How To Make Your Testing More Groovy

How to make your Testing
© ASERT 2006-2009

more Groovy
Dr Paul King Craig Smith
paulk@asert.com.au craig.smith@suncorp.com.au
@paulk_asert @smithcdau
ASERT, Australia Suncorp, Australia

Topics
• Why Groovy for Testing?
• Groovy Intro
• Web Drivers
• Test Runners
• Non-web Drivers
• Other Tools
© ASERT 2006-2009

• Going beyond
Focus is on using the Groovy dynamic language
for primarily functional and acceptance testing
with a forward looking perspective. Also considers
polyglot options. The techniques and lessons
learned can be applied to other kinds of testing
and are also applicable to similar languages.
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Topics not covered in detail
• Coverage
– But coverage options available

• Mocking
– But built-in support and many libraries available

• CI Support
© ASERT 2006-2009

– Support in Hudson, Team City, Anthill Pro to call
Groovy
• Code Metrics
– CodeNarc and other tools available
• Build Tools
– Ant, Maven, GMaven, Gant, Gradle, ...

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Topics
 Why Groovy for Testing?
• Groovy Intro
• Web Drivers
– Native Groovy, HttpBuilder, HtmlUnit
WebTest, Watij, Selenium, WebDriver, ...
• Test Runners
© ASERT 2006-2009

– Native Groovy, JUnit, TestNG, Spock, EasyB, JBehave, ...
• Non-web Drivers
– SOAP/REST, Database, FEST, ...
• Other Tools
– SoapUI, ITest2, Sahi, JMeter, Twist, ...
• Going beyond
– Polyglot, Model-driven, Constraint/logic languages, Concurrency

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Why Test With Groovy?

?
© ASERT 2006-2009

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• Wrong first question!
• Perfect second question? 

X
© ASERT 2006-2009

Consider first the task at hand and the
organization and people fit!
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“People Fit” / “Organization Fit”
• People
– Developers (familiarity with languages)
– Testers (tools language familiarity)
– Responsibility to create/run/maintain
– BAs/SMEs (ability to read technical tests)
– Consider both development and maintenance
© ASERT 2006-2009

– Expected feedback from tests (JUnit/Reports)
• Organization
– Maturity level
– Degree of automation
– Tools in use
– Need for adaptability

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• Advantages
– Easy to learn
– Particularly good fit if the application you are testing
is built for the JVM or your developers work with Java
/ JVM languages
– Supports polyglot programming when needed
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– Easy to plug and play different testing tools
– Good community & tools for professional agile
• Disadvantages
– Requires JVM
– Less advantages if your developers using Python,
.Net, PHP
– Maybe your testers already know Ruby
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Scripting/Dynamic Languages
• Advantages
– Lend themselves to succinct code/DSLs
– Powerful
– Increased Refactoring
– Increased Reuse
– Less prone to Brittleness
© ASERT 2006-2009

– Flexibility for tool integration
– Open APIs provide extensibility
• Disadvantages
– Can be too low level (but many options now)
– Sometimes less tool support (but changing now)

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Test Characteristics
• Coverage/Traceability
– Requirement coverage/traceability
– Code coverage: line, branch, path, state
– Transactional Tracing

• Purpose
– Unit, Integration, System, Customer

• Manageability
– Removing duplication
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– Managing lifecycle: shared setUp/tearDown (@Before @After)

• Handling test data
– Data-driven, databases, Spreadsheets, tables, keywords, random, model-driven

• Large Test Volumes
– Speed of feedback, performance testing

• Tool evolution/longevity/cost/support/documentation
– Open Source/Commercial, Critical mass/popularity

• Combinability

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Key Testing Practices
• Use testing DSL’s
• Look to move up the testing stack
– It used to be all about the driver
– Now the driver is hidden in the framework or tool stack
• Apply good testing practices
– Pareto analysis, bug clusters, mutation testing, test early
© ASERT 2006-2009

– All pairs/equivalence partitions/orthogonal array testing
– Risk-based test selection, coding for testability, use CI
– Boundary value analysis, defensive programming
• Plug and play testing tools
– Run different drivers with different runners and different tools
• Complement automated tests with exploration
• Expand testing scope
– Test environment readiness, test deployments
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Groovy and Testing Tool Spectrum*
Utilities Runners
AllPairs, Combinations Native Groovy, JUnit, TestNG, Spock, EasyB,
Polyglot languages JBehave, Cucumber, Robot Framework
Logic programming
Threads, Parallel /
Web Database SOAP / Other
Concurrency libraries
Drivers Drivers REST Drivers
Data-driven libraries
Drivers
Networking libraries WebTest DbUnit FEST
© ASERT 2006-2009

XML Processing GroovyWS
WebDriver DataSets Email
Read/write files /
JWebUnit SqlUnit XML-RPC FTP
Excel / Word / CSV
Reporting, Logging Tellurium groovy.sql CXF AntUnit
Selenium JPA Axis2 Telnet
HtmlUnit JDO JAX-WS SSH
Tools Watij BigTable JAX-RS Exec
iTest2, SoapUI, Twist, HttpBuilder JDBC
IDEs, JMeter, Text Cyberneko
editors, Recorders,
Build Tools, CI

* Tools/libraries/frameworks don't always neatly fall into one category – still useful conceptually AJUG_SEP2009 - 12

Topics
 Groovy Intro
• Web Drivers
• Test Runners
© ASERT 2006-2009

• Non-web Drivers
• Other Tools
• Going beyond

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What is Groovy?
• “Groovy is like a super version
of Java. It can leverage Java's
enterprise capabilities but also
has cool productivity features like closures,
DSL support, builders and dynamic typing.”
© ASERT 2006-2009

