The french revolution and storming of Bastille

2.  A term used to describe an aggressive
overthrow of a government structure
 U s u a l l y represents a complete
turnaround from one way of doing
things to another way, which is
drastically opposite.
What is a Revolution?


3. .
* Each group is given lyrics to a song that relates to
revolutions.
1. What do these songs have to say about the causes of
revolutions?
2. How it effacted on the revolution of Franch?
Revolution Songs
.

4.  A political idea: A dramatic shift in
power where a society reject and
overthrow its government and
institutions, along with ideas that have
been used to justify them.
Major Characteristics of
a Revolution

5.  V i o l e n c e is a common feature, usually
seen through the execution of therulers.
 P r o s p e r i t y and employment
are reorganized.
 F o r thousands of years, society was
remarkably static-agricultural society where
political change seemed impossibly…
 W h a t changed this?
Major Characteristics…


6.  Material conditions- taxation, drought,
famine economic downturns
 Oppression or dire poverty
 Defeat in war
 Foreign rule- often seen in wars of Independence
 Domino effect- French soldiers who had fought on
the American side of Independence often returned to
France imbedded with new ideas of liberty.
Driving forces of
Revolutions

7.  R e v o l u t i o n a r y Ideas- new ideas that
werecoming out of the Enlightenment.
 S o c i a l Causes- the division of
the threeestates and the unfair taxation
laws.
 E c o n o m i c Depression- the 1770’s-1780’s
brought economic depressions, with a
downturn of economics and trade. This led to
a lack of work and a deep hunger.
Major causes of the
French Revolution

8.  P o o r Economy
 P o v e r t y
 H a t r e d of Marie Antoinette
Enlightenment Ideas
 T h e American Revolution
Causes of the French
Revolution

9.  P o l i t i c a l Power
 S o c i a l Equality
 F o o d
 R e s p e c t
 A b i l i t y to providefor their families
 R o y a l t y to step down
Needs of the French
People

10.  C l e r g y (Church)- privileged estate.
 L e s s than 1% of the population
butowned 10% of the land.
 N o t only were they minimally
taxed,but they collected 10% tithe from
the people ( tax-like payment).
First Estate


11. 
 N o b i l i t y - holding the highestpositions
in the Church, the army, and the
Government.
 2 % of the population and controlled
the majority of the wealth.
 E x e m p t from paying taxes of any
kind, and collected rent and customary
dues from the peasantry.
Second Estate

12.  C o n s i s t e d of everyone not in the
other twoestates- Bourgeoisie, peasantry,
and urban artisans. (made up 98% of the
population)
 B o u r g e o i s i e -
 M e r c h a n t s , manufacturers, bankers,
doctors,lawyers, and intellects.
 A l l had wealth, but wealth did not mean
status or privilege.
Third Estate


13.  The Peasantry-
 Consisted of approx. 21 million people and lived
in utmost poverty.
 Collectively owned 30-40%of the available land,
which was usually small plots. Most land was rented
from peasants who were able to afford it or the
nobility.
 Paid taxes to the king, taxes to the church, and taxes
and dues to the lord of the manor, as well as
numerous dues on wine, salt, and bread.
Third Estate


14.  1789:
 Taxes and rent increased
 Methods of farming were inadequate, and there was
a poor harvest.
 Prices of bread and other goods rose at a quicker
ratethan wages.
 Wages increased by 22%, while the cost of
livingincrease by 62%.
Third Estate


15.  P o o r people were
starving and when the
price of bread increased,
angry mobs formed.
Economic Conditions in
France

16.  F r e n c h Congress consisting of three
estates- first meeting in nearly 200
years.
 K i n g Louis VI assembled the estates
to pass a tax increase, however the Third
estate objects and develops their own
plan.
Meeting of the Estates General


17.  L o c k e d out of the estates
meeting, the Third estate meets
at a local tennis court.
 V o w e d to create a new
French constitution.
Tennis Court Oath


18.  On June 17, 1789, the Third estate renames
itself the National Assembly and vows to
change France by ending absolute monarchy
and establishing a representative
government.
 K i n g Louis XVI held a general meeting
where the government attempted to
intimidate the Third estate into submission.
National Assembly


19.  I n s p i r e d by the National Assembly,
commoners began to riot in protest of the
rising prices.
Revolutionaries first raided the Paris
townhall in pursuit of arms, but then
realized the Bastille contained a large
armory.
 O n July 14, 1789, angry citizens in support
of the National Assembly stormed the prison
in Paris.
Storming of the Bastille


20. 
Storming of the Bastille

21.  M o s t of the uprisings that began,
occurred in the struggling countryside
of France.
 P e a s a n t s and farmers who
sufered under high prices and unfair
feudal contracts, began to wreak
havoc on rural France.
Fear Sweeps France


22.  O n August 26,1789, the National
Assembly issued the Declaration of the
Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
 A document that guaranteed due process
in judicial matters and establish
sovereignty.
 E v e r y person was a Frenchman and equal.
 F r e n c h people embraced the document,
what the king and nobles did not.
Declaration of the Rights
of  M a n

