Presentation given at American Association of Law Libraries meeting in Denver, July 13, 2010.

1. Getting from Here to There And where is ‘There’ exactly, Anyway?

2. What Does ‘There’ Look Like Not like catalog cards Not MARC records Not necessarily ‘records’ at all Not entirely our data Data sharing, but probably not with a center point More open, less constrained by old assumptions about functionality Includes more collaborators outside the library silo 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 2

3. Standards Upgrade! 7/13/10 3 AALL 2010 Denver

4. Why RDA? RDA is a FRBR-based approach to structuring bibliographic data It contains more explicitly machine-friendly linkages (preferably with URIs) There’s more emphasis on relationships and roles … … and less emphasis on cataloger-created notes and text strings (particularly for identification) Less emphasis on transcription (important in an increasingly digital world) 7/13/10 4 AALL 2010 Denver

5. RDA & FRBR: Registered! RDA WEMI Elements: http://metadataregistry.org/schema/show/id/1.html RDA Roles: http://metadataregistry.org/schema/show/id/4.html RDA Vocabulary: Base Material http://metadataregistry.org/vocabulary/show/id/35.html FRBRer Model http://metadataregistry.org/schemaprop/list/schema_id/5.html 7/13/10 5 AALL 2010 Denver

6. Who’s Doing This? DCMI/RDA Task Group See: http://dublincore.org/dcmirdataskgroup/ Set up during the April 2007 London meeting between JSC and DCMI Gordon Dunsire and Diane Hillmann, co-chairs Karen Coyle & Alistair Miles, consultants IFLA Classification and Indexing Section Gordon Dunsire, Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, registering FRBR entities and relationships, FRAD, ISBD, etc. 7/13/10 6 AALL 2010 Denver

7. Walking through a concrete example … From the Cataloger Scenarios 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 7

8. Jane Cataloger is assigned to work on a gift collection. Her first selection is a Latvian translation of Kurt Vonnegut's "Bluebeard: a novel." She searches the library database for the original work, and finds: *Author: Kurt Vonnegut *Title of the work: Bluebeard: a novel *Form of work: Novel *Original language of the work: English 8 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver A Cataloger Scenario

9. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 9 Translated to RDA/XML: <frbrWork ID="rda.basic/01”> <rdarole:author>Kurt Vonnegut</rdarole:author> <titleOfTheWork>Bluebeard: a novel</titleOfTheWork> <formOfWork>Novel</formOfWork> <originalLanguageOfTheWork>English<originalLanguageOfTheWork> </frbrWork> Upgraded to RDA/XML with Links: <frbrWork ID="rda.basic/01”> <rdarole:author>http://lcnaf.info/79062641</rdarole:author> <titleOfTheWork>Bluebeard: a novel</titleOfTheWork> <formOfWork>http://RDVocab.info/genre/1008</formOfWork> <originalLanguageOfTheWork>http://marclang.info/eng </> </frbrWork>

10. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 10 with links to the following expression information: *Language of expression: English *Content type: Text and one manifestation: *Statement designating edition: 1st trade edition *Place of publication: New York *Publisher’s name: Delacorte Press *Date of publication: 1987 *Extent of text: 300 pages *Identifier for the manifestation: [ISBN]0385295901

11. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 11 Translated to RDA/XML: <frbrExpression ID="rda.basic/07”> <contentType>Text</contentType> <languageOfExpression>English<languageOfExpression> </frbrExpression> Upgraded to RDA/XML with Links: <frbrExpression ID="rda.basic/07”> <formOfWork>http://RDVocab.info/termList/RDAContentType/1020</> <languageOfExpression>http://marclang.info/eng </> </frbrExpression>

12. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 12 Translated to RDA/XML (with links below): <frbrManifestation ID="rda.basic/09”> <statementDesignatingEdition>1st Trade Edition</> <placeOfPublication>New York<placeOfPublication> <publishersName>Delacorte Press</publishersName> <dateOfPublication>1987</dateOfPublication> <extentOfText>300 pages</extentOfText> <identifierForTheManifestation>[ISBN]0385295901</> </frbrManifestation> <frbrManifestatiion ID="rda.basic/09”> <statementDesignatingEdition>1st Trade Edition</> <placeOfPublication>http://www.getty.edu/tgn/7007567</> <publishersName>http://onixpub.info/2039987</> <dateOfPublication>1987</dateOfPublication> <extentOfText>300 pages</extentOfText> <identifierForTheManifestation>urn:ISBN:0385295901</> </frbrManifestation>

13. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 13 FRBR Group 1 Work Exp: eng Man: eng

14. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 14 Jane begins her description by linking to the existing Work entity. She then creates an expression description: *Content type: text *Language of expression: Latvian *Translator:Grigulis, Arvīds She creates an authority record for the translator since none yet existed. She continues by creating a fuller description for the new manifestation, linking to the authority record for the Latvian publisher (what luck, it already existed!). *Title: [in Latvian] *Place of publication: Riga *Publisher’s name: Liesma *Date of publication: 1997 *Extent of Text: 315 pages

15. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 15 Translated to RDA/XML: <frbrExpression ID="rda.basic/11”> <contentType>text</contentType> <languageOfExpression>Latvian<languageOfExpression> <rdarole:translator>Grigulis, Arvīds</rdarole:translator> </frbrExpression> Upgraded to RDA/XML with Links: <frbrExpression ID="rda.basic/11”> <formOfWork>http://RDVocab.info/termList/RDAContentType/1020</> <languageOfExpression>http://marclang.info/lav</> <rdarole:translator>http://lcnaf.info/83219993 </frbrExpression>

16. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 16 Translated to RDA/XML (with links below): <frbrManifestation ID="rda.basic/09”> <title>[in Latvian]</> <placeOfPublication>Riga<placeOfPublication> <publishersName>Liesma</publishersName> <dateOfPublication>1997</dateOfPublication> <extentOfText>315 pages</extentOfText> </frbrManifestation> <frbrManifestatiion ID="rda.basic/09”> <placeOfPublication>http://www.getty.edu/tgn/7006484</> <publishersName>http://onixpub.info/6770094</> <dateOfPublication>1997</dateOfPublication> <extentOfText>315 pages</extentOfText> </frbrManifestation>

17. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 17 FRBR Group 1 Work Exp: eng Exp: lav Man: eng Man: lav

18. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 18 FRBR Group 2 FRBR Group 1 Work Author Translator Publisher Exp: eng Exp: lav Man: eng Man: lav

19. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 19 FRBR Group 2 FRBR Group 1 Work Author Translator Exp: eng Exp: lav Publisher FRBR Group 3 Concepts Objects Events Places Man: eng Man: lav Subjects

20. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 20 FRBR Group 2 FRBR Group 1 Work Author Translator Exp: eng Exp: lav Publisher FRBR Group 3 Concepts Objects Events Places Man: eng Man: lav Subjects Relationship Vocabularies Content Vocabularies Other Information In the “Cloud” Media Vocabularies

21. Can Standards Help? Not Necessarily Library Standards … 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 21

22. Semantic Web Standards RDF: Resource Description Framework Statements about Web resources in the form of subject-predicate-object expressions, called triples E.g. “This presentation” –“has creator” –“Diane Hillmann” RDF Schema Vocabulary description language of RDF SKOS: Simple Knowledge Organisation System Expresses the basic structure and content of concept schemes such as thesauri and other types of controlled vocabularies An RDF application OWL (Web Ontology Language) Explicitly represents the meaning of terms in vocabularies and the relationships between them 7/13/10 22 AALL 2010 Denver

23. Semantic Web Building Blocks Each component of an RDF statement (triple) is a “resource” RDF is about making machine-processable statements, requiring A machine-processable language for representing RDF statements Extensible Markup Language (XML) A system of machine-processable identifiers for resources (subjects, predicates, objects) Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) For full machine-processing potential, an RDF statement is a set of three URIs 7/13/10 23 AALL 2010 Denver

24. Things Requiring Identification Object “This presentation” e.g. its electronic location (URL) Predicate “has creator” e.g. http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator Object “Diane Hillmann” One option: URI of entry in Library of Congress Name Authority File (real soon now?) NAF: nr2001015786 Declaring vocabularies/values in SKOS and OWL provides URIs—essential for the Semantic Web 7/13/10 24 AALL 2010 Denver

25. Examining RDA Genetics RDA’s model is primarily FRBR and FRAD, but also takes some of its DNA from Dublin Core DC’s Abstract Model de-composes traditional metadata “records” and re-composes them with additional levels above and below what we’ve traditionally thought of as our “atomic level” The DCAM also talks about “statements” in ways that help connect RDA to the Semantic Web 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 25

26. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 26 A Dublin Core View of the World DCMI Abstract Model: http://dublincore.org/documents/abstract-model/

27. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 27 A Dublin Core View of the World DCMI Abstract Model: http://dublincore.org/documents/abstract-model/

28. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 28 Anatomy of a Statement Property Value Place of Production: New York Value String

29. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 29 Anatomy of a Statement Property Value Place of Production: http://www.getty.edu/tgn/7007567 Related Description

30. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 30 Description Sets a Key Concept!

