1. By: CALIE RAWLINS Assessment Study Guide

2. Context Clues Definition-Words that surround an unknown word to help know the meaning of that word. Ex.- Sam likes exotic foods: vegetables and herbs from China, spices from India, olives from Greece, and cheeses from France. In this sentence you know the word exotic means rare or from other places because of all the different places listed.

3. Figurative Language Similes Definition-An expression comparing two things using like or as. Ex.-The Mad Hatters hair was as red as an apple. Metaphors Definition- An expression comparing two things NOT using like or as. Ex.-Your room is a pig sty Analogies Definition-Drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity. Ex.- Imagery Definition-When text helps you have a mental image or picture. Ex.-The rain was coming down so hard I couldn’t see 3 feet in front of me. Onomatopoeia Definition-Words used to imitate sounds Ex.-POW, BAM

4. Figurative Language Personification Definition-Making an inanimate object have human like characteristics. Ex.- The brave little toaster, all the characters were appliances that could talk and walk. Hyperbole Definition-An extreme exaggeration Ex.-There was an million different kinds of gum to choose from. Idiom Definition-A figure of speech not meant to be taken literally Ex.-Go fly a kite. Symbolism Definition-An object that symbolizes something else. Ex.-A heart symbolizes love

5. Text Structures Sequence Definition-Events that follow each other in time. Ex.-first the snow fell, then school got canceled, after that the kids went snowboarding. Problem/Solution Definition-when there is a major problem and later on it is resolved. Ex.-in the movie the sandlot , the kids lose the signed ball and at the end of the movie they get it back and become friends with the evil dog and his owner. Comparison/Contrast Definition-Showing similarities and differences between 2 or more objects. Ex.-Venn Diagram, it compares in the both section and contrasts in the other sides. Description Definition-describing something with great detail. Ex.-The moon was as bright as the sun on that dark December night. Cause/Effect Definition-when one event causes something else to happen. Ex.-Because the boys told on Jake he got suspended for a week.

6. Summary Definition-An overview of the original story in a shorted form that talks about the main points of the story. Ex.-In the story the Ugly Duckling, a summary would be an ugly duckling was born and rejected by multiple families, a family of swans finally accepted him and when his old family saw they wanted him back but he stayed with the swans.

7. Topic/Main idea Supporting Details Definition-Details of a story that support the main topic(s). Ex.- " Many schools throughout the U.S. force students grades kindergarten through twelfth to wear uniforms. Students who attend public schools should not have to wear uniforms for four reasons. (This is the main idea) 1. School uniforms inhibit students EUR(TM) individuality. Young people often express their feelings through the clothing that they wear. Uniforms will take away this form of expression. Why should school districts try to make everyone look the same? 2. A school uniform policy inhibits a student's freedom of choice. Schools teach students that our country is a free one. But when school boards make students wear what they tell them too-- it curtails the students' freedom. 3. There is the issue of cost. Many parents shop for their children's clothes at used and discount stores. Uniforms can cost more money than these families might be able to afford. Also, these students would need to buy additional clothing to wear after school and on the weekends. That's double the amount of money a family would spend than they would without the uniforms. 4. The last reason I do not enjoy the thought of school uniforms is comfort. Students enjoy wearing comfortable clothing to school. Uniforms are not necessarily comfortable. Also, wearing a uniform might make the student uncomfortable around people outside the school who don't have to wear a uniform. (These are the supporting details).

8. Topic/Main idea Theme Definition-The moral or life story behind the story. Ex.-In the movie the ugly duckling he finds a family that doesn’t care what he looks like and its also about not judging a book by its cover because you should get to know the person, in the end his old family wanted him back

9. Author’s Purpose Definition-What the author wants you to feel or do. Ex.- From the article from slide 7. The author is trying to persuade you to not have school uniforms.

10. Literary Devices Foreshadowing Definition-Hints at future events in the story. Ex.-in the movie Titanic when they say the ship is unsinkable it hints that its going to sink, and when they get the ice burg report and speed up, its also a sign that its going to sink. Flashback Definition-Going back and showing something that happened before. Ex.- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NXcafEJI4Nc It flashes back to what the Titanic once was. Irony Definition-Contrary to plan or expectations. Ex.- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYYq7vGiLMw At the very end of the video it shows irony when the ugly duckling stays with the swans.

11. Persuasive Techniques Bandwagon Definition-Using the “everyone is doing it” effect Ex.- Everybody need an iphone so do you. Statistics Definition-using actual facts and statistics. Ex.- 4 out of 5 dentists recommend Crest Pro health. Testimonial Definition-getting a well known person to support your product. Ex.- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1vl5-6Axi4

12. Glittering generalities Definition-making something sound better than it is. Ex. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0eN9KP6lOZs Emotional Appeal Definition-when an ad pulls at your heart strings. Ex.- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gspElv1yvc

13. Characters Protagonist Definition-The main character the one that has a problem that needs to be solved. Ex.-little red ridding hood Antagonist Definition-The problem causer of the story, the one doing all of the antagonizing. Ex.-The big bad wolf

14. Setting Definition-Where the story takes place. Ex.-The woods and Granny’s house in little red ridding hood.

15. Plot Problem/Conflict Definition-the struggle within the story. Man vs. Man, Man vs. Self, Man vs. Nature. Ex.-In the movie Titanic Jack and Rose are in love but Rose is engaged. Rising Action Definition-The events in the story that lead up to the climax. Ex.-Jack saves Rose from falling off the ship, They have dinner, She sneaks off to spend time with him ect. Subplots Definition-A story within a story. Ex.-The movie Titanic how its showing the past through the old woman telling her story, but then there are the people looking for the heart of the ocean in present time. Resolution Definition-The solution to the problem Ex.-Rose takes Jacks name after the ship sinks.

16. Plot Climax Definition-The most exciting part of the story. Ex.- Falling Action Definition-The events after the climax that lead to the resolution of the story Ex.- Parallel Episodes Definition-something that occurs multiple time in the story in the same way. Ex.-In the story the ugly duckling, he keeps getting rejected by families, and he keeps getting chased off.

17. Fact vs. Opinion Definition-Fact is when something is true and can be proven. Opinion is what someone thinks and varies by person. Ex.-The sky is blue is a fact but, cherries are the best is an opinion because everybody may not think that.

18. Bias Definition-an influence in an unfair way. Ex.- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHSAaGZyZdY&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fhwH04Hl_G4&feature=related