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SMART CITIES CONGRESS 
Gdansk, 22-23 October, 2014 
Gunnar Heinsohn 
CAN WE SURVIVE WITHOUT IMMIGRATION?
34 Countries (blue) in OECD (Poland member since 1996) will, in 2020, be short of 18 million 
high-skilled workers but must pay welfare vor 35 million unemployable people. 
2
Polish Immigration and Emigration 1960-2006 
http://focus-migration.hwwi.de/typo3_upload/groups/3/focus_Migration_Publikationen/Laenderprofile/bilder/Country-profiles/cp-03-poland/grafic2_gr.gif
2011: 56 AGING – “DYING” – NATIONS (TOTAL FERTILITY 
RATE [=CHILDREN IN AWOMAN’S LIFETIME] BELOW 1.8 
(NON-EUROPEANS IN RED; NET REPRODUCTION REQUIRES 2.1) 
USA 2.06 
UK 1.92 
Trinidad 
1.72 
Cuba 
1.61 
Portuga 
l 1.50 
Estonia 
1.43 
Armenia 
1.36 
Moldova 
1.28 
Japan 
1.20 
Australia 
1.78 
Tunisia 
1.71 
Canada 
1.58 
Albania 
1.47 
Bulgaria 
1.41 
Germany 
1.36 
Romania 
1.27 
Taiwan 
1.15 
Luxembg. 
1.78 
Sweden 
1.67 
Macedon 
. 1.58 
Spain 
1.47 
Russia 
1.41 
Slovakia 
1.36 
Ukraine 
1.27 
Singapore 
1.10 
Lebanon 
1.78 
Netherl. 
1.66 
China 
1.54 
Switzer. 
1.46 
Austria 
1.39 
Italy 
1.32 
Bosnia+H. 
1.26 
HongKong 
1.04 
Norway 
1.77 
Belgium 
1.65 
Liechten. 
1.53 
Cyprus 
1.45 
Serbia 
1.39 
Latvia 
1.31 
Czech R. 
1.25 
Macau 
0.91 
Denmark 
1.74 
Thailand 
1.65 
Malta 
1.52 
Georgia 
1.44 
Hungary 
1.39 
Poland 
1.29 
Lithuania 
1.24 
Finland 
1.73 
PuertoR. 
1.62 
Monaco 
1.50 
Croatia 
1.43 
Greece 
1.37 
Slovenia 
1.29 
Korea, S. 
1.22
Communism‘s last decade (1980-1989) has cost 
Poland 1.2 million of the best and the brightest 
(http://focus-migration.hwwi.de/Poland.2810.0.html?&L=1) 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
Between 1980 and 1989, an estimated 1.1 to 1.3 
million Poles have left Poland for good. 
24,000 fewer inhabitants to make TRICITY 
(ca. 2% of Polands population) smarter! 
------------------------------------------------------------
POLES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poles_in_the_United_Kingdom#mediaviewer/File:Polish-born_people_in_employment_in_the_UK_2003-2010_-_chart_2369a_at_statistics_gov_uk.gif). 
POLES IN THE UNITED 
KINGDOM 
>60,711 Polish-born (2001 Census) 
>579,000 Polish-born (2011 Census) 
>850,000 resident Poles (May 2012) 
>637,000 Polish citizens residing in the 
UK for more than 2 months (2013)
POLES IN GERMANY 
Poles with Polish citizenship living 2013 in 
Germany: 
609.855 
(“Ausländische Bevölkerung 2007-2013“; 
destatis.) 
People with ethnic Polish background 2009 in 
Germany: 
1.5 million 
(Sebastian Nagel, Zwischen zwei Welten: 
Kulturelle Strukturen der polnischsprachigen 
Bevölkerung in Deutschland. Analyse und 
Empfehlungen, Stuttgart: Institut für 
Auslandsbeziehungen, 2009, p. 9.)