Groovy = Java – boiler plate code
+ optional dynamic typing
+ closures
+ domain specific languages
+ builders
+ metaprogramming
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Groovy Goodies Overview
• Fully object oriented
• Closures: reusable
and assignable
pieces of code
• Operators can be • GPath: efficient
overloaded
© ASERT 2006-2009

object navigation
• Multimethods • GroovyBeans
• Literal declaration for • grep and switch
lists (arrays), maps,
ranges and regular • Templates, builder,
expressions swing, Ant, markup,
XML, SQL, XML-RPC,
Scriptom, Grails,
tests, Mocks AJUG_SEP2009 - 15

Growing Acceptance …
A slow and steady start but now gaining in
momentum, maturity and mindshare
Making
Java
Groovy
(soon)

Now free

… Growing Acceptance …
© ASERT 2006-2009

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© ASERT 2006-2009

Groovy and
Grails downloads:
70-90K per month
and growing

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© ASERT 2006-2009

Source: http://www.micropoll.com/akira/mpresult/501697-116746

Source: http://www.grailspodcast.com/
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© ASERT 2006-2009

http://www.jroller.com/scolebourne/entry/devoxx_2008_whiteboard_votes

http://www.java.net
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What alternative JVM language are you using or intending to use
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http://www.leonardoborges.com/writings
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© ASERT 2006-2009

http://it-republik.de/jaxenter/quickvote/results/1/poll/44 (translated using http://babelfish.yahoo.com)
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… Growing Acceptance
© ASERT 2006-2009

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The Landscape of JVM Languages

optional
static
types
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Dynamic features call
for dynamic types Java bytecode calls
for static types

The terms “Java Virtual Machine” and “JVM” mean a Virtual Machine for the Java™ platform.
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Groovy Starter
System.out.println("Hello, World!"); // optional semicolon,
println 'Hello, World!' // System.out, brackets,
// main() method, class defn

def name = 'Guillaume' // dynamic typing
println "$name, I'll get the car." // GString

String longer = """${name}, the car
is in the next row.""" // multi-line string
© ASERT 2006-2009

// with static typing

assert 0.5 == 1/2 // BigDecimal equals()

def printSize(obj) { // optional duck typing
print obj?.size() // safe dereferencing
}

def pets = ['ant', 'bee', 'cat'] // native list syntax
pets.each { pet -> // closure support
assert pet < 'dog' // overloading '<' on String
} // or: for (pet in pets)...
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A Better Java...
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;

class Erase {
private List removeLongerThan(List strings, int length) { This code
List result = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 0; i < strings.size(); i++) {
is valid
String s = (String) strings.get(i); Java and
if (s.length() <= length) {
result.add(s); valid Groovy
}
}
© ASERT 2006-2009

return result;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List names = new ArrayList();
names.add("Ted"); names.add("Fred");
names.add("Jed"); names.add("Ned");
System.out.println(names);
Based on an
Erase e = new Erase(); example by
List shortNames = e.removeLongerThan(names, 3); Jim Weirich
System.out.println(shortNames.size());
for (int i = 0; i < shortNames.size(); i++) { & Ted Leung
String s = (String) shortNames.get(i);
System.out.println(s);
}
}
}
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...A Better Java...
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;

class Erase {
private List removeLongerThan(List strings, int length) { Do the
List result = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 0; i < strings.size(); i++) {
semicolons
String s = (String) strings.get(i); add anything?
result.add(s); And shouldn‟t
}
} we us more
© ASERT 2006-2009

}
return result; modern list
public static void main(String[] args) { notation?
List names = new ArrayList();
names.add("Ted"); names.add("Fred"); Why not
names.add("Jed"); names.add("Ned");
System.out.println(names);
import common
Erase e = new Erase(); libraries?
List shortNames = e.removeLongerThan(names, 3);
System.out.println(shortNames.size());
for (int i = 0; i < shortNames.size(); i++) {
String s = (String) shortNames.get(i);
System.out.println(s);
}
}
}
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...A Better Java...
class Erase {
private List removeLongerThan(List strings, int length) {
List result = new ArrayList()
for (String s in strings) {
result.add(s)
}
}
return result
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
© ASERT 2006-2009

List names = new ArrayList()
names.add("Ted"); names.add("Fred")
names.add("Jed"); names.add("Ned")
System.out.println(names)
Erase e = new Erase()
List shortNames = e.removeLongerThan(names, 3)
System.out.println(shortNames.size())
for (String s in shortNames) {
System.out.println(s)
}
}
}

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...A Better Java...
class Erase {
private List removeLongerThan(List strings, int length) {
List result = new ArrayList()
for (String s in strings) {
result.add(s)
Do we need
} the static types?
}
return result Must we always
}
have a main
public static void main(String[] args) { method and
© ASERT 2006-2009

List names = new ArrayList()
names.add("Ted"); names.add("Fred") class definition?
names.add("Jed"); names.add("Ned")
System.out.println(names) How about
Erase e = new Erase()
List shortNames = e.removeLongerThan(names, 3)
improved
System.out.println(shortNames.size()) consistency?
for (String s in shortNames) {
}
}
}

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...A Better Java...
def removeLongerThan(strings, length) {
def result = new ArrayList()
for (s in strings) {
if (s.size() <= length) {
result.add(s)
}
}
return result
}
© ASERT 2006-2009

names = new ArrayList()
names.add("Ted")
names.add("Fred")
names.add("Jed")
names.add("Ned")
shortNames = removeLongerThan(names, 3)
for (s in shortNames) {
}

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...A Better Java...
def result = new ArrayList()
for (s in strings) {
if (s.size() <= length) {
result.add(s) Shouldn‟t we
}
} have special
return result notation for lists?
}
And special
© ASERT 2006-2009

names = new ArrayList() facilities for
names.add("Ted")
names.add("Fred") list processing?
names.add("Jed") Is „return‟
names.add("Ned")
System.out.println(names) needed at end?
for (s in shortNames) {
}

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...A Better Java...
strings.findAll{ it.size() <= length }
}

names = ["Ted", "Fred", "Jed", "Ned"]
shortNames.each{ System.out.println(s) }
© ASERT 2006-2009

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...A Better Java...
strings.findAll{ it.size() <= length }
}
Is the method
names = ["Ted", "Fred", "Jed", "Ned"] now needed?
shortNames = removeLongerThan(names, 3) Easier ways to
System.out.println(shortNames.size()) use common
shortNames.each{ System.out.println(s) }
methods?
© ASERT 2006-2009

Are brackets
required here?

