions are outlined. Assessment techniques and sites are reviewed for each vital sign.
This document provides an overview of vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation. It describes how to assess each vital sign, normal ranges, factors that influence them, and abnormalities. Procedures for taking temperatures orally, rectally, and via tympanic membrane are outlined. Methods of measuring pulse by palpation and auscultation at different sites are explained. Respiration is assessed by rate and rhythm. Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer and factors like arm position and cuff size that influence readings are noted. Oxygen saturation is a new vital sign measured by pulse oximetry.
This document discusses vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It provides details on normal ranges, methods of measurement, and factors that impact vital signs assessments. Key points include:
- Vital signs reflect physiological status and health condition. Frequency of assessment depends on patient's condition, being more often for critical patients.
- Normal temperature ranges from 36.4-37.6°C depending on measurement site. Methods include glass, electronic, disposable, and tympanic thermometers.
- Pulse is measured at different sites and normal rate is 60-100 bpm. Characteristics like rhythm, strength and irregularities provide clinical information.
- Respiration rate for adults is 14-
This document discusses vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It provides details on normal ranges, methods of measurement, and factors that impact vital signs assessments. Key points include:
- Vital signs reflect physiological status and health condition. Frequency of assessment depends on patient's condition, being more often for critical patients.
- Normal temperature ranges from 36.4-37.6°C depending on measurement site. Methods include glass, electronic, disposable, and tympanic thermometers.
- Pulse is measured at different sites and normal rate is 60-100 bpm. Characteristics like rhythm, strength and irregularities provide clinical information.
- Respiration rate for adults is 14-
Vital signs measurements include temperature, pulse, respiration rate, and blood pressure. The document outlines procedures for assessing each vital sign, factors that influence them, common equipment used, and reasons for taking vital signs. Normal ranges are provided for each sign. Temperature can be taken orally, rectally, in the ear or armpit. Pulse is usually assessed at the wrist or neck and factors like exercise can influence rate. Respiration rate is observed by chest or abdominal movement and varies by age. Blood pressure includes systolic and diastolic measurements taken using a cuff and stethoscope.
(1a) Vital_Signs.pdf Dow Health university appilacateYounasPanda
This document provides information on vital signs including definitions, normal ranges, and procedures for assessment. It discusses temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. For each vital sign, it defines the measurement, influencing factors, normal ranges, terminology, and procedures for accurate assessment. It emphasizes the importance of vital signs in monitoring changes in a patient's condition as vital signs may be the first indicator of a problem. The document also discusses factors that influence each vital sign measurement and nursing considerations.
This document provides information on assessing and recording a patient's vital signs, which include temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. The normal ranges for each vital sign are defined. The procedures for measuring each vital sign using the appropriate equipment are described in detail, including required materials, patient positioning, and recording the results. Maintaining sterility and following proper technique is emphasized.
The document discusses various vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It provides details on normal ranges, measurement techniques, and factors that can affect readings. For temperature, common measurement sites include oral, tympanic, axillary, and rectal. Pulse is assessed by rate, rhythm, volume, symmetry and other parameters. Respiration is normally 12-20 breaths per minute and can be affected by various medical conditions. Blood pressure involves systolic and diastolic readings and should be taken using proper techniques such as arm support and cuff size. Common pain scales are also outlined.
This document outlines the assessment of a patient's vital signs and medical history, which includes taking their temperature, pulse, respiration rate, and blood pressure. Normal ranges for each vital sign are provided. Methods for measuring temperature and characteristics to check for pulse are described. Breathing patterns such as eupnea, dyspnea, and apnea are defined. Finally, common critical disorders like ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmias are listed.
This document discusses vital signs including body temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It defines vital signs as the "signs of life" that provide information about the internal functioning of the body. Key topics covered include the mechanisms that regulate body temperature, normal ranges for vital signs, factors that influence them, and methods for measuring temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure.
