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1. Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
help.mbaassignments@gmail.com
or
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[ SUMMER 2015 ] ASSIGNMENT
PROGRAM MCA(REVISED FALL 2012)
SEMESTER 4
SUBJECT CODE & NAME MCA4040- ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ALGORITHM
CREDIT 4
BK ID B1480
MARKS 60
Answer all questions
Q. 1. Write the steps involved in analyzing the efficiency of non-recursive algorithms.
Answer:The studyof algorithmsiscalledalgorithmics.Itis more than a branch of computer science.
It is the core of computer science and is said to be relevant to most of science, business and
technology.Analgorithmisasequence of unambiguous instructions for solving a problem, i.e., for
obtaining a required output for any legitimate input in finite amount of time.
The three algorithms used to find the gcd of two numbers are
 Euclid’s algorithm
 Consecutive integer
Q. 2. Define selection sort and explain how to implement the selection sort?
Answer:Incomputerscience,selectionsortisa sortingalgorithm, specificallyanin-place comparison
sort. Ithas O(n2) time complexity,makingitinefficient on large lists, and generally performs worse
than the similar insertion sort. Selection sort is noted for its simplicity, and it has performance
advantages over more complicated algorithms in certain situations, particularly where auxiliary
memory is limited.
The algorithmdividesthe inputlistintotwoparts:the sublist of items already sorted, which is built
up from left to right at the front (left) of the list, and

2. Q. 3. Define Topological sort. And explain with example.
Answer:In computer science, a topological sort (sometimes abbreviated topsort or toposort) or
topological ordering of a directed graph is a linear ordering of its vertices such that for every
directed edge uv from vertex u to vertex v, u comes before v in the ordering. For instance, the
verticesof the graphmay representtaskstobe performed,andthe edgesmayrepresentconstraints
that one task mustbe performedbefore another; in this application, a topological ordering is just a
valid sequence for the tasks. A topological ordering is possible if and only if the graph has no
directed cycles, that is, if it is a directed acyclic
Q. 4. Explain good-suffix and bad-character shift in Boyer-Moore algorithm.
Answer:In computer science, the Boyer–Moore string search algorithm is an efficient string
searching algorithm that is the standard benchmark for practical string search literature. It was
developed by Robert S. Boyer and J Strother Moore in 1977. The algorithm preprocesses the string
beingsearchedfor(the pattern),butnotthe stringbeingsearchedin(the text).Itisthuswell-suited
for applications in which the pattern is much shorter than the text or where it persists across
multiple searches. The Boyer-Moore algorithm uses information gathered during the preprocess
step to skip sections of the text, resulting in a lower constant factor than many other string
algorithms. In general, the algorithm runs faster
Q. 5. Solve the Knapsack problem using memory functions.
Item 1 2 3 4
Weight 2 6 4 8
Value (in Rs.) 12 16 30 40
Knapsack capacity is given as W=12. Analyze the Knapsack problem using memory functions with
the help of the values given above.
Answer:The classical Knapsack Problem (KP) can be described as follows. We are given a set
N={1,…,n} of items, each of them with positive profit pj and positive weight wj, and a knapsack
capacityc. The problemasksfor a subsetof itemswhose total weightdoesnot exceed the knapsack
capacity, and whose profit is a maximum. It can be formulated as the following Integer Linear
Program (ILP):
(KP)max∑j∈Npjxj(1)
Q. 6. Describe Variable Length Encoding and Huffman Encoding.
Answer:Variable Length Encoding:In coding theory a variable-length code is a code which maps
source symbols to a variable number of bits.Variable-length codes can allow sources to be
compressed and decompressed with zero error (lossless data compression) and still be read back

3. symbol bysymbol.Withthe rightcodingstrategyan independentandidentically-distributed source
may be compressedalmost arbitrarily close to its entropy. This is in contrast to fixed length coding
methods,forwhichdatacompressionisonlypossible for large blocks of data, and any compression
beyond the logarithm of the total number of possibilities comes with a finite (though perhaps
arbitrarily small) probability of failure.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
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