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...A Better Java...
println names
shortNames = names.findAll{ it.size() <= 3 }
println shortNames.size()
shortNames.each{ println it }
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...A Better Java
println names
shortNames = names.findAll{ it.size() <= 3 }
println shortNames.size()
shortNames.each{ println it }
© ASERT 2006-2009

["Ted", "Fred", "Jed", "Ned"]
3
Ted
Jed
Ned

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Better Lists, Maps, Ranges
• Lists
– Special syntax for list literals
– Additional common methods (operator overloading)
def list = [3, new Date(), 'Jan']
assert list + list == list * 2

• Maps
© ASERT 2006-2009

– Special syntax for map literals
– Additional common methods
def map = [a: 1, b: 2]
assert map['a'] == 1 && map.b == 2

• Ranges
– Special syntax for various kinds of ranges
def letters = 'a'..'z'
def numbers = 0..<10
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Closures
• Traditional mainstream languages
– Data can be stored in variables, passed around,
combined in structured ways to form more complex
data; code stays put where it is defined
• Languages supporting closures
– Data and code can be stored in variables, passed
© ASERT 2006-2009

around, combined in structured ways to form more
complex algorithms and data
doubleNum = { num -> num * 2 }
println doubleNum(3) // => 6

processThenPrint = { num, closure ->
num = closure(num); println "num is $num"
}
processThenPrint(3, doubleNum) // => num is 6
processThenPrint(10) { it / 2 } // => num is 5
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SwingXBuilder

import groovy.swing.SwingXBuilder
© ASERT 2006-2009

import static java.awt.Color.*
import static java.lang.Math.*

def swing = new SwingXBuilder()
def frame = swing.frame(size: [300, 300]) {
graph(plots: [
[GREEN, {value -> sin(value)}],
[BLUE, {value -> cos(value)}],
[RED, {value -> tan(value)}]
])
}.show()
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Topics
• Groovy Intro
 Web Drivers
WebTest, Watij, Selenium, WebDriver
Tellurium, JWebUnit
© ASERT 2006-2009

• Test Runners
• Non-web Drivers
• Other Tools
• Going beyond
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Concept
Manual

HTTP Request / Response

Web Server
© ASERT 2006-2009

Automated Driver

Runner
<webtest name="myTest">

<steps>
<invoke
description="get Login Page"
url="login" />
<verifyTitle
description="we should see the login title"
text="Login Page" /> Read
</steps>
HTTP Request / Response
</webtest>
Script

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Driver Category
• Real browser invoker • Browser Emulators
– Runs on platform – Can simulate multiple
supported by real browsers
browser – Less platform
– May need multiple restrictions
platforms, e.g. IE6/IE7 – Good for CI
© ASERT 2006-2009

– Uses actual JavaScript – Easier to not download
engine images, resources
– Can be easier to use – Ability to optimise
with test recorders JavaScript interactions
– Automation – More extensible
capabilities differ – Ability to disable
across browsers JavaScript
– Can typically get to all – Scope for parallelism
aspects of browser
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Application under Test…
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…Application under Test...
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…Application under Test
© ASERT 2006-2009

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Native Groovy...
• Access URLs
• Built-in XML parsing
• Built-in friendly regular expression syntax
• Even for advanced cases, there is friendly
access to low-level things:
© ASERT 2006-2009

– Sockets, Processes
– Databases and other things
– Files
• Huge range of Java libraries
– PDF
– Reading, writing Excel

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...Native Groovy...
• Useful URL methods

def html = new URL('http://localhost:8080').text

assert html.contains('<title>Welcome to SimpBlog</title>')
© ASERT 2006-2009

html.find(~'<title>(.*)</title>') { all, title ->
assert title == 'Welcome to SimpBlog'
}

• Simple enough for GAE
– For public sites
– Can share test scripts easily
– No setup required
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...Native Groovy...
• Built-in XML Parsing

def page = new
XmlSlurper().parse('http://localhost:8080/viewPost?id=1')

assert page.body.h1.text().contains('Tis the season')
© ASERT 2006-2009

assert page.body.h3[1].text() == 'Category: Home'
assert page.body.h3[2].text() == 'Author: Bart'
assert page.body.table.tr.td.p.text() ==
"Aren't we forgeting the true meaning of Christmas?
You know, the birth of Santa."

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...Native Groovy
• Easy access to Java libraries

@Grab('nekohtml:nekohtml:1.9.6.2')
import org.cyberneko.html.parsers.SAXParser

def parser = new XmlSlurper(new SAXParser())
def page = parser.parse('http://localhost:8080/viewPost?id=1')
© ASERT 2006-2009

assert page.BODY.H1.text().contains('Tis the season')
assert page.BODY.H3[1].text() == 'Category: Home'
assert page.BODY.H3[2].text() == 'Author: Bart'
assert page.BODY.TABLE.TR.TD.P.text() ==
"Aren't we forgeting the true meaning of Christmas? You
know, the birth of Santa."