23.  T h e National
Assemblyjoined by nobles
acting out
of fear make sweeping
reforms, which eliminate the
privileges of the church and
National Assembly
Reforms France

24.  T h e National Assembly
become the Legislative
Assembly which
limited the king’s power.
Legislative Assembly

25.  King Louis XVI had content with the rules of
Austria, Prussia, and Sweeden, asking for their
help in restoring his family to power.
 In June 1791, the royal family attempted to escape
to the Austrian border, but was caught by
revolutionaries and brought back to Paris.
 In August 1791, Prussia and Austria demanded
the king be unarmed and restored to power, or
military force would be used to restore the
monarchy.
 On April 20,1972, the Legislative Assembly declared
war against Austria.
War with Austria

26.  Autumn of 1972, a National Convention was elected
to oversee the country under the new Constitution
created by the Legislative Assembly.
 First action was to abolish the monarchy-
the Republic of France was created.
 Next action was to execute the king- onJanuary
21,1793, King Louis XVI was found guilty of treason
and was executed at the guillotine.
Execution of the King


27. 
Execution of the King

28.  N e w device created in 1792 to
nake executions efficient, human,
and democratic.
 I n October of 1793, Marie Antoinette
was also executed.
Guillotine


29. 
Maximilien Robespierre

30. *A Committee on Public Safety was createdto
maintain order within France.
*Robespierre rose to power- he was leader of the
Jacobins and banished the Girondins.
 He promised a “republic of virtue”
 Ruled with terror and his rule became known as
the Reign of Terror.
 Dictator from July 1793-1794
 Executed on July 28,1794 .
Maximilien Robespierre


31.  M o d e r a t e s c a m e to power and
established a government with a 2
house legislative body and executive
body of five, known as the directory.
 T h e Directory would have no
legislative power, but would have
authority to appoint people to fill
positions with the government.
Moderates Regain Power

32. 
Napoleon Bonaparte

33.  P r o t e c t e d the NationalConvention
 L e d the French army to victory against
Austrian troops.
 P u t in charge of the military, Directory
was dissolved in November 1799.
 A vote of the people in 1800gave
all real power to Napoleon as the
first consul.
Rise of Napoleon


34.  Reorganized the economy
 Fired corrupt government officials
 Establish public school
 Set up the Napoleonic Codes
 On December 2, 1802, crowned himself emperor
 Began a military campaign to control Europe
Napoleon as Leader


35. 
Napoleon Crowns Himself

36. 

37.  B r i t i s h blockade
 I n v a d e d Spain and Portugal
 I n v a s i o n of Russia
 A l l of Europe’s main powers
declared war on France
Surrendered his crown inApril
of 1814
Napoleon’s Mistakes


38.  N a p o l e o n , after a briefexile,
returns to lead French into battle
against the British.
 B r i t i s h defeat Napoleon at
Waterloo in 1815 and he was exiled
to Helena until his death in 1821.
Fall of Napoleon


39.  I n winter 1814-1815 European
leaders gather to develop a plan to
restore stability in France.
 A u s t r i a n Prime MinisterKlemens
von Metternich helps develop a
plan to allow for a balance of
power in Europe and reestablish
monarchies across Europe.
Congress of Vienna


40. .......................................................

41. .
.
* The representatives of the French people, organized
as a National Assembly, believing that the ignorance
and contempt of the rights of man are the sole cause
of public calamities and of the corruptions of
governments, Therefore the National Assembly
recognizes and proclaims being, the following rights
of man and of the citizen:
Declaration of the Rights of
Man and of the Citizen

42. .
.

* The representatives of the French people, organized
as a National Assembly, believing that the ignorance
and contempt of the rights of man are the sole cause
of public calamities and of the corruptions of
governments, Therefore the National Assembly
recognizes and proclaims being, the following rights
of man and of the citizen:
Declaration of the Rights of
Man and of the Citizen

43. 1. Men are born and remai free and equal in right Social.
distinctions may be founded only upon the general good.
2. The aim of all political association is the preservation of
the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These
rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to
oppression.
3. The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the
nation…
4. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which
injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural
rights of each man has no limits except those which
assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment
of the same rights.
Articles:

44. 1. Law can only prohibit such actions as are into the
society...
2. Law is the expression of the general will. Every citizen
has a right to participate personally.
3. No person shall be accused, arrested, or imprisoned.
4. The law shall provide for such punishments only as are
strictly and obviously necessary.
Articles:

45. 1. A common contribution is essential for the maintenance of the
public .
2. All the citizens have a right to decide.
3. Society has the right to require of every public agent as an
account of his administration.
4. Since property is inviolable and sacred right, no one shall be
deprived.
Articles:

46. References
The French revoloution book
chapter : III
French Revolution &
Aftermath(1789-1815)
History Of The Modren World &
Origins Of Modern Politics
page : from 118-131
Reorgnized by :Sohaib Galal
Registration NO:11707000
Subject: Hitory Of The World