The document discusses the function and history of EEG and describes different brain wave patterns. It summarizes: 1) EEG measures brain waves through electrodes placed on the scalp, detecting voltage fluctuations from neuron action potentials. It uses silver electrodes to obtain accurate readings through the skull and other tissues. 2) There are different brain wave patterns associated with different brain states and sleep stages, including alpha waves during relaxation, beta waves during activity, theta waves during drowsiness, and delta waves during deep sleep. 3) The history of EEG began in 1875 with experiments localizing brain functions, and the first human EEG was recorded in 1924, leading to discoveries of additional wave types and correlations with brain states.