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HttpBuilder
• Builder for Http interactions
– Flexible: bogus posts, response codes, JSON, non-
HTML
@Grab(group='org.codehaus.groovy.modules.http-builder',
module='http-builder', version='0.5.0-RC1')
import groovyx.net.http.*
import static groovyx.net.http.ContentType.URLENC
© ASERT 2006-2009

def http = new HTTPBuilder('http://localhost:8080')
def postBody = [title:'Bart was here (and so was HttpBuilder)',
content:'Cowabunga Dude!', author:'1', category:'3']
http.post(path:'/addPost', body: postBody,
requestContentType: URLENC) { resp, html ->
assert resp.contentType == 'text/html'
assert resp.status == 200
assert html.BODY.H1.text().matches('Post.*: Bart was here.*')
assert html.BODY.H3[1].text() == 'Category: Home'
assert html.BODY.H3[2].text() == 'Author: Bart'
assert html.BODY.TABLE.TR.TD.P.text() == 'Cowabunga Dude!'
}
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HtmlUnit
• 100% Java-based headless browser emulator
– Can test any Web site: Java, .Net, PHP, Rails, ...
• Open Source
– Apache 2 license
– Hosted at SourceForge
– 7 committers (3 very active)
–
© ASERT 2006-2009

Very mature
• Useful for:
– Integration and acceptance testing
– Screen scraping, deployment automation, ...
• Used by other drivers:
– Canoo WebTest , JWebUnit , WebDriver , JSFUnit , Celerity
• Special features:
– Easy ajax mode, emulation of multiple browsers
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HtmlUnit Features...
• Support for the HTTP and HTTPS protocols
• Support for cookies
• Ability to specify whether failing responses from
the server should throw exceptions or should be
returned as "error" pages
• Support for submit methods POST and GET
© ASERT 2006-2009

– As well as HEAD, DELETE, ...
• Ability to customize the request headers being
sent to the server
• Support for HTML responses
– Wrapper for HTML pages that provides easy access to all
information contained inside them
– Support for submitting forms and clicking links
– Support for walking the DOM model of HTML documents
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...HtmlUnit Features
• Proxy server support
• Support for basic and NTLM authentication
• Excellent JavaScript support
– jQuery 1.2.6: Full support
– MochiKit 1.4.1: Full support
– GWT 1.6.4: Full support
© ASERT 2006-2009

– Sarissa 0.9.9.3: Full support
– MooTools 1.2.1: Full support
– Prototype 1.6.0: Very good support
– Ext JS 2.2: Very good support
– Dojo 1.0.2: Good support
– YUI 2.3.0: Good support

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HtmlUnit: Testing New Blog Post...
@Grab('net.sourceforge.htmlunit:htmlunit:2.6')
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient

def client = new WebClient()
def page = client.getPage('http://localhost:8080/postForm')
// check page title
assert 'Welcome to SimpBlog' == page.titleText
© ASERT 2006-2009

// fill in blog entry and post it
def form = page.getFormByName('post')
form.getInputByName('title').
setValueAttribute('Bart was here (and so was HtmlUnit)')
form.getSelectByName('category').getOptions().find{
it.text == 'Home' }.setSelected(true)
form.getTextAreaByName('content').setText('Cowabunga Dude!')
def result = form.getInputByName('btnPost').click()

...

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...HtmlUnit: Testing New Blog Post

...

// check blog post details
assert result.getElementsByTagName('h1').item(0).
textContent.matches('Post.*: Bart was here.*')
def h3headings = result.getElementsByTagName('h3')
© ASERT 2006-2009

assert h3headings.item(1).textContent == 'Category: Home'
assert h3headings.item(2).textContent == 'Author: Bart'

// expecting:
// <table><tr><td><p>Cowabunga Dude!</p></td></tr></table>
def cell = result.getByXPath('//TABLE//TR/TD')[0]
def para = cell.getFirstChild()
assert para.textContent == 'Cowabunga Dude!'

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Canoo WebTest
• Description
– Open source tool for automated testing of web applications
– Declarative approach in XML or testing DSL in Groovy
– Has Test Recorder
– Excellent reporting options
– Ant-based under the covers
<target name="login" >
<testSpec name="normal" >
© ASERT 2006-2009

&config;
<steps>
<invoke stepid="get Login Page"
url="login.jsp" />
<verifytitle stepid="we should see the login title"
text="Login Page" />
<setinputfield stepid="set user name"
name="username"
value="scott" />
<setinputfield stepid="set password"
name="password"
value="tiger" />
<clickbutton stepid="Click the submit button"
label="let me in" />
<verifytitle stepid="Home Page follows if login ok"
text="Home Page" />
</steps>
</testSpec>
</target>
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Canoo WebTest Features
• Strongly encourages declarative testing
– Supports testing DSLs, test structuring and reuse through
macrodefs and imports for XML flavor &
methods and closures for Groovy flavor
• Extensive support for HTML pages
– Including JavaScript
• Also supports other MIME types
© ASERT 2006-2009

– Generically as binary streams
– Special support for PDF, Excel, Emails
• Ant heritage provides easy IDE/CI hooks
• Excellent Documentation
• Excellent Community
• Eats own dog food
– high quality codebase
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Canoo WebTest Steps...
© ASERT 2006-2009

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...Canoo WebTest Steps...
© ASERT 2006-2009

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...Canoo WebTest Steps...
© ASERT 2006-2009

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...Canoo WebTest Steps
© ASERT 2006-2009

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WebTest: Testing New Blog Post...

<webtest name="Testing Posting a new Blog Entry">
<invoke url="http://localhost:8080/" description="Home Page"/>
<verifyTitle text="Welcome to SimpBlog"/>

<group description="Post New Blog Entry">
<clickLink label="New Blog Entry"/>
© ASERT 2006-2009

<setInputField name="title"
value="Bart was here (and so was WebTest)"/>
<setSelectField name="category" text="School"/>
<setInputField name="content" value="Cowabunga Dude!"/>
<clickButton name="btnPost"/>
</group>
...

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...WebTest: Testing New Blog Post...