This document discusses vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It describes the normal ranges and procedures for assessing each vital sign. Factors that can influence the vital signs are identified. Common equipment used for assessment is outlined. The document provides guidance on indications for vital sign monitoring, documentation, and interpretation of findings. Overall it serves as a reference for nurses on appropriately evaluating and understanding a patient's physiological status based on their vital signs.
This document provides information on assessing and interpreting vital signs, including temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. It describes the normal ranges for each vital sign and factors that can influence them. The procedures for measuring each vital sign are outlined, including the appropriate equipment and sites on the body. Reasons for routinely measuring vital signs and guidelines for documentation are also discussed.
vitals sign is the basic parameter used for all the patients to know the vital and general parameter for the patients and any changes in this parameter can cause the life threatening condition for the patients or clients life the proper technique and its alternatives assessment knowledge can help the nurses to improve academic performance and can be apply this knowledge in their clinical practices
Vital signs are a basic component of assessing a client's physiological and psychological health. The five main vital signs are: body temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. These findings can reveal even slight deviations from normal as they are governed by vital organs. Significant variations in vital signs may indicate issues like insufficient oxygen, blood depletion, or electrolyte imbalances and help diagnose diseases. Each vital sign has normal ranges and characteristics like rate, rhythm, depth, and tension that are assessed. Abnormal readings can provide clues to a client's condition. Maintaining accurate vital sign measurements is important for monitoring health changes over time.
Vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure are important indicators of a client's physiological health. Temperature is regulated by the hypothalamus and can be taken orally, rectally, via the ear or axilla. Normal pulse rate is 60-100 beats per minute and provides information about rhythm and volume. Respiration is assessed by counting breaths over one minute. Normal respiration is 16-20 breaths per minute. Blood pressure includes systolic and diastolic measurements and indicates force of blood flow. Regular monitoring of these vital signs helps identify health issues and monitor a client's condition over time.
This document provides information on vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It defines each vital sign and outlines normal ranges. The purposes of taking vital signs are to identify life-threatening conditions, detect changes in a client's health status, and help with diagnosis. Methods for accurately measuring each sign are described, along with factors that can influence the readings. Abnormal findings are also defined. The document emphasizes the importance of properly assessing and recording vital signs to monitor a client's physiological health.
This document provides information about vital signs including temperature, pulse, blood pressure, and respiration. It defines each vital sign and outlines normal ranges. For temperature, it discusses methods of measurement and factors that can influence readings. Regarding pulse, the summary describes locations, characteristics, and normal ranges. The document also outlines methods for assessing respiration rate and characteristics of respiratory function. Blood pressure is defined as systolic and diastolic pressure, and methods of measurement are presented along with normal ranges.
Vital signs are key physiological measurements that include body temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. They provide basic information about the functioning of major organ systems and can help detect medical issues. Normal ranges vary with age, but body temperature typically ranges from 36-37°C, pulse from 60-100 beats/minute, respiration from 12-20 breaths/minute, and blood pressure from 90/60 mmHg to 140/90 mmHg for adults. Abnormal vital signs can indicate conditions like fever, infection, shock, or hypotension and should be monitored closely.
Vital signs include measurements of heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, temperature, and oxygen saturation. These signs indicate an individual's level of physical functioning and are observed and monitored to assess health status. Normal vital signs can vary by age, sex, and other factors. Accurately measuring vital signs involves using proper technique and understanding abnormal results that may indicate issues like hypertension, hypotension, or hypoxemia.
Vital signs are physical measurements that indicate whether an individual is alive and include heart rate, breathing rate, temperature, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation. They are affected by factors like age, sex, weight, exercise, and medical conditions. Vital signs are usually measured when patients are admitted to healthcare facilities, experience changes in health status, before and after medical procedures, and every 4 hours for patients with specific conditions. Abnormal vital signs include fever, very high or low temperature, fast or slow heart rate or breathing, and high or low blood pressure.
Temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure (BP), and oxygen saturation, are measurements that indicate a person’s hemodynamic status. These are the five vital signs most frequently obtained by health care practitioners (Perry, Potter, & Ostendorf, 2014). Vital signs will potentially reveal sudden changes in a patient’s condition and will also measure changes that occur progressively over time. A difference between patients’ normal baseline vital signs and their present vital signs may indicate the need for intervention (Perry et al., 2014). Checklist 15 outlines the steps to take when checking vital signs.