Just in 2012 Germany welcomed 184,325 Poles 
(173,000 in 2011).[http://www.derwesten.de/wirtschaft/zuwanderung-nach-deutschland-auf-rekordhoehe-id7927281.html]
HOLDERS OF POLISH PASSPORTS LIVING ABROAD (IN MILLION) 
[Polish Ministry of Finance; http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/47717194-4b80-11e2-88b5-00144feab49a.html#axzz3C3oBv7fI] 
• 2011: 2.1 million 
[=45,000 fewer 
inhabitants 
for making 
TRICITY 
smarter!]
If Germany is a reliable indicator for the ratio between 
Polish passport holders living abroad and ethnic Poles living 
abroad (1:2.5) there are some 5.5 million ethnic Poles abroad. 
That is a total loss of ca. 
110,000 smart inhabitants 
that would have made TRICITY smarter.
Qualifications of emigrants from Eastern Europe (Estonia, Latvia, 
Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Chech R., Hungary) 2008 and 2011 
Dark blue: high; light blue: middle; red: low. 
[http://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article131844972/Kluge-Koepfe-machen-um-Deutschland-lieber-einen-Bogen.html]
Emigrants of the 1980s left two siblings behind to secure netto-reproduction. 
Emigrants from 2010 ff. left less than one sibling behind, 
thereby ending netto-reproduction. 
• Poles of the cohorts 1950- 
1960, who have been 
emigrating in the 1980s, 
were born at a time when 
Poland‘s total fertility 
(children in a woman‘s 
lifetime) stood at ca. 
• 3.5 
• Poles of the cohorts 1990- 
1994, who have been 
emigrating 2010-2014, 
were born at a time when 
Poland‘s total fertility 
(children in a woman‘s 
lifetime) stood at ca. 
• 1.7
There Are More Difficult Cases Than Poland
Just Look at Bulgaria and the Baltic States!
Poland’s and Eastern Europe’s Mortal Dangers 
1 Low total fertility (1.2. to 1.4 
children in a woman’s life time). 
2 High elite emigration. 
3 Low attraction for skilled immigrants. 
4 Low innovation (few patents). 
5 No technological leadership to set 
prices. 
6 Low competitiveness 
7 Low quality of aging
GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS 2014 [POLAND: No. 36] 
(http://www.imd.org/news/2014-World-Competitiveness.cfm)
Quality of Aging: Global Ranking 2014 (POLAND: No. 62) 
[http://www.helpage.org/global-agewatch/data/global-rankings-table/]
CAN WE SURVIVE WITHOUT IMMIGRATION? Gunnar Heinsohn

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CAN WE SURVIVE WITHOUT IMMIGRATION? Gunnar Heinsohn

  • 1. SMART CITIES CONGRESS Gdansk, 22-23 October, 2014 Gunnar Heinsohn CAN WE SURVIVE WITHOUT IMMIGRATION?
  • 2. 34 Countries (blue) in OECD (Poland member since 1996) will, in 2020, be short of 18 million high-skilled workers but must pay welfare vor 35 million unemployable people. 2
  • 3. Polish Immigration and Emigration 1960-2006 http://focus-migration.hwwi.de/typo3_upload/groups/3/focus_Migration_Publikationen/Laenderprofile/bilder/Country-profiles/cp-03-poland/grafic2_gr.gif
  • 4. 2011: 56 AGING – “DYING” – NATIONS (TOTAL FERTILITY RATE [=CHILDREN IN AWOMAN’S LIFETIME] BELOW 1.8 (NON-EUROPEANS IN RED; NET REPRODUCTION REQUIRES 2.1) USA 2.06 UK 1.92 Trinidad 1.72 Cuba 1.61 Portuga l 1.50 Estonia 1.43 Armenia 1.36 Moldova 1.28 Japan 1.20 Australia 1.78 Tunisia 1.71 Canada 1.58 Albania 1.47 Bulgaria 1.41 Germany 1.36 Romania 1.27 Taiwan 1.15 Luxembg. 1.78 Sweden 1.67 Macedon . 1.58 Spain 1.47 Russia 1.41 Slovakia 1.36 Ukraine 1.27 Singapore 1.10 Lebanon 1.78 Netherl. 1.66 China 1.54 Switzer. 1.46 Austria 1.39 Italy 1.32 Bosnia+H. 1.26 HongKong 1.04 Norway 1.77 Belgium 1.65 Liechten. 1.53 Cyprus 1.45 Serbia 1.39 Latvia 1.31 Czech R. 1.25 Macau 0.91 Denmark 1.74 Thailand 1.65 Malta 1.52 Georgia 1.44 Hungary 1.39 Poland 1.29 Lithuania 1.24 Finland 1.73 PuertoR. 1.62 Monaco 1.50 Croatia 1.43 Greece 1.37 Slovenia 1.29 Korea, S. 1.22