...
<group description="Check Blog Post">
<verifyElementText type="h1" regex="true"
text="Post.*: Bart was here.*"/>
<verifyXPath xpath="//h3[2]/text()" text="Category: School"/>
© ASERT 2006-2009

<verifyXPath xpath="//h3[3]/text()" text="Author: Bart"/>
<verifyElementText type="p" text="Cowabunga Dude!"/>
</group>
<groovy>
println "Test run at: ${new Date()}"
</groovy>
</webtest>

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ant.webtest(name: 'Test SimpBlog') {
invoke url: "http://localhost:8080/",
description: "Home Page"
verifyTitle text: "Welcome to SimpBlog"
group description: "Post New Blog Entry", {
clickLink label: "New Blog Entry"
setInputField name: "title",
value: "Bart was here (and so was WebTest with Groovy)"
setSelectField name: "category", text: "School"
© ASERT 2006-2009

setInputField name: "content", value: "Cowabunga Dude!"
clickButton name: "btnPost"
}
group description: "Check Blog Post", {
verifyElementText type: "h1", regex: "true",
text: "Post.*: Bart was here.*"
verifyXPath xpath: "//h3[2]/text()", text: "Category: School"
verifyXPath xpath: "//h3[3]/text()", text: "Author: Bart"
verifyElementText type: "p", text: "Cowabunga Dude!"
}
}

AJUG_SEP2009 - 63

© ASERT 2006-2009

AJUG_SEP2009 - 64

...WebTest: Testing New Blog Post
© ASERT 2006-2009

AJUG_SEP2009 - 65

Firefox Recorder
© ASERT 2006-2009

AJUG_SEP2009 - 66

Watij
• Description
– Java API that provides control and automation of
Internet Explorer
– Supports actions like navigating, clicking links, filling
out forms, etc.
– Also supports more complex actions like file
© ASERT 2006-2009

downloading and uploading, popup windows and
dialogs, and screen captures
• Special Features
– Ability to work with IE interactively
– Can attach to an existing browser session
– Special browser commands, e.g. ie.fullScreen(true)
– Handles child browsers and popup dialogs

AJUG_SEP2009 - 67

Watij Features
• Finders
– tag(String tagName)
– attribute(String name, String value)
– index(int index)
– text(String text)
– name(String value)
– value(String value)
© ASERT 2006-2009

– caption(String value)
– id(String value)
– title(String value)
– alt(String value)
– src(String value)
– action(String value)
– method(String value)
– url(String value)
– href(String value)
– xpath(String expression)
AJUG_SEP2009 - 68

Watij: Testing New Blog Post...
import watij.runtime.ie.IE
import static watij.finders.SymbolFactory.*
import static watij.finders.FinderFactory.*

def ie = new IE()
ie.start('http://localhost:8080/postForm')

// check page title
© ASERT 2006-2009

assert ie.title() == 'Welcome to SimpBlog'

// fill in query form and submit it
ie.textField(name, 'title').
set('Bart was here (and so was Watij)')
ie.textField(name, 'content').set('Cowabunga dude!')
ie.selectList(name, "category").
option(text, "Home").select()
ie.button(name, 'btnPost').click()

...
AJUG_SEP2009 - 69

...Watij: Testing New Blog Post...

...

// check entered post is being displayed
assert ie.htmlElement(tag, 'H1').text().
matches('Post.*: Bart was here.*')
def h3headers = ie.htmlElements(tag, 'H3')
© ASERT 2006-2009

assert h3headers.get(1).text() == 'Category: Home'
assert h3headers.get(2).text() == 'Author: Bart'

// try a more advanced finder
// content is at: //TABLE/TBODY/TR/TD/P
def row = ie.htmlElement(xpath('//TABLE/TBODY/TR'))
assert row.cell(0).htmlElement(tag, 'P').text() ==
'Cowabunga dude!'

ie.close()

AJUG_SEP2009 - 70

...Watij: Testing New Blog Post
© ASERT 2006-2009

AJUG_SEP2009 - 71

Selenium...
• Description
– Tools to help
automate testing
for web-based
applications
– Support for
© ASERT 2006-2009

running tests on
multiple browser
platforms
• Components
– Selenium Core
– Selenium IDE
 Selenium RC Our focus

– Selenium Grid Source: http://seleniumhq.org/projects/remote-control/

AJUG_SEP2009 - 72

...Selenium
© ASERT 2006-2009

Source: http://seleniumhq.org/docs/01_introducing_selenium.html AJUG_SEP2009 - 73

Selenium: Testing New Blog Post...
import com.thoughtworks.selenium.DefaultSelenium
import org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumServer

// start auxiliary server
def server = new SeleniumServer()
server.start()

// uncomment one of below
//def browser = "*iexplore"
© ASERT 2006-2009

//def browser = "*firefox3" // if Firefox already in your path
//def browser = "*firefox3 C:/Program Files/Mozilla Firefox/firefox.exe"
def browser = "*firefox3 C:/Program Files (x86)/Mozilla
Firefox/firefox.exe"

def selenium = new DefaultSelenium("localhost", 4444, browser,
"http://localhost:8080")
selenium.start()

...

AJUG_SEP2009 - 74

...Selenium: Testing New Blog Post
...

// post blog
selenium.open "/postForm"
selenium.type "title", "Bart was here (and so was Selenium)"
selenium.select "category", "Home"
selenium.type "content", "Cowabunga Dude!"
selenium.click "btnPost"
© ASERT 2006-2009

selenium.waitForPageToLoad "5000"

// checks
assert selenium.isTextPresent('regex:Post.*: Bart was here')
assert selenium.isElementPresent('//h3[text()="Author: Bart"]')
assert selenium.isElementPresent('//h3[text()="Category: Home"]')
assert selenium.isElementPresent(
'//table//tr/td/p[text()="Cowabunga Dude!"]')

selenium.stop()
server.stop()

AJUG_SEP2009 - 75

Selenium IDE...