Blood pressure is measured by a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. It involves two readings: systolic (top number) which is the pressure when the heart contracts, and diastolic (bottom number) which is the pressure when the heart relaxes. Sounds known as Korotkoff sounds are used to determine these readings as the cuff is deflated. Blood pressure is written as the systolic over the diastolic pressure in mmHg and is influenced by factors like age, stress, and medications. Abnormal blood pressures include hypertension (high) and hypotension (low).
Vital signs include temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. Procedures for accurately assessing each vital sign are described along with common factors that can influence readings. Key equipment for taking vital signs includes a thermometer, stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, watch, and recording sheet. Vital signs are usually taken on admission, with changes in condition, before/after certain medications or procedures, and according to hospital policy in order to monitor a patient's health status and detect any deviations from normal ranges.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Vital signs measurements include temperature, pulse, respiration rate, and blood pressure. The document outlines procedures for assessing each vital sign, factors that influence them, common equipment used, and reasons for taking vital signs. Normal ranges are provided for each sign. Temperature can be taken orally, rectally, in the ear or armpit. Pulse is usually assessed at the wrist or neck and factors like exercise can influence rate. Respiration rate is observed by chest or abdominal movement and varies by age. Blood pressure includes systolic and diastolic measurements taken using a cuff and stethoscope.
(1a) Vital_Signs.pdf Dow Health university appilacateYounasPanda
This document provides information on vital signs including definitions, normal ranges, and procedures for assessment. It discusses temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. For each vital sign, it defines the measurement, influencing factors, normal ranges, terminology, and procedures for accurate assessment. It emphasizes the importance of vital signs in monitoring changes in a patient's condition as vital signs may be the first indicator of a problem. The document also discusses factors that influence each vital sign measurement and nursing considerations.
This document provides information on assessing and recording a patient's vital signs, which include temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. The normal ranges for each vital sign are defined. The procedures for measuring each vital sign using the appropriate equipment are described in detail, including required materials, patient positioning, and recording the results. Maintaining sterility and following proper technique is emphasized.
The document discusses various vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It provides details on normal ranges, measurement techniques, and factors that can affect readings. For temperature, common measurement sites include oral, tympanic, axillary, and rectal. Pulse is assessed by rate, rhythm, volume, symmetry and other parameters. Respiration is normally 12-20 breaths per minute and can be affected by various medical conditions. Blood pressure involves systolic and diastolic readings and should be taken using proper techniques such as arm support and cuff size. Common pain scales are also outlined.
This document outlines the assessment of a patient's vital signs and medical history, which includes taking their temperature, pulse, respiration rate, and blood pressure. Normal ranges for each vital sign are provided. Methods for measuring temperature and characteristics to check for pulse are described. Breathing patterns such as eupnea, dyspnea, and apnea are defined. Finally, common critical disorders like ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmias are listed.
This document discusses vital signs including body temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It defines vital signs as the "signs of life" that provide information about the internal functioning of the body. Key topics covered include the mechanisms that regulate body temperature, normal ranges for vital signs, factors that influence them, and methods for measuring temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure.
This document discusses vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It describes the normal ranges and procedures for assessing each vital sign. Factors that can influence the vital signs are identified. Common equipment used for assessment is outlined. The document provides guidance on indications for vital sign monitoring, documentation, and interpretation of findings. Overall it serves as a reference for nurses on appropriately evaluating and understanding a patient's physiological status based on their vital signs.
