Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a marine renewable energy technology that converts solar radiation to electrical power by the temperature difference between the deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface water.

1. OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION
By- SNEHANSHU DAS
7th SEM, B.TECH

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION
 TYPES OF OTEC SYSTEM
 APPLICATIONS
 BENEFITS & DRAWBACKS OF OTEC
 FUTURE PROSPECTS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
• Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a marine renewable energy technology that
converts solar radiation to electrical power by using the temperature difference between
deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface water.
• Oceans cover more than 70% of Earth’s surface and captures a large part of the sun’s heat,
making them the world’s largest solar energy collector.

4. HISTORY
• In 1881, Jacques Arsene d'Arsonval, a French physicist discovered tapping thermal
energy of the ocean.
• Georges Claude, built the first OTEC plant in Cuba in 1930.
• Tokyo Electric Power Company built & deployed a 120 kW closed-cycle OTEC
plant in 1981 on the Nauru island near south pacific ocean.
• In 2002, India successfully tested a 1MW OTEC plant near Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu.

5. OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION
• Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is
an electricity generation system..
• In equatorial areas the temperature between
the warm surface water and the deep cold
ocean water differs by about 20°C.
• Bigger the temperature difference, the higher
will be the efficiency.
• Power is converted to high voltage DC, and is
cabled to shore for conversion to AC and
integration into the local power distribution
network.

6. MAIN COMPONENTS OF OTEC SYSTEM
• Water pipes (20inch radius)
• Heat exchanger ( Evaporator & Condenser)
• Turbine
• Generator

7. TYPES OF OTEC SYSTEM
There are three types OTEC system:
I. Closed or Anderson Cycle OTEC System
II. Open or Claude Cycle OTEC System
III. Hybrid Cycle OTEC System

8. • In the closed cycle, a working fluid, such as
ammonia, is pumped through a heat
exchanger (evaporator) and vaporized.
• This vaporized steam spins a turbine.
• The cold water found at the depths of the
ocean condenses the vapor back to a fluid
where it returns to the heat exchanger
(condenser).
• Evaporated fluids expands in turbine,
which runs a generator to produce power.
• Boiling point of ammonia is (-33°C).
CLOSED CYCLE OTEC SYSTEM

9. CLOSED CYCLE OTEC SYSTEM

10. OPEN CYCLE OTEC SYSTEM
• In open-cycle, the sea water is itself used to generate
heat without any kind of intermediate fluid.
• Warm seawater is expanded rapidly in a vacuum
chamber where some of it 'flashes' to steam.
• This steam is used to drive a steam turbine.
• From the exhaust of the turbine, the vapor is condensed
using cold seawater.
• Vapor expands and spins a turbine coupled to a turbo-
generator to produce current.

11. SCHEMATIC OF OPEN CYCLE

12. HYBRID CYCLE OTEC SYSTEM
• A hybrid cycle combines the features of the closed- and
open-cycle systems.
• Warm seawater enters a vacuum chamber and is flash-
evaporated, similar to the open-cycle evaporation process.
• The steam vaporizes ammonia, working fluid of a closed-
cycle on the other side of an ammonia vaporizer.
• Vaporized fluid drives a turbine to produce electrical power.
• This fluid leaves the condenser and is pumped to the
evaporator to repeat the cycle.

13. HYBRID CYCLE OTEC SYSTEM

14. APPLICATIONS OF OTEC
• Air-conditioning
• Aquaculture
• Desalinating Water
• Mineral Extraction
• Power Generation
• Refrigeration

15. BENEFITS
 Economic Benefits:
• Continuous supply of electricity throughout the year
• Reduced capital expense to power companies
• Life cycle cost savings
 Environmental Benefits:
• Reduces dependence on fossil fuels
• Zero emissions and it saves nearly 7000 tons CO2 a year per MW.

16. DRAWBACKS
• The initial cost of setting up an OTEC project is quite high.
• The maintenance cost is more since the components are subjected to a large
amount to destructive forces of nature.
• Construction of OTEC plants and lying of pipes may effect marine ecosystem.

17. FUTURE PROSPECTS
 OTEC Technology has the potential to be integrated with other
commercial systems and products (e.g.- potable water and hydrogen).
 Energy and Economics can be enhanced by employing super efficient
Hybrid Cycle OTEC system.

18. CONCLUSION
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion is a potential source of renewable energy
that creates no emissions. It is fuel free. If proper research and development
is carried on in this field we can satisfactorily fulfil the needs of the people
and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels which contributes to large part of
our energy requirement but is bound to be exhausted in a few years.

19. REFERENCES
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_thermal_energy_conversion
• https://www.makai.com/ocean-thermal-energy-conversion/
• http://www.livescience.com/3155-energy-debates-ocean-thermal-energy-conversion.html
• http://coolmyplanet.org/otec/
• http://www.otecnews.org/what-is-otec/

20. Thank You!