Features:
• Easy record and playback
© ASERT 2006-2009

• Intelligent field selection will use
IDs, names, or XPath as needed
• Autocomplete for all common
Selenium commands
• Walk through tests
• Debug and set breakpoints
• Save tests as HTML, Ruby
scripts, or any other format
• Support for Selenium user-
extensions.js file
• Option to automatically assert the
title of every page

AJUG_SEP2009 - 76

...Selenium IDE
© ASERT 2006-2009

more info: http://limcheekin.blogspot.com/2009/07/behavior-driven-development-generating.html
AJUG_SEP2009 - 77

Selenium Other Tools...
© ASERT 2006-2009

AJUG_SEP2009 - 78

...Selenium Other Tools...
© ASERT 2006-2009

AJUG_SEP2009 - 79

...Selenium Other Tools
© ASERT 2006-2009

Source: http://selenium-grid.seleniumhq.org/how_it_works.html AJUG_SEP2009 - 80

WebDriver
• Description
– Simple API to drive both real browsers
• for testing javascript heavy apps
– and a pure 'in memory' emulator solution
• for faster testing of simpler apps
• uses HtmlUnit under the covers in emulator mode
© ASERT 2006-2009

– Represents next generation of Selenium RC
• though merging into Selenium may happen under the covers
if you are a Selenium user
– Roadmap has plans to leverage some advanced
Selenium like features
• RemoteWebDriver
• FarmedWebDriver (think Selenium Grid)

AJUG_SEP2009 - 81

WebDriver: Testing New Blog Post...
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver

def driver = new HtmlUnitDriver()
driver.get('http://localhost:8080/postForm')
assert driver.title == 'Welcome to SimpBlog'

// fill in query form and submit it
© ASERT 2006-2009

driver.findElement(By.name('title')).
sendKeys('Bart was here (and so was WebDriver)')
driver.findElement(By.name('content')).
sendKeys('Cowabunga dude!')
def select = driver.findElement(By.name('category'))
select.findElements(By.tagName("option")).find{
it.text == 'Home' }.setSelected()
driver.findElement(By.name('btnPost')).click()

...

AJUG_SEP2009 - 82

...WebDriver: Testing New Blog Post

...

assert driver.findElement(By.tagName("h1")).text.
def h3headers = driver.findElements(By.tagName("h3"))
assert h3headers[1].text == 'Category: Home'
© ASERT 2006-2009

assert h3headers[2].text == 'Author: Bart'

// try a more advanced finder
// content is at: //TABLE/TBODY/TR/TD/P
def row = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//table/tbody/tr"))
def col = row.findElement(By.tagName("td"))
def para = col.findElement(By.tagName("p"))
assert para.text == 'Cowabunga dude!'

AJUG_SEP2009 - 83

Tellurium
• Description
– built on top of Selenium but tries to solve several
shortcomings
– "record and reply" style, difficult to refactor and
maintain, so instead define UI components
declaratively then write tests in terms of UI
© ASERT 2006-2009

– Provides many predefined UI objects for you to use
directly, such as Button, CheckBox, InputBox,
Selector, TextBox, and Table but also ability to write
your own custom UI objects
– Supports advanced locating mechanisms: composite
locator, "group locating"
– Supports testing DSL
– Supports data-driven tests
AJUG_SEP2009 - 84

Tellurium Example
• Selenium:
selenium.type("//input[@title='Google Search']", input)
selenium.click("//input[@name='btnG' and @type='submit']")

• Tellurium UI:
ui.Container(uid: "google_start_page",
© ASERT 2006-2009

clocator: [tag: "td"], group: "true") {
InputBox(uid: "searchbox",
clocator: [title: "Google Search"])
SubmitButton(uid: "googlesearch",
clocator: [name: "btnG", value: "Google Search"])
}

• Tellurium DSL Test:
type "google_start_page.searchbox", input
click "google_start_page.googlesearch"
AJUG_SEP2009 - 86

Tellurium: Testing New Blog Post...
ui.UrlLink(uid: "create_new_post",
clocator: [tag:'a', text: "New Blog Entry"])

ui.Form(uid: "blogform",
clocator: [tag: 'form', name:'post'], group: "true") {
InputBox(uid: "title", clocator: [name: "title"])
InputBox(uid: "content", clocator: [tag:'textarea', name: "content"])
Selector(uid: "category", clocator: [name: "category"])
Selector(uid: "author", clocator: [name: "author"])
© ASERT 2006-2009

SubmitButton(uid: "post_button",
clocator: [name: 'btnPost', value: "Create Post"])
}

ui.TextBox(uid: 'main_header', clocator: [tag: 'h1'])
ui.TextBox(uid: 'category_header', clocator: [tag: 'h3', position: '2'])
ui.TextBox(uid: 'author_header', clocator: [tag: 'h3', position: '3'])
ui.Container(uid: 'table', clocator: [tag: 'table']) {
ui.TextBox(uid: 'content_para', locator: '//tr/td/p')
}

AJUG_SEP2009 - 87

...Tellurium: Testing New Blog Post
openUrl "http://localhost:8080/"
click "create_new_post"
waitForPageToLoad 5000
assert title == 'Welcome to SimpBlog'

// post blog
type "blogform.title", "Bart was here (and so was Tellurium)"
selectByLabel "blogform.category", "Home"
© ASERT 2006-2009

selectByLabel "blogform.author", "Bart"
type "blogform.content", "Cowabunga Dude!"
click "blogform.post_button"
waitForPageToLoad 5000

// check contents
assert getText('main_header').matches('Post.*: Bart was here.*')
assert getText('category_header') == 'Category: Home'
assert getText('author_header') == 'Author: Bart'
assert getText('table.content_para') == 'Cowabunga Dude!'
shutDown

AJUG_SEP2009 - 88

JWebUnit...
• Description
– Java-based testing framework for web applications
– Intention is to provide a high-level "driver" Java API
– Wraps existing testing frameworks such as HtmlUnit
and Selenium with a unified, simple testing interface
– Support includes navigation via links, form entry and
© ASERT 2006-2009

submission, validation of table contents, and other
verification steps
– Includes some runner capabilities
– Useful in that it allows you to switch between
different lower level drivers without re-writing your
tests

AJUG_SEP2009 - 90

JWebUnit: Testing New Blog Post
import net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.*

class TestSimpBlog extends WebTestCase {
void setUp() { setBaseUrl("http://localhost:8080") }

void testPostBlog() {
beginAt "/postForm"
assertTitleEquals "Welcome to SimpBlog"
setTextField "title", "Bart was here (and so was JWebUnit)"
© ASERT 2006-2009

setTextField "content", "Cowabunga Dude!"
selectOption "category", "Home"
clickButtonWithText "Create Post"
assert getElementByXPath('//H1').textContent.
def h3headings = getElementsByXPath('//H3')
assert h3headings[1].textContent == "Category: Home"
assert h3headings[2].textContent == "Author: Bart"
def cell = getElementByXPath('//TABLE//TR/TD')
assert cell.children[0].textContent == 'Cowabunga Dude!'
}
}
AJUG_SEP2009 - 92