This document provides information on assessing and interpreting vital signs, including temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. It describes the normal ranges for each vital sign and factors that can influence them. The procedures for measuring each vital sign are outlined, including the appropriate equipment and sites on the body. Reasons for routinely measuring vital signs and guidelines for documentation are also discussed.
vitals sign is the basic parameter used for all the patients to know the vital and general parameter for the patients and any changes in this parameter can cause the life threatening condition for the patients or clients life the proper technique and its alternatives assessment knowledge can help the nurses to improve academic performance and can be apply this knowledge in their clinical practices
Vital signs are a basic component of assessing a client's physiological and psychological health. The five main vital signs are: body temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. These findings can reveal even slight deviations from normal as they are governed by vital organs. Significant variations in vital signs may indicate issues like insufficient oxygen, blood depletion, or electrolyte imbalances and help diagnose diseases. Each vital sign has normal ranges and characteristics like rate, rhythm, depth, and tension that are assessed. Abnormal readings can provide clues to a client's condition. Maintaining accurate vital sign measurements is important for monitoring health changes over time.
Vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure are important indicators of a client's physiological health. Temperature is regulated by the hypothalamus and can be taken orally, rectally, via the ear or axilla. Normal pulse rate is 60-100 beats per minute and provides information about rhythm and volume. Respiration is assessed by counting breaths over one minute. Normal respiration is 16-20 breaths per minute. Blood pressure includes systolic and diastolic measurements and indicates force of blood flow. Regular monitoring of these vital signs helps identify health issues and monitor a client's condition over time.
This document provides information on vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It defines each vital sign and outlines normal ranges. The purposes of taking vital signs are to identify life-threatening conditions, detect changes in a client's health status, and help with diagnosis. Methods for accurately measuring each sign are described, along with factors that can influence the readings. Abnormal findings are also defined. The document emphasizes the importance of properly assessing and recording vital signs to monitor a client's physiological health.
This document provides information about vital signs including temperature, pulse, blood pressure, and respiration. It defines each vital sign and outlines normal ranges. For temperature, it discusses methods of measurement and factors that can influence readings. Regarding pulse, the summary describes locations, characteristics, and normal ranges. The document also outlines methods for assessing respiration rate and characteristics of respiratory function. Blood pressure is defined as systolic and diastolic pressure, and methods of measurement are presented along with normal ranges.
Vital signs are key physiological measurements that include body temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. They provide basic information about the functioning of major organ systems and can help detect medical issues. Normal ranges vary with age, but body temperature typically ranges from 36-37°C, pulse from 60-100 beats/minute, respiration from 12-20 breaths/minute, and blood pressure from 90/60 mmHg to 140/90 mmHg for adults. Abnormal vital signs can indicate conditions like fever, infection, shock, or hypotension and should be monitored closely.
Vital signs include measurements of heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, temperature, and oxygen saturation. These signs indicate an individual's level of physical functioning and are observed and monitored to assess health status. Normal vital signs can vary by age, sex, and other factors. Accurately measuring vital signs involves using proper technique and understanding abnormal results that may indicate issues like hypertension, hypotension, or hypoxemia.
Vital signs are physical measurements that indicate whether an individual is alive and include heart rate, breathing rate, temperature, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation. They are affected by factors like age, sex, weight, exercise, and medical conditions. Vital signs are usually measured when patients are admitted to healthcare facilities, experience changes in health status, before and after medical procedures, and every 4 hours for patients with specific conditions. Abnormal vital signs include fever, very high or low temperature, fast or slow heart rate or breathing, and high or low blood pressure.
Temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure (BP), and oxygen saturation, are measurements that indicate a person’s hemodynamic status. These are the five vital signs most frequently obtained by health care practitioners (Perry, Potter, & Ostendorf, 2014). Vital signs will potentially reveal sudden changes in a patient’s condition and will also measure changes that occur progressively over time. A difference between patients’ normal baseline vital signs and their present vital signs may indicate the need for intervention (Perry et al., 2014). Checklist 15 outlines the steps to take when checking vital signs.
Blood pressure is measured by a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. It involves two readings: systolic (top number) which is the pressure when the heart contracts, and diastolic (bottom number) which is the pressure when the heart relaxes. Sounds known as Korotkoff sounds are used to determine these readings as the cuff is deflated. Blood pressure is written as the systolic over the diastolic pressure in mmHg and is influenced by factors like age, stress, and medications. Abnormal blood pressures include hypertension (high) and hypotension (low).