31. Description Set=“A set of one or more descriptions, each of which describes a single resource.”* 31 *DCAM Definition 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver

32. A Different Strategy What Happens When We Give Up the Record as Our Basic Unit? 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 32

33. Our View of the Internet, 1995 “The turning point for the World Wide Web was the introduction[4] of the Mosaic web browser[5] in 1993, a graphical browser developed by a team at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), led by Marc Andreessen.” -- Wikipedia 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 33

34. What Would Happen If … We stopped thinking about our data as ‘records’ Instead, we started thinking of our data as ‘statements’ We started thinking of these statements as able to be aggregated in a variety of ways, for a variety of purposes Including sharing with others, both within the library and beyond What would that look like? 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 34

35. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 35 Statements on the Floor? ID=23456 hasStatementOfEdition “1st trade edition” ID=23456 hasPublicationDate “1987” ID=23456 hasPublisher “Delacorte Press” ID=23456 hasOriginalLanguage “English” ID=23456 hasLanguageOfExpression “English” ID=23456 hasAuthor “Kurt Vonnegut” ID=23456 isFormOfWork “Novel” ID=23456 hasPlaceOfPublication “New Yorkl” ID=23456 hasPreferredTitle “Bluebeard, a novel”

36. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 36 Is This Really Chaos? ID=23456 hasStatementOfEdition “1st trade edition” ID=23456 hasAuthor “Kurt Vonnegut” ID=23456 hasPublicationDate “1987” ID=23456 isFormOfWork “Novel” ID=23456 hasPublisher “Delacorte Press” ID=23456 hasPlaceOfPublication “New Yorkl” ID=23456 hasLanguageOfExpression “English” ID=23456 hasOriginalLanguage “English” ID=23456 hasPreferredTitle “Bluebeard, a novel”

37. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 37 ID=23456 hasAuthor “Kurt Vonnegut” Or Just an Aggregation In the Making? ID=23456 hasStatementOfEdition “1st trade edition” ID=23456 hasPublicationDate “1987” ID=23456 isFormOfWork “Novel” ID=23456 hasPublisher “Delacorte Press” ID=23456 hasPlaceOfPublication “New Yorkl” ID=23456 hasLanguageOfExpression “English” ID=23456 hasOriginalLanguage “English” ID=23456 hasPreferredTitle “Bluebeard, a novel”

38. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 38 ID=23456 hasAuthor “Kurt Vonnegut” ID=23456 hasPreferredTitle “Bluebeard, a novel” ID=23456 hasStatementOfEdition “1st trade edition” ID=23456 hasPublicationDate “1987” ID=23456 isFormOfWork “Novel” ID=23456 hasPublisher “Delacorte Press” ID=23456 hasPlaceOfPublication “New Yorkl” ID=23456 hasLanguageOfExpression “English” ID=23456 hasOriginalLanguage “English”

39. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 39 ID=23456 hasAuthor “Kurt Vonnegut” ID=23456 hasPreferredTitle “Bluebeard, a novel” ID=23456 hasOriginalLanguage “English” ID=23456 hasStatementOfEdition “1st trade edition” ID=23456 hasPublicationDate “1987” ID=23456 isFormOfWork “Novel” ID=23456 hasPublisher “Delacorte Press” ID=23456 hasPlaceOfPublication “New Yorkl” ID=23456 hasLanguageOfExpression “English”

40. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 40 ID=23456 hasAuthor “Kurt Vonnegut” ID=23456 hasPreferredTitle “Bluebeard, a novel” ID=23456 hasOriginalLanguage “English” ID=23456 isFormOfWork “Novel” ID=23456 hasPublicationDate “1987” ID=23456 hasPublisher “Delacorte Press” ID=23456 hasStatementOfEdition “1st trade edition” ID=23456 hasPlaceOfPublication “New Yorkl” ID=23456 hasLanguageOfExpression “English”

41. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 41 ID=23456 hasAuthor “Kurt Vonnegut” ID=23456 hasPreferredTitle “Bluebeard, a novel” Work ID=23456 hasOriginalLanguage “English” ID=23456 isFormOfWork “Novel” ID=23456 hasPublicationDate “1987” ID=23456 hasPublisher “Delacorte Press” ID=23456 hasStatementOfEdition “1st trade edition” ID=23456 hasPlaceOfPublication “New Yorkl” ID=23456 hasLanguageOfExpression “English”

42. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 42 ID=23456 hasLanguageOfExpression “English” ID=23456 hasPublicationDate “1987” ID=23456 hasPublisher “Delacorte Press” ID=23456 hasStatementOfEdition “1st trade edition” ID=23456 hasPlaceOfPublication “New Yorkl”

43. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 43 ID=23456 hasLanguageOfExpression “English” ID=23456 hasStatementOfEdition “1st trade edition” ID=23456 hasPublicationDate “1987” ID=23456 hasPublisher “Delacorte Press” ID=23456 hasPlaceOfPublication “New Yorkl”

44. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 44 ID=23456 hasLanguageOfExpression “English” Expression ID=23456 hasStatementOfEdition “1st trade edition” ID=23456 hasPublicationDate “1987” ID=23456 hasPublisher “Delacorte Press” ID=23456 hasPlaceOfPublication “New Yorkl”

45. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 45 ID=23456 hasPlaceOfPublication “New Yorkl” ID=23456 hasPublicationDate “1987” ID=23456 hasPublisher “Delacorte Press”

46. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 46 ID=23456 hasPlaceOfPublication “New Yorkl” ID=23456 hasPublisher “Delacorte Press” ID=23456 hasPublicationDate “1987”

47. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 47 ID=23456 hasPlaceOfPublication “New Yorkl” ID=23456 hasPublisher “Delacorte Press” ID=23456 hasPublicationDate “1987”

48. 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 48 ID=23456 hasPlaceOfPublication “New Yorkl” Manifestation ID=23456 hasPublisher “Delacorte Press” ID=23456 hasPublicationDate “1987”

49. Extensible Potential Because of the way the RDA Vocabularies are built, specialized communities can extend them in ways that support (not break) interoperability The aggregation of statements into FRBR ‘packages’ could be done in a completely different way to suit a particular community's needs without losing interoperability This is an entirely different way of thinking about data: It doesn’t require up-front consensus It doesn’t imply losers and winners when needs conflict It sets communities free to build interoperable data on their own terms 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 49

50. Yet More Challenges We need application profiles that express more than one notion of “Work” and more than one communitypoint of view JSC still seeing the process through the lens of a text cataloger The law library community (and others) have many unmet needs with the current RDA Moving the MARC legacy data into RDA OCLC has yet to reveal any details about their planning The eXtensible Catalog Project has a running start on this Multi-lingual and specialized extensions Non-Anglo-American communities eager to participate 7/13/10 50 AALL 2010 Denver

51. Multi-lingual RDA The Registry approach: Translations of labels, definitions and comments reside within the save vocabulary, with separate language attributes URIs stay the same, as do relationships Responsibility for updating translations rests with translation “owner”—who is enabled as a maintainer in the main vocabulary Requires a “web of trust” and organizational commitment So far, seems to have support from JSC and ALA Publishing 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 51

52. Some Questions (not answers) If we base our notions of aggregation on FRBR, does that imply that we exchange data as FRBR WEMI packages? Do those packages include all four levels, or one level only? How will we manage the identity of these packages? Identity is key to making sharing work well Will we need to manage these statements as aggregates? How will we continually upgrade and add data to these aggregations? 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 52

53. The BIG Questions Remaining What do we anticipate will be different about our changed working environment? How will workflow change? How will the data look? What will the library vendor systems do with it? How will we integrate user data? What kinds of user data? What do we need to know to operate in this new environment? 7/13/10 AALL 2010 Denver 53

54. Thanks & Acknowledgements Thanks for your attention! Slides will be available on Slideshare: http://slideshare.net/smartbroad/ Contact for Diane: Email: metadata.maven@gmail.com Website: http://managemetadata.com/ 7/13/10 54 AALL 2010 Denver