  • 5. Communism‘s last decade (1980-1989) has cost Poland 1.2 million of the best and the brightest (http://focus-migration.hwwi.de/Poland.2810.0.html?&L=1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Between 1980 and 1989, an estimated 1.1 to 1.3 million Poles have left Poland for good. 24,000 fewer inhabitants to make TRICITY (ca. 2% of Polands population) smarter! ------------------------------------------------------------
  • 6. POLES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poles_in_the_United_Kingdom#mediaviewer/File:Polish-born_people_in_employment_in_the_UK_2003-2010_-_chart_2369a_at_statistics_gov_uk.gif). POLES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM >60,711 Polish-born (2001 Census) >579,000 Polish-born (2011 Census) >850,000 resident Poles (May 2012) >637,000 Polish citizens residing in the UK for more than 2 months (2013)
  • 7. POLES IN GERMANY Poles with Polish citizenship living 2013 in Germany: 609.855 (“Ausländische Bevölkerung 2007-2013“; destatis.) People with ethnic Polish background 2009 in Germany: 1.5 million (Sebastian Nagel, Zwischen zwei Welten: Kulturelle Strukturen der polnischsprachigen Bevölkerung in Deutschland. Analyse und Empfehlungen, Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen, 2009, p. 9.)
  • 8. Just in 2012 Germany welcomed 184,325 Poles (173,000 in 2011).[http://www.derwesten.de/wirtschaft/zuwanderung-nach-deutschland-auf-rekordhoehe-id7927281.html]
  • 9. HOLDERS OF POLISH PASSPORTS LIVING ABROAD (IN MILLION) [Polish Ministry of Finance; http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/47717194-4b80-11e2-88b5-00144feab49a.html#axzz3C3oBv7fI] • 2011: 2.1 million [=45,000 fewer inhabitants for making TRICITY smarter!]
  • 10. If Germany is a reliable indicator for the ratio between Polish passport holders living abroad and ethnic Poles living abroad (1:2.5) there are some 5.5 million ethnic Poles abroad. That is a total loss of ca. 110,000 smart inhabitants that would have made TRICITY smarter.
  • 11. Qualifications of emigrants from Eastern Europe (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Chech R., Hungary) 2008 and 2011 Dark blue: high; light blue: middle; red: low. [http://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article131844972/Kluge-Koepfe-machen-um-Deutschland-lieber-einen-Bogen.html]
  • 12. Emigrants of the 1980s left two siblings behind to secure netto-reproduction. Emigrants from 2010 ff. left less than one sibling behind, thereby ending netto-reproduction. • Poles of the cohorts 1950- 1960, who have been emigrating in the 1980s, were born at a time when Poland‘s total fertility (children in a woman‘s lifetime) stood at ca. • 3.5 • Poles of the cohorts 1990- 1994, who have been emigrating 2010-2014, were born at a time when Poland‘s total fertility (children in a woman‘s lifetime) stood at ca. • 1.7
  • 13. There Are More Difficult Cases Than Poland
  • 14. Just Look at Bulgaria and the Baltic States!
  • 15. Poland’s and Eastern Europe’s Mortal Dangers 1 Low total fertility (1.2. to 1.4 children in a woman’s life time). 2 High elite emigration. 3 Low attraction for skilled immigrants. 4 Low innovation (few patents). 5 No technological leadership to set prices. 6 Low competitiveness 7 Low quality of aging
  • 16. GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS 2014 [POLAND: No. 36] (http://www.imd.org/news/2014-World-Competitiveness.cfm)
  • 17. Quality of Aging: Global Ranking 2014 (POLAND: No. 62) [http://www.helpage.org/global-agewatch/data/global-rankings-table/]