Vital signs include temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. Procedures for accurately assessing each vital sign are described along with common factors that can influence readings. Key equipment for taking vital signs includes a thermometer, stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, watch, and recording sheet. Vital signs are usually taken on admission, with changes in condition, before/after certain medications or procedures, and according to hospital policy in order to monitor a patient's health status and detect any deviations from normal ranges.
Similaire à vital signs for the notes taking ...pptx (20)
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
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Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
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2. Vital signs are the indicators of physiologic
functioning and reflect the health status of a
person.
Vital signs include a person’s Temperature,
Pulse, Respiration and Blood pressure.
It is the best indicator of cardiopulmonary
arrest, unplanned intensive care unit and
unexpected death
3.
4. Body temperature is defined as the balance
between the amount of heat produced and the
amount of heat lost to the environment in
degrees.
Core temperature is intracranial, intrathoracic
and intra abdominal is higher than surface body
temperature.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. a) Food intake : Eating generally leads to a slight
increase in body temperature, as your metabolic
rate increases in order to allow the digestion of
food. Your temperature may increase by as many as
2 degrees F as the chemical reactions of the
digestive process take place within your body.
These chemical reactions are what produces the
heat that causes a slight augmentation in body
temperature.
b) Age & Biological sex: Children tend to have
very high metabolic rates, i.e their bodies convert
food to energy at a much higher rate, on average,
compared to adults.
14. Fever or Pyrexia is defined as rise in the
body temperature above 99* F.
The causes of fever are infection,
dehydration, heat stroke, surgical truma,
crushing injuries and intruption of
foreign body in the body.
15. Onset or Invasion Fever: Onset or invasion fever is the period
owhen the body temperture is rising and it may be a sudden or gradual
process.
Fastigium or stadium: It is the period when the body temperature has
reached its maximum and remains fairly constant at a high level.
Defervescence or decline : It is the period when the elevated
temperature returning to normal suddenly or gradually.
Crisis : Sudden return to normal temperature form a very high
temperature within a few hours or days.
a. True crisis – The temperature falls suddenly within few hours and
touches normal, accompained by a marked improvement in the
patient’condition.
b. False crisis – The temperature falls suddenly within few hours
and touches normal and not accompained by a improvement in the
patient’condition. It may be a danger signal.
16. Lysis: The temperature flows in a zig-zag manner for a week before
reaching normal, during the time where other symptoms also disappear.
Constant or Continuous fever: It is in one which the body
temperature does not varies more than two degrees between
morning and evening and it does not reach normal level.
Remittent fever : It is in one which the body temperature varies more
than two degrees between morning and evening and it does not reach
normal level.
17. Intermittent fever: The temperature rises from subnormal to high
fever and back at regular intervals. Usually the temperature rises higher
in the evening than in the Morning.
Inverse fever : In this Highest range is recorded in the morning and
lowest grade in the evening.
Swinging fever : When the difference between the high and low level is
very great.
18. Relapsing fever : In which there are febrile period followed by one or
more days of normal temperature.
Rigor: Rigor is a sudden severe attack of shivering, it is mostly seen in
Malaria.
Low pyrexia : Fever does not rise above 100*F
Moderate pyrexia : Fever rise between 100*F – 103*F
High pyrexia : Fever rise between 103*F – 105*F
Hyperthermia : Temperature rise above 105*F or above .
Hypothermia : Temperature falls below 95*F.
19.
20.
21.
22. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Good blood supply under the tongue There is a possibility of false
recording.
Less chance of bulb coming into
contact of air.
There is a chance of breaking
thermometer.
No privacy needed Possibility of cross infection
Correct measurement can be recorded Bad taste of disinfectatnt
Patient get tired of keeping
thermometer for log time.
23. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Less discomfort to patient. Axill is moist from persipiration and
moisture can give false reading.
Method is used for the younger one.
Taking holt & cold drinks will not
affect the readings.