Topics
• Groovy Intro
• Web Drivers
 Test Runners
© ASERT 2006-2009

– Native Groovy, JUnit, TestNG, Spock, EasyB, JBehave,
Cucumber, Robot Framework, FitNesse/Slim
• Non-web Drivers
• Other Tools
• Going beyond
AJUG_SEP2009 - 93

Native Groovy
• Groovy has a friendly ‘==‘
• Built-in assert
• Scripts are low ceremony
• By utilising @Grab are easy to share
• Many in-built testing capabilities are
© ASERT 2006-2009

accessible even from scripts
• Easy to version control or treat like
operating system scripts
• Out of the box detection of JUnit and
TestNG tests

AJUG_SEP2009 - 94

Built-in JUnit 3...
• Groovy distributions up to 1.6.X include JUnit 3
• Automatically invokes text runner
• Example uses HtmlUnit driver
class TestSimpBlogJUnit extends TestCase {
def page

void setUp() {
© ASERT 2006-2009

page = new WebClient().getPage('http://localhost:8080/postForm')
assert 'Welcome to SimpBlog' == page.titleText
}

void testBartWasHere() {
// fill in blog entry and post it
form.getInputByName('title').setValueAttribute('Bart was here (and
form.getSelectByName('category').getOptions().find { it.text == 'H
...
AJUG_SEP2009 - 95

...Built-in JUnit 3...
...
form.getInputByName('title').setValueAttribute(
'Bart was here (and so was HtmlUnit)')
form.getSelectByName('category').getOptions().find {
it.text == 'Home' }.setSelected(true)

© ASERT 2006-2009

assert result.getElementsByTagName('h1').item(0).
textContent.matches('Post.*: Bart was here.*')
assert h3headings.item(1).textContent == 'Category: Home'
assert h3headings.item(2).textContent == 'Author: Bart'

// expecting: <table><tr><td><p>Cowabunga Dude!</p></td></tr></tab
def para = cell.getFirstChild()
}
}
AJUG_SEP2009 - 96

GroovyTestCase Tests
• Like JUnit but with some enhancements
– Additional assert methods
– fewer imports
– clean shouldFail syntax

class TestSimpBlogGUnit extends GroovyTestCase {
© ASERT 2006-2009

def page

void setUp() {
// ...
}

void testBartWasHere() {
// ...
...

AJUG_SEP2009 - 98

JUnit 4.X
• Groovy distributions from 1.7 include JUnit 4
• Automatically invokes text runner if needed
• Example uses HtmlUnit driver (not shown)
import org.junit.*
class TestSimpBlogJUnit4 {
© ASERT 2006-2009

def page
@Before
void setUp() {
// ...
}
@Test
void bartWasHere() {
// ...
AJUG_SEP2009 - 99

JUnit 4.X Parameterized Tests
@RunWith(Parameterized)
class TestSimpBlogJUnit4DD {
def page, author, title, category, content

TestSimpBlogJUnit4DD(author, title,
category, content) {
this.author = author
this.title = title
© ASERT 2006-2009

this.category = category
this.content = content
}

@Parameters static data() {
return [
['Bart', 'Title 1', 'Home', 'Content 1'],
['Homer', 'Title 2', 'Work', 'Content 2'],
['Marge', 'Title 3', 'Food', 'Content 3']
].collect{ it as String[] }
}
...
AJUG_SEP2009 - 100

TestNG
• Groovy automatically invokes text runner if run
as a script
• Example shows grouping, driver not shown

import org.testng.annotations.*

class TestSimpBlogTestNG {
© ASERT 2006-2009

def page

@BeforeClass
void setUp() {
// ...
}

@Test(groups = [ "slow" ])
void bartWasHere() {
// ...

AJUG_SEP2009 - 101

TestNG Data Driven
import org.testng.annotations.*

class TestSimpBlogTestNGDD {
// ...

@DataProvider(name='SimpBlogDataProvider')
Object[][] data() {
© ASERT 2006-2009

return [
['Bart', 'Title 1', 'Home', 'Content 1'],
['Homer', 'Title 2', 'Work', 'Content 2'],
['Marge', 'Title 3', 'Food', 'Content 3']
].collect{ it as Object[] } as Object[]
}

@Test(dataProvider = "SimpBlogDataProvider")
void bartWasHere(author, title, category, content) {
// ...

AJUG_SEP2009 - 102

...Spock Testing Framework
• Testing framework for Java and Groovy
• Highly expressive specification language
– No assertion API
– No record &
replay @Speck
mocking API @RunWith(Sputnik)
– No class PublisherSubscriberSpeck {
superfluous def "events are received by all subscribers"() {
© ASERT 2006-2009

annotations def pub = new Publisher()
– Meaningful def sub1 = Mock(Subscriber)
assert error def sub2 = Mock(Subscriber)
messages pub.subscribers << sub1 << sub2

when:
pub.send("event")

then:
– Extensible 1 * sub1.receive("event")
– Compatible 1 * sub2.receive("event")
with JUnit }
reportingwise }
AJUG_SEP2009 - 104

Spock Example...
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient
import spock.lang.*
import org.junit.runner.RunWith

@Speck ()
@RunWith (Sputnik)
class TestSimpBlogSpock {
def page, subheadings, para, form, result

