AP ART HISTORY : Other Art Styles of the Late Nineteenth Century. Art Nouveau, Arts and Crafts Movement, Austrian Secession, Symbolism. Artists, architects: Redon, Moreau, Rousseau, Carpeaux, Horta, Gaudi, Tiffany, Klimt

1. Other Art Styles of the
Late Nineteenth Century
AP ART HISTORY
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2. OVERVIEW
 Society changed rapidly during the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries
 The Second Industrial Revolution ocurred when new
technologies were developed in the areas of steel production,
chemicals and power communications.
 Due to advances in medicine and agriculture, Europe population
rose from 193 million in 1800 to 423 million in 1900!
 During this time period, more people lived in cities than in rural
areas of Europe.
 The art of this period is part of the FIN DE SIECLE (end of the
century, end of era) culture and is characterized by a sense of
decadence combined with excitement and despair over the
impending changes.
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3. SYMBOLISM
 The symbolists were modern advances in science and
technology.
 Their work is characterized by the following:
 A fascination with the inner world of fantasy
 An emphasis on imagination over the copying of nature
 An interest in depicting mythological stories and characters
Many twentieth century artists were inspired by the work of the
symbolists.
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4. Odilon Redon: The Cyclops (oil on
canvas ,1914)
• While the impressionists
were experimenting with
the optics of light, Redon
was working from his
imagination.
• In the 1880s he became
the leader of the new
movement called
symbolism.
• In this painting, Redon
uses the loose brushstroke
and bright colors of
impressionists to depict
mythical creature.
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5. Gustave Moreu: Jupiter and
Semele (oil on canvas, 1894-1895)
This painting depicts the death
of Semele, who was a mortal
lover of Jupiter. She asked that
he reveal himself in his true form
and then died as a result.
The work is inspired by
Byzantine mosaics, Indian
miniature paintings.
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6. Henri Rousseau – The Sleeping
Gypsy (oil on canvas, 1897)
Rousseau was a self
taught painter who was
inspired by the
illustrations found in the
books of children.
This work depicts a
sleeping mandolin player
who is unaware of the
danger posed by the lion.
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7. Edvard Munch, The Scream or The
Cry (casein and tempera on paper,
1893)
• Munch was a Norwegian
whose psychological and
emotional artworks were a
major influence on the
development of German
Expressionism and early
twentieth century art
movement.
• He was deeply influenced by
the writings of Fyodor
Dostoyevsky.
• This piece was part of a
series he created on the life
of the soul. It comes near the
end of the cycle and
represents the height of
anxiety, the souls final
breaking point.
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8. SCULPTURE
In the late nineteenth century,
sculpture was not considered to be in
line with the avant garde movements.
Most sculptures of the period were
used as monuments and were still
Neoclassical in style. However, a few
artists tried to make sculpture modern.
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9. Jean Baptiste Carpeaux, Count
Ugolino and His Sons (marble,
1865)
This sculpture illustrates a section
of Dantes Divine Comedy, in which
the imprisonment and death by
starvation of the Pisan Count
Ugolino della Gherardesca as well
as his offspring, are described in
detail.
Carpeaux chose to depict the
moment when the Count finally
yields to the temptation to devour
his children and grandchildren.
The work is influenced by
Hellenistic sculptures.
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10. Auguste Rodin, Gates of Hell
(bronze, 1880)
• Rodin received a commission from the
Directorate of Fine Arts for a
monumental door intended for the
Museum of Decorative Arts in Paris.
• The door was to be decorated with low
reliefs inspired in the Divine Comedy,
but Rodin chose to concentrate on the
section of the story that described Hell.
• The work is inspired by: Renaissance
era (Ghibertis Door for the Florence
Baptistery)
• Gothic sculptures from North Europe
and Dante
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11. ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT
 The Arts and Crafts Movement was the
antithesis of the mass production of the
modern age.
 Artists who were part of this movement
sought to make everyday objects that
were aesthetically pleasing and
handcrafted.
 They formed guilds and workshops and
placed an emphasis on process over
product.
 They were inspired by natural floral
patterns
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12. ART NOUVEAU
 Art Nouveau was a movement that
was inspired by the Arts and Crafts
Movement and characterized by a
focus on decorative arts and
architecture as well as an emphasis
on organic design.
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13. Victor Horta, Staircase in the Van
Eetvelde House, Brussels, 1895
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14. Victor Horta, Staircase in the Van
Eetvelde House,
 Horta was one of the best European Art Nouveau architects
 The design of this house included filigree domes and skylights
in the center of the building.
 The tracery on the skylight resembles vines and leaves.
 The banister, made of wrought iron, looks like vines, combined
with the wall designs, it creates the effect of being in an exotic
forest.
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15. Antoni Gaudi, Casa Mila,
Barcelona, Spain 1905-1910
• Gaudi is known for his
organic architecture
• This design has very few
straight lines and
combines many of the
forms Gaudi had become
famous for, including
wrought iron railings
reminiscent of Moorish
architecture and cavelike
entrances.
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16. Louis Comfort Tiffany – Lotus table
lamp (1905-1910)
• Tiffany was an American
artist and designer well
known for his large stained
glass windows and his
handcrafted lamps.
• He was interested in working
with light finding new ways to
incorporate electricity into his
designs.
• In 1899 he made his first
table with light bulbs shielded
by colorful leaded glass
shades.
• He pioneered new
glassmaking methods to
create texture in areas of his
work.
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17. Louis Comfort Tiffany
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18. Austrian Secession
 In 1897 a group of Austrian artists who
objected to the conservatism of the Vienna
art establishment created their own
exhibition space.
 The group had liberal policy and allowed
French Impressionists work to be exhibited
alongside the Austrian work.
 The style is heavily based on the Art
Nouveau works od the period created in
France, Britain, Belgium and North
America.
 In 1905, Gustav Klimt and other artists left
Vienna Secession due to differences of
opinion over artistc concepts.
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19. Gustav Klimt, The Kiss (oil on
canvas, 1907, Galerie Belvedere)SS

20. Gustav Klimt, The Kiss (oil and
gold leaf on canvas, 1907)
 Kilmts unique style combines elements of Symbolism, Arts
and Crafts and Art Nouveau
 Klimt became a sought after portrait painter who specialized
in depicting Viennese society ladies.
 This piece depicts the melding together of two people during
an amorous embrace
 VIDEO : Khan Academy
 https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/becoming-
modern/symbolism/v/gustav-klimt-the-kiss-1907-8
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21. Gustav Klimt
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