There is no Possibility of cross
infection
24. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Good blood supply and is most
reliable
Privacy needed
It needs lubrication on bulb.
Chances of soiling of hnds of nurse.
If rectum is loaded with the feacal
matter we get false reading.
25.
26. a) Explain the procedure to the patient and his family members and gain co
operation.
b) Inform the ward In charge.
c) Arrange all the articles to the patient bed side.
d) Wash hands
e) Provide privacy
f) Clean thermometer with dry swab towards bulb to stem
g) Kept in eye level and shake the thermometer to down below the mercury
level
h) Ask the patient to open mouth and kept the thermometer under the
tongue.
i) After 2 minutes of time to get accurate readings.
j) Take out the thermometers and wipe with wet cotton towards stem to
bulb
k) Read the thermometer at eye level and against light.
l) Mark the readings
m) Discard the waste and replace the articles
n) Document the recordings
27.
28.
29.
30.
31. Pulse is an alternate expansion (rise) and recoil (fall) of an artery as the
wave of the blood is forced through it during the contraction of the elft
ventricle.
The pulse can be felt by the fingers on a point where an artery crosses a
bone close to the surface of the skin.
When the left ventricle contracts, it forces about 70 ml of blood into the
aorta and into the arteries.
The pulse may be felt at the place of
32.
33. Rate : The number pulse beats in a minute
Tachycardia - Pulse rate over the 100 beats per minute
Bradycardia - Pulse rate below 60 beats per minute
FACTORS AFFECTING THE PULSE RATE :
AGE :
34.
35. Rhythm: Rhythm refers to the regularity of beats. The pulse should be
count for a full minute.
Arrhythmia - Irregular heartbeat, is a problem with the rate or rhythm of
your heartbeat.
Intermittent pulse - A pulse in which occasional beats are skipped, caused
by conditions such as premature atrial contractions, premature ventricular
contractions, and atrial fibrillation.
Extrasystoles - referred to as skipped heartbeats, “heart hiccups“ or
palpitations, and are medically regarded as a form of cardiac arrhythmia.
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) - is an irregular and often very rapid heart
rhythm.
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) as the most abnormal heart rhythm. VF is
extremely dangerous and can lead to sudden cardiac death. It is rapid
twitching.
Sinus arrhythmia – it is the condition in which the heart rate is rapid
during inspiration and slow during expiration.
Dicrotic pulse – There is one heart beat and two arterial pulsation giving
the sensation of a double beat.
36. Volume refers to the fullness of the artery. It’s
the force of blood felt at each other. Volume
depends on the amount of blood in the arteries.
If the volume of blood is decreased by
haemorrhage, the pulse will be weak, thready,
small, feeble or flickering where as when the pulse
in large or full and also rapid in rate, it may be
described as bounding pulse.
37. Water hammer pulse or corrigan’ s pulse or collapsing
pulse : Watson’s hammer pulse, also known as Corrigan’s pulse or collapsing
pulse, is the medical sign (seen in aortic regurgitation) which describes a pulse
that is bounding and forceful, rapidly increasing and subsequently collapsing, as if
it were the sound of a water hammer that was causing the pulse.
Bounding Pulse: It signifies an increased stroke volume as seen in exercise,
anxiety, aemia, hepatic failure, heart block and the water hammer pulse
Bigeminal pulse : Accompanied by an irregular rhythm in which every other
beat comes early. The second or premature beat feels weak due to inadequate
filling if the ventricles between the two beats. It is mostly seen in Myocardial
infarction and digitalis toxicity.
Weak or thready pulse: It signifies a decrease stroke volume and is seen in
haemorrhagic shock or loss of fluid from the body. Eg: Diarrhoea and vomiting. It
is usually a small weak pulse that feels therady on the arteries.
Tension: It is the degree of compressibility
38. Respiration is the act of breathing. It is the process of taking in
Oxygen and giving out Carbon dioxide.
Respiration constitute inspiration, expiration and a pause.
Respiration may be internal and external.
The exchange of gases between the blood and the air in the lungs
is called External or Pulmonary respiration.