@Unroll("When #author posts a #category blog with content '#content' it shoul
© ASERT 2006-2009

def "when creating a new blog entry"() {
given:
page = new WebClient().getPage('http://localhost:8080/postForm')
form = page.getFormByName('post')

when:
form.getInputByName('title').setValueAttribute("$author was here (and so
form.getSelectByName('category').getOptions().find { it.text == category
form.getSelectByName('author').getOptions().find { it.text == author }.se
form.getTextAreaByName('content').setText(content)
result = form.getInputByName('btnPost').click()
subheadings = result.getElementsByTagName('h3')
para = result.getByXPath('//TABLE//TR/TD/P')[0]
...
AJUG_SEP2009 - 105

...Spock Example
...
then:
page.titleText == 'Welcome to SimpBlog'
result.getElementsByTagName('h1').item(0).textContent.matches("Post.*: $auth
subheadings.item(1).textContent == "Category: $category"
subheadings.item(2).textContent == "Author: $author"

and:
// Optional use of 'and:'
para.textContent == content
© ASERT 2006-2009

where:
author << ['Bart', 'Homer', 'Lisa']
category << ['Home', 'Work', 'Food']
content << ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
}
}

AJUG_SEP2009 - 106

EasyB
• Description: BDD, Rspec-like testing library
narrative 'segment flown', {
as_a 'frequent flyer'
i_want 'to accrue rewards points for every segment I fly'
so_that 'I can receive free flights for my dedication to the airline'
}

scenario 'segment flown', {
given 'a frequent flyer with a rewards balance of 1500 points'
© ASERT 2006-2009

when 'that flyer completes a segment worth 500 points'
then 'that flyer has a new rewards balance of 2000 points'
}

scenario 'segment flown', {
given 'a frequent flyer with a rewards balance of 1500 points', {
flyer = new FrequentFlyer(1500)
}
when 'that flyer completes a segment worth 500 points', {
flyer.fly(new Segment(500))
}
then 'that flyer has a new rewards balance of 2000 points', {
flyer.pointsBalance.shouldBe 2000
}
} AJUG_SEP2009 - 107

EasyB Example ...
• When run will be marked as pending
– perfect for ATDD

scenario "Bart posts a new blog entry", {
given "we are on the create blog entry page"
when "I have entered 'Bart was here' as the title"
and "I have entered 'Cowabunga Dude!' into the content"
and "I have selected 'Home' as the category"
© ASERT 2006-2009

and "I have selected 'Bart' as the author"
and "I click the 'Create Post' button"
then "I expect the entry to be posted"
}

AJUG_SEP2009 - 108

...EasyB Example...
description "Post Blog Entry Feature"

narrative "for feature", {
as_a "Blogger"
i_want "to be able to post a blog"
so_that "I can keep others informed"
}

before "posting blog", {
given "we are on the create blog entry page", {
© ASERT 2006-2009

webClient = new com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient()
page = webClient.getPage('http://localhost:8080/postForm')
}
}

scenario "Bart was here blog", {

when "I have entered 'Bart was here' as the title", {
form = page.getFormByName('post')
form.getInputByName('title').setValueAttribute(
'Bart was here (and so was EasyB)')
}

...
AJUG_SEP2009 - 109

...EasyB Example...
...
and "I have entered 'Cowabunga Dude!' into the content", {
}

and "I have selected 'Home' as the category", {
form.getSelectByName('category').getOptions().find { it.text == 'Home' }.setSelected(
}

and "I click the 'Create Post' button", {
result = form.getInputByName('btnPost').click()
}
© ASERT 2006-2009

then "I expect the entry to be posted", {
assert result.getElementsByTagName('h1').item(0).textContent.matches('Post.*: Bart wa
assert h3headings.item(1).textContent == 'Category: Home' // traditional style
h3headings.item(2).textContent.shouldBe 'Author: Bart' // BDD style

// expecting: <table><tr><td><p>Cowabunga Dude!</p></td></tr></table>
def para = cell.firstChild
// para.shouldHave textContent: 'Cowabunga Dude!'
}
}

AJUG_SEP2009 - 110

...EasyB Example
2 scenarios (including 1 pending) executed successfully.

Story: simp blog initial

scenario Bart posts a new blog entry [PENDING]
given we are on the create blog entry page
when I have entered 'Bart was here' as the title
when I have entered 'Cowabunga Dude!' into the content [PENDING]
when I have selected 'Home' as the category [PENDING]
when I have selected 'Bart' as the author [PENDING]
when I click the 'Create Post' button [PENDING]
then I expect the entry to be posted [PENDING]

Story: simp blog easyb is preparing to process 2 file(s)
© ASERT 2006-2009

Post Blog Entry Feature Running simp blog initial story (SimpBlogInitialStory.groovy)
for feature Scenarios run: 1, Failures: 0, Pending: 1, Time elapsed: 1.049 sec
As a Blogger Running simp blog story (SimpBlogStory.groovy)
I want to be able to post a blog Scenarios run: 1, Failures: 0, Pending: 0, Time elapsed: 1.356 sec
So that I can keep others informed
given we are on the create blog entry page 2 total behaviors ran (including 1 pending behavior) with no failures
easyb execution passed
scenario Bart was here blog
when I have entered 'Bart was here' as the title
when I have entered 'Cowabunga Dude!' into the content
when I have selected 'Home' as the category
when I click the 'Create Post' button
then I expect the entry to be posted

AJUG_SEP2009 - 112

Cucumber
# language: en
• Description Feature: Addition
In order to avoid silly mistakes
– Loose coupling As a math idiot
between text spec I want to be told the sum of two numbers

and step defns Scenario Outline: Add two numbers
Given I have entered <input_1> into the calculator
And I have entered <input_2> into the calculator
When I press <button>
Then the stored result should be <output>

Examples:
© ASERT 2006-2009

| input_1 | input_2 | button | output |
| 20 | 30 | add | 50 |
| 2 | 5 | add | 7 |
| 0 | 40 | add | 40 |
# language: en
Feature: Division
In order to avoid silly mistakes
Cashiers must be able to calculate a fraction

Scenario: Regular numbers
Given I have entered 3 into the calculator
And I have entered 2 into the calculator
When I press divide
Then the stored result should be 1.5
AJUG_SEP2009 - 113

How To Make Your Testing More Groovy

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