1. The Origin of Species Chapter 24

7. Figure 24.2a The biological species concept is based on interfertility rather than physical similarity

8. Figure 24.2b The biological species concept is based on interfertility rather than physical similarity

11. Mechanical Isolation Fig. 24-4h (f) Bradybaena with shells spiraling in opposite directions

12. Temporal Isolation Fig. 24-4e (c) Eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius) Western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis)

13. Behavioral Isolation Fig. 24-4g (e) Courtship ritual of blue- footed boobies

14. Gametic isolation in sea urchins Fig. 24-4k (g) Sea urchins

16. Reduced Hybrid Fertility Fig. 24-4m (i) Donkey

20. Figure 24.6 Two modes of speciation

21. Figure 24.7 Allopatric speciation of squirrels in the Grand Canyon

22. Figure 24.8 Has speciation occurred during geographic isolation?

24. Sympatric speciation by autopolyploidy in plants

25. Figure 24.15 One mechanism for allopolyploid speciation in plants

26. Fig. 24-UN2 Ancestral species: Triticum monococcum (2 n = 14) AA BB Wild Triticum (2 n = 14) Product: AA BB DD T. aestivum (bread wheat) (2 n = 42) Wild T. tauschii (2 n = 14) DD

30. Fig. 24-13 EUROPE Fire-bellied toad range Hybrid zone Yellow-bellied toad range Yellow-bellied toad, Bombina variegata Fire-bellied toad, Bombina bombina Allele frequency (log scale) Distance from hybrid zone center (km) 40 30 20 20 10 10 0 0.01 0.1 0.5 0.9 0.99

32. Fig. 24-15 Sympatric male pied flycatcher Allopatric male pied flycatcher Pied flycatchers Collared flycatchers Number of females (none) Females mating with males from: Own species Other species Sympatric males Own species Other species Allopatric males 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28

34. Fig. 24-16 Pundamilia nyererei Pundamilia pundamilia Pundamilia “turbid water,” hybrid offspring from a location with turbid water

36. Fig. 24-14-4 Gene flow Population (five individuals are shown) Barrier to gene flow Isolated population diverges Hybrid zone Hybrid Possible outcomes: Reinforcement OR OR Fusion Stability