The exchange of gases between the blood and the tissues cells is
called Internal or Tissue respiration
Respiratory centre is Medula oblongata.
39. Rate: Rate is the number of full respirations in a minute. The normal
rate of Respiration for an adult will be between 16 -24 breaths per
minute.
40.
41.
42.
43. Tachypnoea – Increased respiratory rate above 30 breaths per
minute.
Bradypnoea – Decreased respiratory rate below 10 breaths per
minute.
Apnoea – Total cessation of breathing
Hyperpnoea – increase in the depth of respiration
Orthopnea – patient can breath only in upright position
Stertorous respiration – it is a noisy respiration (Snoring
sounds).it is because of air passing through the secretions and are
seen in alcoholic persons.
Stirdor – A harsh, vibrating shrill sound is produced during
respiration.
Wheeze – the high pitched, musical whistling sound occurs at the
partial obstruction in the broncholes.
44. Sigh – a very deep inspiration followed by expiration.
Air hunger – a form of dyspnoea in which there are deep sighing
respiration.
Cheyne stoke’s respiration – series of respiration that gradually
become deeper and noisier until a climax is reached, when a pause
occurs aponea and then cycle is repeated.
Dyspnoea - difficult or laboured breathing.
Cyanosis - bluish discolouration of the skin and mucus
membrane due to lack of oxygen.
Anoxia - it is the lack of oxygen in the tissue.
Anoxaemia - it is the lack of oxygen in the blood stream
Asphyxia – a state of suffocation . It is produced by the prolonged
interference of sufficient supply of oxygen
Rale (rahl) – an abnormal rattling or bubbling sound cause of
mucus in the air passage (bronchitis)
45. Blood pressure is the force exerted against the walls of the blood
vessels as it flows through them.
Systolic pressure is the highest degree of pressure exerted by the
blood against the walls of the blood vessels during the ventricular
systole when the left ventricle is forcing the blood into aorta.
Diastole pressure is the lowest pressure that occurs when the heart
in in its resting period just before the contraction of the left
ventricle.
Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic
pressure represents the volume output of the left ventricle.
The average blood pressure is 120/80 mmhg.
Hypertension - abnormally high blood pressure about 140/90
mmhg
Hypotension - abnormally low blood pressure about 90/60 mmhg
46.
47.
48.
49. Ж Identify the client
Ж Check the diagnosis and reason for checking blood pressure
Ж Check for clients mental & physical state. If client is anger,
confused, pain or on a crying child.
Ж Don’t check pulse if the clients having iv infusion, injured,
has shunt / fistula of renal patient, same side of radical
mastectomy foe female patients.
Ж Check defects of bp apparatus
Ж Prepare the articles.
Ж Explain procedure to gain confidence and co operation.
Ж Client should be resting 5-10 mins prior to the checking
blood pressure.
50. PROCEDURE:
Wash hands
Apply deflated cuff evenly with rubber bladder over the brachial
artery the lower edge being 2” above the anticubital fossa
Palpate the brachial artery with the finger tips and place the bell of
the stethoscope on the brachial pulse.
Close the valve on the pump by turning the knob clockwise Pump
up air in the cuff until the sphygmo manometer registers about 20
mm above the point at which the radial pulsation disappears
Open the valve slowly by turning the knob antu clockwise. Permit
the air to escape very slowly. Note the number on the manometer
where the sound first begins. This is the systolic pressure.
Continue to release the pressure slowly. The sound become louder
and clearer. Note the point on the manometer where the sound
cease. This is the diastolic pressure
Allow the air to escape and the mercury to fall zero. Wait for 1
minute with the cuff deflated.
51. Repeat the procedure if there are any doubts about the reading.
Do not take blood pressure more than three times in succession on
the same arm
ASSESSING BLOOD PRESSURE IN LOWER EXTREMITIES:
52. Primary hypertension – high blood pressure
without a cause.
Secondary hypertension – high blood pressure
associated with a known pathology
Orthostatic hypotension – low blood pressure
associated with weakness or fainting when rise to
an erect position.